"Admiral Nakhimov" (impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu): sesimanje

Lamadolobha esimanjemanje kakhulu ezinkulu-umthamo imikhumbi Russian Navy e 2018 babe impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Admiral Nakhimov". Ithuthukisa yaqala ngo-2014 futhi izothatha iminyaka emine, ngokuvumelana uhlelo. Kuyobe sekufika baphendukela kwenye umkhumbi - "Petra Velikogo", Flagship Federation Council, elakhiwa phezu project efanayo, "Orlan» № 11442. Lezi ziqhwaga kungenzeka on duty kude ugu abahlala lwendabuko, uhlinzeka khona wezempi e iyiphi ingxenye izilwandle zomhlaba. Dala amayunithi ukulwa asolwandle ngokuhambisana Soviet imfundiso wezempi we nengxenye yokuqala yeminyaka yawo-yalolucwaningo 80 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka, baye abiza isabelomali isimo eSoviet Union emzuliswaneni isamba (kwakungakaze zifakiwe ezine), futhi manje kubalulekile zilahlwe ngendlela efanele ifa. Kuyadingeka ukulinganisa ngezinga zalezi zinhlobo imikhumbi nekghono yabo kungenzeka uma zinqobe.

Umbuso

Ngokombono macroeconomic umbono, zonke izindleko kumele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana bakwazi ethile. Isimo, okuyinto ayinakho kungenzeka ukuba balwele amalungelo abo embulungeni yonke, nakanjani izimila neuropathy. Naphezu kobuningi izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, khona izakhiwo supranational ngamazwe ezilawula ngokugcinwa imithetho esungulwe, ezimweni eziningi, emazweni eqinile wamasosha zisebenzisa wasemoyeni, lemikhumbi phansi amabutho, breaking njalo kunemithetho elotshwe futhi engabhaliwe ukuqinisekisa kweNingizimu yayo. Kukhona isinqumo UN Security Council - ezinhle, kodwa uma kungenziwanga athola, "ngenduku enkulu" uhlale ekulungele. Ukuze aphebeze lokho izinsongo lolu hlobo, futhi lukhona ngwenya omkhulu yenuzi ngokuthi "u-Admiral Nakhimov". Cruiser iklanyelwe ukunikeza ikhava enamandla wonke isigaba ukwenza imisebenzi kude kakhulu. Ngolimi lempi, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "ekulinganiseni". Empeleni, lena core lezindiza umkhumbi uxhumano, akukho ithuba lokuthola usekelo lezisekelo zawo friendly noma ugu ngenxa ukususwa enkulu futhi esongelwa izenzo nobutha lempi. Nuclear missile impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Nahimov Admiral" kufanele kube akwazi ukwambula "isambulela" yasekuqaleni ehlanganisa izindlela umoya, imicibisholo yamabhomu, noma ezinye izinhlelo anti ziyakwenyanyisa ukuhlaselwa, uma isidingo - hit emuva igalelo esibhubhisayo.

umkhumbi izakhiwo kanye nobuchwepheshe "Stealth"

Eighties ekuseni eSoviet samasosha zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi kwaba ukuthuthukiswa imboni kuhlanganisa izinkulungwane izinkampani kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo. Impumelelo lonjiniyela ezifuywayo isimiso sokuzivikela ukuhlinzeka ngezimali ophanayo. Lapho edala onobuhle ezintsha acabangele kwentuthuko yakamuva Arms ensimini amazwe MIC - nezitha ezingaba yingozi. Isibonelo salokhu umkhumbi "Admiral Nakhimov". I impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Yakhiwa isimiso ukubonakala ongaphakeme ukuze radar lomzimba wakhe. Izinhlaka zezinkulumo superstructures akhiwa njengoba imibhoshongo, ehlanganisa izindiza enalokho kuthambekela, surface ingxenye has a "wanqwabelanisa" bead babe engeli kakhulu ilungelo. Ukuze upende osetshenziswayo ekhethekile izidakamizwa nezobuchwepheshe nasici egqoke lutho etshela igama "ukuvenisha" futhi akahlukile evamile Ukusabalala eyindilinga yempi, kodwa kokuba sici esibalulekile esiyingqayizivele ukuncela ephezulu imvamisa ngemisebe, ukunciphisa reflection yabo. Ochwepheshe phikisana nendlela imizamo ephumelelayo yokunikeza radar encane isignesha into 250 metres ubude, kodwa kwenqubekela-phambili kwezesayensi kulo mkhakha zinenani ngokwazo, ngenxa ukusetshenziswa kwabo okwengeziwe. Ngempela, ukuze imikhumbi emikhulu ungakwazi nje ngokubona esikrinini radar, kodwa futhi satellite, ingasaphathwa izindiza kwesimo endaweni. "Stealth" ubuchwepheshe kuyayithinta kungenzeka edukisayo anti-missile isiqondiso amayunithi. "Ibala" phezu kwasemuva screen kuyoba ezincane, ngaphandle impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu kungaba kuphrojekthi decoys esebenzisa ngogesi ABM.

amathuba sesimanje

Phakathi neminyaka ecishe ibe ngaphezu kwamashumi amathathu cishe zonke izindlela zobuchwepheshe futhi izikhali izinhlelo womkhumbi aphelelwe yisikhathi, futhi manje nje umzimba omkhulu, ifakwe enamandla amandla enuzi, ibalulekile ngoxhaxha. Nokho, izindleko le "ipulatifomu" wukuthi kufanele banganakwa. Isibonelo sesimo sengqondo ngokucophelela ezibizayo impahla ingxenye zingakhiqiza US Navy. Zonke ezinkulu-umthamo imikhumbi US elakhiwa ikhumbula ngcono kungenzeka kabelkanaly ukunikezela Ubukhulu obandayo abazenzi ukuze esikhundleni kwanoma yiphi impahla - esimweni ngaphezulu yesimanje - akuyona inkinga. Ukulungisa we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Admiral Nakhimov", okuyinto ngokomthetho waqala ngo-1998, esalibele ngenxa yokuthi kwakukhona isidingo lenqwaba izinguquko design adingekayo i sesimanje ngempumelelo. Tarka "Kalinin" (ngaphansi kwalesi igama umkhumbi lakhiwa ngo-1983 futhi wakhonza kuze 1993) ayikwazanga ukwanelisa nemibandela impi olwandle enkulungwaneni yesithathu. ukuhlelwa kabusha iphrojekthi eyalwa Northern Design Bureau (Petersburg), e kwenaba yayo wema izinyanga 21. Amadokhumende ukulinganisela zaba cishe 2.8 bhiliyoni ruble. Kusolwa ukuthi yonke sesimanje umkhumbi izobiza achitha izinkulungwane zezigidi. Ngokushesha kwakukhona baxgeki abathi uhlobo imali, ungakwazi ukwakha amayunithi ezintsha ezimbalwa ikilasi "frigate" noma "Corvette", kokuba ingqikithi ezingaphezu ukulwa amakhono. Umbono Yiqiniso, unelungelo lokubekela abantu ezikhona, kodwa imikhumbi ekilasini ukukhanya ayakhelwe imisebenzi lakhiwa "Admiral Nakhimov" okuyiwona. Cruiser has a emikhulu yokusebenza ibanga, kuyinto isikhathi eside kunaleso ngumbhubhisi, noma BOD, ngoba wonke yesikhathi sesimanje yayo umnotho kuthethelelwe.

Mayelana nomculi

Mariners - abantu hhayi kuphela abanesibindi, kodwa futhi angabacwasi ekukholelweni ezeni. Bazama iyiphi ibhaxa ukugwema kokushiya ichweba nantathu, ukholwa izimpawu ezahlukene futhi ungathandi amagama ngeshwa. Ngeshwa, kule ndaba, kukhona isizathu sokukhathazeka.

impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Armored "Admiral Nakhimov" yafakwa phansi iqembu lakhe eyayimenza angabanjwa yakhe amaJapane ngo-1905 ngesikhathi Battle of Tsushima. Amatilosi alwa heroically Ngishoné abachithi isitha eziningana kulimala le impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Iwate" futhi ingabe kuNkulunkulu wabo, bangahlambalazi inkazimulo lasolwandle Russian. "Varyag", owabulawa futhi usesimweni esifanayo, igama layo esabekayo badlulisela umkhumbi yesimanje.

eyaziwa Ngaphansi kahle kuyinto isiphetho esinye "Nakhimov" - ukuhweba steamship umphakathi ROPIT ukuthi sasisibi ogwini Turkish ngo-1897 esivunguvungwini esinamandla.

Ngo-1941, ngesikhathi nobuqhawe ukuvikela Sevastopol, le Luftwaffe ukuthi wethuka kakhulu umkhumbi "Red Ukraine", ngaphambili (ngaphambi kulwiwa), okwakubizwa ngokuthi i "Admiral Nakhimov". Cruiser Umbe, kokuba sebuningini izimbobo.

Ngo-1960 yena lasuswa kusukela BSF omunye umkhumbi, onegama umlawuli abadumile asolwandle. Umlando uye waphenduka engaqondakali: missile impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu kwaba iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu kuphela, futhi kukhona kokuqagela ukuthi sasebenzisa ukufunda imiphumela emzimbeni wave kwamanzi ezisuka kusukela kuqhuma ibhomu lenyukliya.

Ngo-1973, wafola omunye "Admiral Nakhimov". Ukuwa isitsha ucwaningo kwenzeka ngokumangalisayo, endaweni lapho Russian umlawuli omkhulu wamabutho asolwandle elilodwa zokunqoba yakhe ekhaliphile kakhulu - bay Tsemess. Lo mkhumbi ngokuzumayo obandayo futhi useye ngezansi kwesokudla at pier.

Ngenxa yokulimala kabi etholwe ukungqubuzana ngwenya u elingasekho empini komkhumbi omkhulu anti-ngwenya "Admiral Nakhimov". Cruiser (Tsushima), isitsha ucwaningo (bay umnkantsha), omunye impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu (Sevastopol), umthengisi steamship (ogwini olusenyakatho lwalesi Turkey), Kazakhstan (amakhilomitha 50 kusukela elisogwini oluseningizimu ye-eCrimea), - kule 'Ukholo akunakwenzeka ukwengeza kwezinhlekelele okubi kakhulu laseThire elingasolwandle wonke umlando lokuthumela. Kwaba khona abangu-umkhumbi wezimpahla "UPetru Vasev" bese umkhumbi ngesikhathi yokuqalisa onegama "Berlin". Ngo-1986, umkhumbi ezimbili ezinkulu bahluleka miss nomunye Novorossiysk Tsemess bay. Ngemuva kokuwina indondo "Berlin" yabizwa ngokuthi "u-Admiral Nakhimov". Le nhlekelele kwabulala amakhulu abagibeli kanye zezisebenzi.

Kanjani you cha kholwa amashwa uphishekela into igama esibi?

Nokho, kungani 'Nakhimov "?

Okungenhla ayisona kwaphahlazeka iziqephu izimfihlo abaphathi abanomsebenzi kukhethwa igama lomkhumbi. Futhi uma isinqumo, yize izibalo esinjalo esidabukisayo, namanje samukelwa, kunesizathu esihle salokhu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa eningiliziwe ngaphezulu futhi akakhethi, singaphetha ngokuthi lo yempi ukuthi obani ababefaka igama lenduna abadumile oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, abaningi kubo okuyizingane ezikufanelekelayo enhle, futhi isiphetho sabo uyaziqhenya ezweni lakubo namadodana alo anesibindi. impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Armored "Admiral Nakhimov" ngokuphindaphindiwe kanye nomsizi wakhe feat uyaziqhenya "Varyag", e 41st omunye umkhumbi walwa isitha igobolondo zokugcina.

Ukufa akukwazi ngokuthi ngephutha noma engenangqondo, kwaba nobuqhawe.

Njengoba for nye izimo ezimbili, okwesula ngoxhaxha zenzeka ngaphandle kokulahleka wokuphila, i-force majeure izimo noma umyalo.

Umkhuzi

Pavel Stepanovich Nahimov waya yonke indlela ofisa isiRashiya, waqala umsebenzi wakhe njengoba ubusosha esikoleni yemikhumbi yempi ukuthatha ukufa nobuqhawe kusukela amachashazi ayizitha nenqaba ka Sevastopol nge epaulettes undunankulu sika emahlombe. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-nanhlanu, wayengumuntu ngomkhumbi eside ogwini waseDenmark neSweden, ethola elisezingeni Iphoyisa, waqokwa ngesikhathi 2nd edepho asolwandle Petersburg port (1818). Ngo 1822 yena yanikezelwa Order of St uVladimir IV degree of iqhaza circumnavigation. Wayala emphemeni lwebhethri impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Azov" ngesikhathi Battle of Navarino futhi edume frigate "Pallada", kwakheka ingxenye isigaba ka F. F. Bellinsgauzena. I Black Sea Fleet usekhonze kusukela ngo-1834, wayala yempi "Silistra". Wathatha iqhaza nokusebenza eCaucasus, okuyiwona yena yanikezelwa Order of St uVladimir III degree. Ngo-October 1852 wakhushulelwa Vice Admiral.

Wamaqhawe Sevastopol Saga ufanelwe emagama lahlukene. Ikhwalithi ephezulu umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle uvele kakhulu wakhe ngokucace. Imemori ye enjalo indoda Ifanele ukuba igama lakhe ababefaka ezinamandla kakhulu futhi yesimanje nangomcibisholo impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu. Admiral Nakhimov - Russian iqhawe lesizwe.

Qala nokuthuthukela

Ngemuva kwemvume yokugcina nokwamukela ngemibhalo yomsebenzi kwaba kufika ithuba lika-isinyathelo langempela. Ukuqala kufanele ukukhulula umkhumbi kusuka lonke maphilisi of imishini okulindile bhala-off kanye nokulahlwa. Lo msebenzi, nakuba isikhathi ukudliwa, kodwa okwanelisayo. Ingxenye enkulu yezindleko isebenza sesimanje kuyokugqiba yokukhipha mass enkulu ensimbini eyigugu. impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu Nuclear "Admiral Nahimov" iye yaba umthombo kwezinsiza yesibili isisindo ingqikithi amathani 878, zazo 644 - ayoni (yensimbi), aluminium nethusi Alloys (168 m), kanye elixutshiwe insimbi engagqwali nge-carbon okuqukethwe okusezingeni eliphezulu (66 m). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kuncike namatshe ayigugu aqukethwe imishini kagesi nawe-elekthronikhi. On the inqubo disassembly kulandzelana nekuhlunga bachithe ingqikithi 20 mln., Yikuphi kakhulu esingaphansi izindleko izinsiza.

Ngaphezu amanani utilitarian, inqubo ukuliqaqa kuzo zonke imishini ezingadingekile futhi azama elinye umgomo: esiphezulu impumuzo luhlobo ukwehlisa imvula. idivayisi flotation esikhulu lokho akulula kangaka kufanele wonyiswa Dokha (caisson) - lokhu kudinga pontoons, exhunywe umzimba (kukhona eziyisithupha). Ababili kulabo ayebafundela kwakungabantu ngomumo, ngenkathi bebuthene ukukhanda othwala izindiza "Vikramaditya", atholwe ngaphambili-India. Ngilusizo futhi wathola lapho kukhishwa lesi nakho oda. Ukukhiqizwa pontoons, ukuhlolwa kwabo kanye nokuqiniseka edingekayo kokubili isikhathi nesikhumba esasisetshenziswa impahla izindleko. Okwamanje, impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu enuzi "Admiral Nahimov" luphakathi semikhumbi, le bezinhlamvu ukhululeka zonke engadingekile fuel yenuzi asuswe ophendulayo. waqala yesimanje.

imigomo sesimanje

Inhloso esemqoka ukunikeza imisebenzi ezibizayo ukulwa Amayunithi Northern Fleet ayesifuna ngabomvu ukulwa ukusebenza. Lokhu akuhileli nje esikhundleni ephelele akusebenzi kusukela ngo-1980, imishini nezikhali izinhlelo, kodwa futhi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kungenzeka sesimanje okwengeziwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo emashumini eminyaka ezayo. Impahla ye-elekthronikhi, imicibisholo nokulawula izinhlelo iphelelwa ukuhlobana ngokushesha ngokwanele, futhi akufanele ukuphinda amaphutha abaklami, abakhi Eighties we impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu "Admiral Nakhimov". Yesimanje, akunakugwenywa eminyakeni embalwa, kufanele ibhekane ubuhlungu kancane futhi ishibhile ukuphatha.

Imisebenzi kakhulu isikhathi esiningi we bemikhumbi Sevmash, livela okokuqala esikhundleni naklonnyh missile silos emiselwe 3M45 ezicitshwayo izakhiwo jikelele UKSK 3S14 kwethulwa mpo. Mhlawumbe, kusukela uhlelo slanted namanje ngeke give up (imininingwane eminingi yephrojekthi avalelwe kuthiwa), kodwa ukugijima ngeke besakwazi kwenziwe kusukela isikhundla Ugcwalise (lokhu nje isuke ibangelwa isidingo "ngoseyili" umsuka akusebenzi 3M45). okwami Ubude engu-20, inani elifanayo kubo, futhi uzohlala, kodwa ngamunye wabo uzobe elise uhlelo Modular nge ezicitshwayo ezine. Ingqikithi anti-ezicitshwayo kuzokhulisa kane futhi kuyoba inombolo 80.

Yini bayoba, luhlala ukuqagela okungenzeka kakhulu "Onyx" noma "Turquoise". impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu ngokuthi "izindiza yenethiwekhi killer 'idumela kusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka kuhlomisa spetszaryadami isiteleka izikhali (senuzi). zalelo nani elikhulu yezikhali ezicitshwayo ku arsenal "Nakhimova» wabizela "abathanda" indlela isicelo. Veta kuhlasela iqembu RCC cishe kungenakwenzeka.

Ngaphezu ibhethri main, Tarka kulindeleke ukuba ehlome izindlela Subsonic 3M14 senzelwe Okuqondiwe eliwumhlaba ugu. nezisebenzi Anti-ngwenya uyosingatha eziyinkimbinkimbi "Pakisha NK" (kungenzeka ukuthi ingxenye izingalo ukushiya kahle neshaya ephelelwe yisikhathi "impophoma-NK"). ezigqulweni esisheshayo RBU-6000 esikhundleni "boas 1", uyakwazi okhululayo isivikelo ekuhlaseleni torpedo.

Ummeli emoyeni

Kungaba ukunganaki ukumane udlulise ukukholelwa ukuthi Bureau "Sevmash" Awunandaba kanjani ukuvikela esingase sihlasele izindiza nezikhali ezicitshwayo njengoba ulwandle target enkulu njengoba 'Admiral Nakhimov ". Cruiser, naphezu kwazo zonke izindlela isicelo ukuqinisekisa ekusithekeni yayo, into sigqamile kakhulu, futhi uma empini nakanjani ube okuqondiswe isitha anti-izinhlelo. Ngaphambili, umsebenzi reflection isinqumo emoyeni kuhlasela SAM "Fort" C-300F muhle kakhulu, kodwa kufanele ushintshwe ekubukeni zibiza yephrojekthi nokubaluleka kwalo eside. Kwakuthinta babecabanga ukuthi VOP ugibelile ubuyekeze izilungiselelo ngezansi emphemeni PU isikimu eduze nezici phansi eziyinkimbinkimbi S-500. Ziyakwazi izinhlobo ukungena nakwamanye amazwe, hhayi ezikhanyisayo, njengasekuqaleni, futhi, ngenxa compactness yayo enkulu, ziyothambekela kakhudlwana (ku arsenal of anti-aircraft missile kuyoba ambalwa). Olunye uhlobo, yebo, akuyona esilinganiselwe. Futhi C-500, ukulawula esibhakabhakeni phezu umkhumbi-umholi "nethimba" yakhe senzelwe wezikhali missile eziyinkimbinkimbi "Carapace-M." Nokho, imininingwane ubuholi oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, alisho.

izici Jikelele umkhumbi namathemba ahambisana nako

Ukwaziswa kwafakwa emaphephandabeni ukuthi isitshalo samandla, kuhlanganise ne- atomic reactor, sasizoba nesimanje , kodwa, ngokusobala, izinguquko ezakhayo ngeke ziguquke. Ukuze uthuthukise okuhle kungokonakalisa kuphela, ochwepheshe bezempi bakholelwa. "I-Admiral Nakhimov" - i-cruiser i-TTX esivele ibhekwa njengeyingqayizivele, ayikho elinganayo nezimfanelo zayo zokushayela. Ngokuhamba okuphelele kwamathani angama-26,000 nobude bamamitha angu-251, kunokufakwa kwamandla ayo amandla (angaphezu kuka-100 MW) ayongenelela ukunikeza umuzi ngesakhamuzi sesigidi sesigidi. Ngaphandle kwe-reactor yenukliya, umkhumbi unama-boilers amabili okulondoloza. Inkambo yayo (ngakho abagibeli bayabiza ijubane) kungama-32 amafindo. Ububanzi bokuhamba kungenamkhawulo, ukuzimela okugcwele izinyanga ezimbili. Iqembu liqukethe abashayeli abangu-630 namanqamu abasebenzi abasha abasha kanye namakhulu amaphoyisa.

Umkhumbi uzobuyela nini eNyakatho Fleet? Ngokwecebo, lokhu kufanele kwenzeke ngo-2018. Mhlawumbe kuzoba nezinkinga ezingalindelekile ezizoqhubeka zisezingeni lesimanje. Kodwa ngokuqinisekile kuzofika endaweni yolwandle - i-cruiser Admiral Nakhimov ebuyekeziwe. Isithombe sakhe, eshicilelwe ngezikhathi, sizojabulisa abangane bezwe lakithi, futhi, cishe, lizocasula izitha zakhe. Futhi hhayi izithombe kuphela ...