Isikhwama - Iyini? Pension Fund, Social Fund, izindlu

Foundation - a non-nzuzo luhlobo lwenhlangano, abasunguli yikuphi izakhamuzi ezivamile noma abantu zomthetho ngubani, njalo yokuzithandela ababa nesandla ekuhlelweni kwempahla iminikelo. Abahleli izikhungo babe ukufeza izindaba zesimo senhlalo kanye yesihle, kwezamasiko kanye nezemfundo kanye nezinye kuyazuzisa emphakathini.

izici ezingokomthetho izimali ukusebenza

isimo wezomthetho isiKhwama bazimisela kuphela the Civil Code, kodwa futhi umthetho ku izinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo. Foundation - inhlangano, imininingwane okuyinto abizele a kwakuwukuthi ethize umthetho. Imisebenzi nezigaba ezithile izimpahla kuyinto neziqondiso eziqondile. izinhlangano zomphakathi zilawulwa umthetho ku izinhlangano zomphakathi. Izimali Accounting asebenza ngaphakathi kwemigomo yomsebenzi yesihle yomthetho. Njengengxenye ubulungu wenhlangano singanikezwanga, futhi abasunguli ngokwabo awahlanganyeli umsebenzi wenhlangano futhi abanalo igunya lokunquma ukuthi bachithe izimali.

izimali zomphakathi

Umqondo we yesikhwama zihlanganisa izikhungo engenzi-nzuzo hhayi kuphela okuxoxwe ngazo ngenhla. Kukhona izimali isiRashiya, okungokwendlela isigaba isimo. izimali esingeziwe kwesabelomali yaqala ukubonakala lapho sekube kabusha kohlelo lwezezimali Russia ngo-1990. It utshelwa ukudalwa ethize izinhlangano ukuphuthuma ukuxazulula izinkinga eziningana bemvelo zezenhlalo kanye nezomnotho. Esikhathini esizayo, it kuhlelwe ukudala uhlelo esimeme yempesheni, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo kanye nokuvikeleka komphakathi. Isikhwama kwemali - indlela eqondile izimali esetshenziswa finance izidingo ezithile ezingeni yomphakathi, nokuthi ikufanele ukubikezela eside. Imithombo yezinhlangano replenishment ngokucacile kushiwo, futhi ukusetshenziswa ngenhloso kusengaphambili.

Izinhlobo izimali nesiqondiso ukuphuma nokungena kwezimali

izimali esingeziwe kwesabelomali zidlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni izimali eyodwa yezwe. Inhlangano aqoqana izimali ngaphandle kwe-federal isabelomali futhi off-isabelomali izinhlangano yeRussia. Yonke imali isetshenziselwa ukugcwaliseka amalungelo esintu izakhamuzi. I Social Fund ukunikeza abantu ngeminyaka, ukugula, ukukhubazeka, ukusiza ekulahlekelweni umondli futhi nakwezinye izimo eziningi. Isabelomali yenhlangano ngayinye kufanele zigunyazwe umhlangano esemthethweni ngefomethi kwemithetho sikahulumeni. Izimali ezikhungweni ukunikeza izinkokhelo oyisibopho intela esihlanganisiwe nomphakathi. Isakhiwo isimo off-isabelomali izimali yohlobo kuhlanganisa:

• Russian sempesheni;
• Social Fund Insurance;
• inhlangano kahulumeni;
• inhlangano sendawo umshuwalense wezempilo.

Ubuqili isabelomali

Isikhwama kwemali - inhlangano kazwelonke kwakheka ukuze izimali extra-mali, okuyinto ilawulwa iziphathimandla zezwe futhi isabelomali okuyinto iqondiswe ngqó ukuqaliswa izidingo zomphakathi njengoba izinjongo ezivamile yombuso kanye indawo. kwakhiwa Ibhajethi weNhlangano iphrojekthi yayo nakulo nyaka omusha ubizwa ngabaphethe zokugcina. Projects kufanele zithunyelwe ku izidumbu yase amandla wezokuphatha kanye bamukela komthetho federal format. Uma kukhona ukuntuleka kwamavithamini, ukungezwani kubuyekezwe futhi kuvunywe imithombo ngokumiswa yayo. Le phrojekthi kufanele inikezwe kanye imithombo imali kanye ukusetshenziswa imithombo. Ngaphambi ukwamukelwa yayo isabelomali kufanele zidlule lonke uchungechunge neziphathimandla zikahulumeni, futhi kubandakanya iNkantolo mabhuku.

Russian Pension Fund

Isikhwama ngobukhulu extra-kwesabelomali izwe impesheni. Yena udlala indima ebaluleke kunayoyonke isikhungo yezenhlalakahle yezwe. Ukwakheka kwabo kungenxa isidingo nokuphathwa kwezimali ilungiselelo impesheni isimo. Zempesheni ukuzixazulula kanyekanye izinkinga ezimbili:

1. Lokukhipha kwezimali impesheni isakhiwo kwesabelomali ahlanganisiwe.
2. impesheni Isiphetho ageleza ezingeni inqubo ezimele.

Ukubhajetha kungenxa ezibanjwayo kwezimali Pension Fund e umshuwalense kanye nezinkokhelo abaqashi format. Ngenxa yalokho, isabelomali umthwalo isimo isuswe ngendlela nezibopho umhlalaphansi. Izibopho wenziwa ngezithukuthuku ukukhokhelwa umshwalense. I kabusha lokugcina impesheni olwakhiwe waba izingxenye ezintathu: eziyisisekelo, umshwalense kanye accumulative.

Ukusatshalaliswa imihlomulo yempesheni inhlangano

Pension Fund iqinisekisa nokukhokhwa nempesheni eyisisekelo kubo bonke abantu bakwa-kokuthatha umhlalaphansi. izinkokhelo Ephakeme ziqondiswa kubantu ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-80 kanye nabantu iqembu 1 ukukhubazeka. umshwalense usayizi ingxenye yokukhokha kuncike kuphela ubude impesheni kanye nobukhulu nomholo wakhe. kwakhiwa wokukhokha is ngeminikelo ukuba yesikhwama sempesheni amaphrimiyamu njalo ngenyanga. izinkokhelo Umshwalense oluhambisana isilinganiso esinikelweko nempesheni capital inani lezinyanga angu-EXPECTED_SIZE buyiselo isikhathi. Empeleni, izimali kungukuthi eqoqwe ku-akhawunti ngomuntu oyedwa, futhi ukusetshenziselwa izinkokhelo kwamanye umhlalaphansi.

I-Social Insurance Fund

Eyokuqala yokuphepha komphakathi Isikhwama eRussia uvele 1992. Yena ilawulwa ngumthetho kazwelonke. Njengoba Pension Fund, inhlangano uba yisikhungo esizimele sezimali. Noma yimuphi amafa yesikhwama - isakhiwo sikahulumeni. Izimali ayikwazi uyazithulela aziyona ingxenye isenzo isabelomali kunoma iyiphi amazinga. uhlobo kwezenhlalo kwezimali umshwalense agcwaliswa by intela ezibanjwayo. Le ntela esihlanganisiwe kwezenhlalo futhi intela ukusetshenziswa uhlelo intela lula for gqwa kwentela engenayo kanye Intela wezolimo. Isiqondiso eyinhloko ukuphuma nokungena kwezimali ezivela inhlangano - a ukukhokhwa kwemihlomulo kulabo abangamalungu abantu abanombono sokukhubazeka yesikhashana. Inani eliphelele nesabelo akuvunyelwe kungagcini amagugu normative.

izindlu

Isikhwama has a format kancane ehlukile kunaleyo izinhlangano ukuthi ethulwa ngenhla. Akenzi buthelela izinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa ihlanganisa zonke izindlu nezindawo zokuhlala isimo. Lo mqondo ubhekwa kumila yonke imithetho izindlu. I stock izindlu ubhekwa okuyizona isimo isakhiwo ngokulondoloza nasekusindiseni inzalo ngalo emphakathini wonke. Umqondo generalized kuhlanganisa substructures, umahluko ngokuvumelana nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

• bulunga uhlobo oluthile ubunikazi (yangasese, kamasipala kanye nesimo);
• isicelo ethize kwezakhiwo (ukusetshenziswa yezenhlalakahle kwezimali, commercial futhi ngabanye).

Thanda isikhwama sempesheni, Ezezindlu sabafowabo ngaphansi kokulawula isimo, okuyinto uqhuba ezimali yayo ngokuhambisana nenqubo ebekwe kaHulumeni. Uhlelo akubandakanyi izakhiwo noma izakhiwo ukuthi bagxile yokuhlala yesizini, noma okwesikhashana, kungakhathaliseki ubude bayo. isakhiwo ezinqumela esakhiwe akufakiwe kulesi sikhwama. Labo izinto ezingekho ingxenye isakhiwo, akukwazi kuncike kwezinkambiso oshayiwe izindlu, futhi noma iyiphi zokukhwabanisa nabayizithulu kunzima kakhulu ukuba nifeze, kuhlanganise kabusha.