Ukungabi khona kwemisebenzi yomthetho Okun sika

Kungasebenti abangasebenzi ophoqelelwe zabasebenzi, ezivukayo ngenxa yakhoibrium njalo linamazwi phakathi kwaneliswe isidingo phezu emakethe yezabasebenzi. It bungabonakala enjalo isihambile lokuzwakalisa izimvo zayo, njengoba yokuzithandela (kokukhuhlana), sakhiwo, cyclical, zobuchwepheshe, ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, nezinye ezifihliwe.

Ngenxa izici ezihlukahlukene, lizinga olusemthethweni Izinga labangasebenzi kuyinto akuhlali, ngoba abangasebenzi ezifihliwe (kulesi sigaba futhi kufaka phakathi abantu bendawo kusukela ezifundeni anabantu abaningi) ku elikhulu kakhulu kunabo bonke abanye zinhlobo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izibalo ezisemthethweni musa usicabangele lapho isibalo izakhamuzi abangasebenzi ngubani bayeka ukufuna umsebenzi (musa bhalisiwe e-exchange zabasebenzi), kanye labo abafuni ukusebenza (abantu abanjalo abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1-2 emazweni ezinkulu emakethe athuthukile ). Laba bantu nje abekho ngoba izibalo ezisemthethweni. Konke lokhu kuthinta kweswela eningi bengasebenzi.

Ukubaluleka sibalo izinga lokungasebenzi. Le mali Kulinganiselwa ukunquma inani elathathwa kazwelonke umnotho Mkhiqizo Domestic ngokuqondene nalo. Ukuze osomnotho, umthetho Okun sika eveza ukusalela GDP usuka inani layo ezingaba khona.

American Usosayensi A. Oukenu yehlulekile ukufakazela ukuba khona kwamandla ubudlelwano phakathi ivolumu umkhiqizo inani elikhulu lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi. Lobu buhlobo seyaziwa ngokuthi umthetho Okun sika. Ngokusho kwalo mthetho, kwenkululeko umkhiqizo kazwelonke inhlukanozigaba ukuze isibalo sabantu abangasebenzi kuleli zwe. Nge ukukhula kwesibalo sabantu abangasebenzi 1% inani GDP yangempela kuyehla okungenani 2%. Kusukela abangasebenzi yemvelo akunakugwenywa futhi kungokwaphakade, sokubalwa lokusalela emuva kazwelonke umkhiqizo ivolumu kuphela cabangela abangasebenzi ngokweqile. Lokhu bawubheke, ngasendleleni, namuhla ejwayelekile kumazwe esithuthuke kabanzana.

Ukuze ukuhlola izinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi zemvelo wamukele ukuthatha elilingana 6% we inamba isiyonke yabantu enamandla. Ngaphambili, eminyakeni engaba ngu-30-35 edlule, wayezimisele 3%, okusikisela ukuthi umshikashika ukuhamba ikhuphukile (lokhu kuholela ekwandeni e abangasebenzi yokuzithandela) kanye NTP likhuphuke (ukhula kwemisebenzi). Esikhathini sethu, inani labantu abangasebenzi ngokuvamile ephakeme kunaleyo izinga yemvelo, okuyinto, ngokoMthetho Okun sika, okuholela ekulahlekelweni GDP emakethe izwe.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uMthetho Okun kubonisa i lobudlelwano. Khulumela ke wukuthi, kuncike kwaqobe mnyaka e umkhiqizo kazwelonke okungenani 2.7% of isibalo sabantu abangasebenzi Kuyokwenziwa okufanayo futhi ngeke idlule amagugu zemvelo. Ngakho, uma imingcele komnotho omkhulu akakwazi yokunqoba isithiyo esibangwa amaphesenti amathathu, izinga lokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ezweni lukhula.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uMthetho Okun akasiyena umthetho oqinile, esisebenza isibili wenziwa ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo. Kunalokho, kungamandla kuthrendi has izwe ngalinye kanye inkathi yesikhathi ukulinganiselwa.

Rising abangasebenzi has nemiphumela ezilandelayo ezimbi: kukhona underutilization, ukwehla ka bezikhali zabasebenzi yezwe, izinga lempilo uwohloka, okwandisa ingcindezi ukubaluleka inkokhelo, okwandisa imali yomphakathi ku ushintsho ukwelulekwa career noma nokuvuselelwa sosebenzayo, inani amacala.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezithinta izinga lokungasebenzi, imi kanje:

- lwenhlangano kwezomnotho - isimo ingqalasizinda emakethe, zabasebenzi, ekushintsheni amafomu enhlangano nezinhlaka zomthetho izinhlangano kanye namabhizinisi azimele, izinguquko ezihlelekile emnothweni;

- Economic - wenzuzo amanani, izinga wayenemfuyo, isimo lapho utshalomali, uhlelo lwezimali kanye credit, futhi lo mbukiso kazwelonke;

- lobuchwepheshe nezomnotho - NTP ijubane, isilinganiso ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo iyona e imikhakha ehlukene emakethe yezabasebenzi, izinguquko ezihlelekile emnothweni;

- lokubala ubuningi babantu - okuzala, ukufa, yobudala kanye ocansini isakhiwo sabantu, ubude bempilo, izinkomba kanye imiqulu kufuduka notshwala.