Intengo izindleko uwoyela Russian. Isakhiwo amanani kawoyela Russian

Ngaphansi kwesimo isimo samanje somnotho, izindleko izithakazelo uwoyela Russian ochwepheshe nje kuphela kodwa futhi abantu abavamile. Russia kungokwalabo esigabeni lamazwe ne uhlobo ebomvu umnotho, nenhlalakahle salo ngqo okuhlobene izindleko igolide black emakethe ngamazwe. Ngokungananazi ukuphendula imibuzo emayelana ibiza malini amafutha Russian, kuba yinkinga ngoba leli gama libhekisela esigabeni multi-zenani. Saba nzima isimo omningi brand, izinhlobo kanye nezinhlobo izinto zokusetshenziswa, okuyinto axutshwa endaweni isilinganiso ethize ukuthola uwoyela (Urals), i-adayiswa kakhulu ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele. Kukhona isigaba of izinto zokusetshenziswa, okuyinto alisetshenziswa noma zithunyelwa futhi isetshenziswa umkhakha zamakhemikhali.

Yini ukuthuthukisa izindleko uwoyela afakiwe izindleko zalo?

Intengo izindleko embonini kawoyela Russian kuhilela izindleko. Lena izindleko ukuvelela uketshezi kahle kusukela phansi kuya emlonyeni opharetha, izindleko amanzi, okuyinto iqondiswe ku kwesigubhu nokucindezelwa ukwesekwa, izimali ugesi okudlekayo. Akunakwenzeka ukuba singagxili, nenkokhelo namaholo. I-akhawunti bathathile ukwehla izindleko imishini ukuthi isetshenziswa isizinda of izinto zokusetshenziswa. Ake unake izibalo iqiniso lokuthi isizinda of izinto zokusetshenziswa, hhayi yonke imithombo ku into zisetshenziswa enqubeni. Ezinye zazo kungenziwa lilungiswe. Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu yiqiniso lokuthi kukhona ukuphuma nokungena kwezimali imishini ezinkathini ehlukahlukene yenkonzo isikhathi (suku, ngenyanga, ngonyaka, njll) Kwangathi kuhluke kakhulu, okuzokwenza kungithinte izindleko zokukhiqiza. Lokho eziningi ezingenza ukuthi balolonge izindleko sokugcina igolide elimnyama, kuvusa bezibona nomqondo izindleko njengoba amanani luyingxenye umgomo futhi ngempela olungalungile.

Dynamics isakhiwo uwoyela izindleko

Izindleko prime lamafutha isiRashiya, uma kungekhona ukuba acabangele intela-akhawunti yentela amaminerali isizinda, esikhathini kusuka 2005 kuya ku-2014 kathathu ukusuka 1000 ruble 3000. Kepha nokuthengiswa, intengo uye futhi emva kokuvuka kwakhe. Ngaphambili, yena kwakuhambelana nokuka ruble 600, futhi manje simi ruble 1,800. Ngokuhambisana mkhuba kukhuphuke kakhulu WAHLANGABEZA ngokwayo, okuyinto kokubili kuveza okungekuhle kwentengo kawoyela, futhi njengoba kukhombisa dollar. Ngokuphathelene ezilinganiselwa ukukhiqizwa izindleko izinto zokusetshenziswa kumadola, esikhathini echazwe (2005-2014 GG.) Ingabe nakho kuyanda. Uma ngaphambili ochwepheshe esikalini emgqonyeni yakhelwe $ 5, kodwa namuhla ngentengo yalo awehleli ngezansi amadola 14. A nokwanda okuphawulekayo ukusebenza ngenxa yokuthi bathi kule minyaka yamuva e izindleko igolide omnyama zase zihlanganisa imali kwehlwaywe imali entsha kanye kwezimali ezitshalwe kulo mkhakha. sikawoyela Russian uhlole ezinsukwini zeSoviet Union, kakhulu yaphela, futhi kufanele uthole ezifakwa entsha amaminerali ukuthi akuyona ezishibhile. Ikhumbula izinkampani steel nokusebenza.

Yini emananini kawoyela ngesibonelo inkampani "Rosneft"

cwaningo ofingqiwe isakhiwo intengo kawoyela esekelwe umsebenzi "Rosneft" inkampani, ogxile nokuhlola ibhizinisi akhawunti izinyanga eziyisithupha avunyelwe ukuba afeze uchungechunge izibalo. Ngakho, lapho sathola khona ukuthi izindleko izinto zokusetshenziswa by 55-57% siqukethe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba izintela nezimali ukuthi inkampani okhokhela isimo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi iningi imali kusuka ngamunye ithengiswe emgqonyeni uwoyela iya ekukhokhweni kwentela severance amasiko imisebenzi, intela yemali engenayo, plus iminikelo ekhethekile abasebenzi (kwentela yengeniso kanye yomshuwalense social).

iphesenti eningiliziwe zamanani izici

Cabanga lapho kuba inzuzo etholakale ngokudayiswa inkampani kawoyela "Rosneft":

• 10% intengo nezindleko ukuthuthukiswa kanye Ukuhlolwa amasimu amasha, imali echithwa izitshalo kanye nempahla ukufakwa, ukuthola abathengi kanye basayine izivumelwano, abaphathi nokuphepha ibhizinisi;
• 8.4% amanani impahla eluhlaza ukumboza ukulethwa kubathengi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyizinto banye abasebenzisi noma cha;
• 7,6% - lokhu cushioning futhi ukugqoka impahla kwempahla uhlobo (izakhiwo kanye nezinhlaka, amafutha ahamba imishini, et al.);
• 8.6% - lena nokukhokhwa asizayo izinkampani nemisebenzi, khulu khulu, imishini ukulungisa noma reprocessing.

On ezisebenza imali akhawunti ye-% 13.2 kuphela. Futhi ngoba ibalwa njengoba inetha isithakazelo izindleko kanye umholo ophelele emisebenzini non-yokusebenza. Lezi zinsalela ziyavezwa ukuthi ngaphansi yokulungiswa exchange rate Dynamics kanye intela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izindleko inkampani kawoyela Russian "Rosneft" ithola% 9 kuphela intengo, okuyinto wabunjwa emakethe emhlabeni.

Amafutha "Rosneft" inkampani ngamadola wase-US

Izazi Uzame abale izindleko silinganisiwe umkhiqizo kawoyela isiRashiya, njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni, watadisha inkampani "Rosneft". Bathola ukuthi inkampani uhlukanisa zonke izikweletu zenu eziyinani ngezigaba ezintathu. Ziyakwazi:

• yokukhiqiza kanye kunciphise nezindleko ;
• jikelele nezokuphatha;
• izindleko ezihlobene ukuhlola uwoyela negesi izinqolobane.

Imibiko ithi izindleko sangaphakathi ibhizinisi ezakha 17.5% we izimali zenkampani. izindleko yangaphandle - kuba ezengeziwe 17% enzuzweni. Ngakho, umkhiqizo kawoyela kanye nezinkampani zalo ukulethwa izindleko e lemali engekho ngaphezu kuka-35 zamaRandi, kodwa uma nje izindleko fuel emakethe oluhambisana zamadola 100. Uma ukuphatha nokwandisa izindleko ngokunciphisa okubili okuthunyelwe uphinde wehlise inkokhelo nge amabhonasi, kanye uma ukwanda kwesikhathi ukwehla kwentengo ubuchwepheshe, kuvela ukungena intengo izindleko 25-27 zamadola. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi lapho dollar liphuma, uwoyela lehla intengo, kodwa hhayi ukulahlekelwa zikawoyela kanye isimo, okuyinto uthola intela kusukela umjikelezo ogcwele yokuthengisa kwemikhiqizo kaphethiloli okweqa izindleko nophethiloli.

Yiziphi amanani emakethe izwe ongamelana embonini kawoyela Russian?

Amafutha kanye emnothweni isiRashiya uvalwe exhumene, futhi kwehla ngo izindleko izinto zokusetshenziswa, Uma unganakile, okwethusa izinkampani eziningi ezifuywayo. Ngokusho ukwaziswa okuvela emithonjeni ezisemthethweni, ngesikhathi ukuhweba iholidi on the uwoyela emakethe emhlabeni (Januwari 7, 2015) WITI uphawu ukuhweba at iminyaka eminingi baba bukhulu kakhulu kunangaphambili, at 47.33 dollar. North Sea Brent uwoyela ongahluziwe lize liba ngaphansi kwe izisulu 50,77 zamadola. Ochwepheshe ukutadisha ukudayiswa kwezinsiza ezifana ezimakethe njengoba izinto zokusetshenziswa namafutha, isibikezelo isivuno esihle kakhulu, okubonisa ukuthi zikawoyela uzokwazi bahlala 2015 kunjalo akukho izinkinga. Ngokwe-kohlaziyo ejensi Regnum, break ngisho iphuzu cishe zonke izinkampani uwoyela basekhaya ezingeni $ 30. uwoyela Dry, ngaphandle izindleko ahambisanayo, kubiza wenkampani phakathi $ 4 kuya $ 8. Naphezu iminikelo yizinkampani uwoyela mayelana 70% inzuzo endaweni yomcebo isimo, embonini abe namandla enkulu ngokwanele Reserve. I-Russian Ministry of Energy ihlele wokuqhubeka zokukhiqiza uphethiloli ngaphakathi engamathani ayizigidi ezingu-525, naphezu unswinyo ezinzima kusukela West njengendlela ukufinyelela okunomkhawulo credit, futhi ubuchwepheshe ezintsha sokuthuthukiswa impahla eluhlaza eshalofini.

Nenzuzo ka umkhiqizo kawoyela e-Russia

Inzuzo umkhiqizo kawoyela eRussia impela high, futhi, njengoba sithole, imboni ukujamelana umthwalo ekwindla kaphethiloli ukuze $ 30. Namuhla ukuhweba Urals brand ezingeni 61,77 zamadola. Ukuwa izotholakala kuphela isabelomali isimo ezweni. Uma inkampani izosebenza "ukugxila", ngeke ukwazi ukukhokha endaweni yomcebo isimo, kanye Ukuvalwa ephelele egatsheni "umvuzo" isimo hhayi ngaphansi kwezigidi ezinhlanu abangasebenzi. Namuhla, zikawoyela ngenxa isimo sezomnotho ezweni futhi ngenxa yokuthi dollar lukhula, uzama ukhiphe namafutha ngemali ubuncane. Zama ukuzalisa imali ezinkampanini zabo, izimali ayeke buyekeza, ukumisa ukuhlola umonakalo futhi esiphezulu imishini alula kwentengo. Isibikezelo uthembisa yenyuka intengo kaphethiloli esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, ukuvela izimali ezisalayo kanye isinxephezelo okwesikhashana izinto kwezindleko ivinjiwe. Uma amanani aphansi emakethe uwoyela izobanjelwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, izinkinga ngeke kudingeke ukuba hhayi kuphela embonini kawoyela, kodwa futhi ukuze isimo njengoba enjalo. Yize uwoyela kakhulu eRussia, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ensimini, njengoba iye yasungula kakade amaphrojekthi selinciphile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imboni angase abhekane ukuwohloka, uma iphesenti kanzima uwoyela kuyokhula. Namuhla u-70% ukukhiqizwa Imininingwane. Ngenxa yalokho, izindleko izinto zokusetshenziswa kuzokhulisa, okuyinto uzolunga embonini cishe ezingenanzuzo.

Ngenisa kuphela insalela

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinkambu asebenzayo uwoyela Russian unikeze eziphansi last, ungakhohlwa mayelana lokuthi insalela ukuthekelisa woza kuphela, ivolumu lamafutha okungatholakala isimo yokuqothulwa. Nakuba ukunciphisa ivolumu ukukhiqizwa ukuthekelisa kuyodingeka lutho ukuthumela. Kukhona kungenzeka ukuthi iRussia ngokushesha kabusha oluthathwa kusukela isithekelisi i ongenisa. Ngenxa yalokho, uwoyela Russian ngoba ruble izotholakala kuphela kuleli zwe, futhi izindleko fuel izofakwa ngumbuso ngokwayo, ngaphandle ukugxila zezimali zomhlaba. Isimo siyefana - eChina, lapho, ngokuba izwe wesine ngokuya umkhiqizo kawoyela emhlabeni uphoqelekile ukuthenga uphethiloli. Isimo jikisa dlulile ngo-2004. Indonesia, kuze kube muva nje ilungu yangaphambili OPEC, manje ngenkuthalo ukuthenga izinto zokusetshenziswa. Ukuphathwa singenziwa, futhi Romania, kuze kube muva nje enikeziwe igolide black Europe okuyinto manje uqobo othenga ukukhwezelwa Kazakhstan neRussia.

Isimo emakethe uwoyela yasekhaya

Njengoba asebenzelana ngayo umbuzo ukuthi kubiza malini uwoyela Russian, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhoxa bebheke isakhiwo emakethe yasekhaya. Kulinganiselwa kwesikhashana futhi generalized, kusukela 60 kuya ku-80% wemakethe endaweni amasevisi Oilfield ziqasha izinkampani ezine entshonalanga. It Schlumberger futhi Baker Hughes, Weatherford futhi Halliburton, lona wamuva manje ukumuncwa esebenzayo ye Baker Hughes. Imisebenzi izinkampani akuvunyelwe kulawulwa unswinyo ebekwa Melika neRussia. Kukhona amathuba aphezulu ukuthi izinkampani ekusungulweni ka umkhakha Russian ngokuphelele kunqanyulwe, kodwa isiqinisekiso esemthethweni leli qiniso akuyona. embonini kawoyela Russian kakhulu kakhulu sincike ukungeniswa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusebenza eshalofini Arctic, ngaphandle iqhaza Ochwepheshe base-United States futhi imishini yabo akunakwenzeka. Mayelana 30% umthamo isamba nophethiloli kuleli zwe inikezwa yi frekinga. Drilling ephambuka nemithombo ovundlile, zobuchwepheshe ucwaningo Geophysical ku kuhlanganiswe ukwaziswa okutholakalayo, lwenteke by ongoti angaphandle ngokusekelwa izinhlangano zabo esebenzisana nayo. Ukupheliswa ngokubambisana ne-United States uthembisa ukulahlekelwa okukhulu imiqulu uwoyela ongahluziwe kanye waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi izindleko zawo. Yiqiniso, lokhu kumane nje omunye ngentuthuko Cishe izinkolelo-mbono, okungaba noma wamukele noma ungamukeli njengoba iqiniso.

Kungani izindleko uwoyela Russian kungase kwandise?

At izindleko uwoyela kuthintwa izici eziningi, ezisukela izindleko imishini oil-producing ekuthuthukiseni intengo imali entsha amaminerali. Ongoti ehlelekile bahlola izici ezithinta intengo umthombo, ezifana namafutha, isivuno umhlahlo akuyona akuve kududuza. Izinkampani zikawoyela baye baba nezinkinga ekukhiqizeni carbon, nokuthuthukiswa amasimu amasha kudinga utshalomali abalulekile. Ngokwe-Ministry of Natural Resources, embundwini inkathi izinsiza kanzima emi, isilinganiso sabo isivele kuka-70%. Ukukhathala reserves uwoyela emasimini bendabuko esikhathini esifushane kungabangela ukwazisa abalulekile izindleko umtfombolusito. Ezinhlelweni ezithuthukisa emasimini uwoyela e kude, bona kwamiswa landfills ezikhethekile kule saseTomsk Region, Khanty-Mansiysk District, iTatarstan. abaholi Abaningi embonini kawoyela igcile yokuthi eminyakeni yamuva izinga uwoyela Russian liwohloka. Kukhona isidingo ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha kuya evulekile okwengeziwe uphethiloli. Naphezu isifiso waseRussia ukutshala emkhakheni futhi ngcono ikhwalithi uwoyela ekhiqizwa, wonke amaphrojekthi zisekhona amaphrojekthi kanye izinkampani zasekhaya uqhubeke ukusebenzisa netinsita letikhona. Ngokwabo njengoba inkampani okwamanje akanalo netinsita letikhona ukutshala izimali zami kule sesimanje ukukhiqizwa futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezivela filtration amanyela ukuthi ukunciphisa izindleko zalo emakethe futhi kuthinte izinga. Imboni isebujameni static futhi zikawoyela asalinde ukwanda intengo legolide abamnyama.