Umnotho emakethe kanye nomnotho kuhlelwe: izici eziyisisekelo futhi umehluko

Umnotho emakethe kanye nomnotho kuhlelwe, njengoba umthetho, kukhona eziphikisayo. Letindlela benezingane eziningi umehluko oyisisekelo. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

Uhlolojikelele

Umnotho emakethe kanye nomnotho kuhlelwe ngokuyinhloko kuqhathaniswa kwezombusazwe. Lesi sakamuva, ngokukhethekile, elihlobene ne-capitalism. Ngakho ngokuvamile kusho kwezomnotho ovulekile isakhiwo ukuthuthukiswa. Kuhlelwe umyalo umnotho ezihlobene ndawonye. Kulokhu, khumbula isimo ezithile umnotho eminyakeni Soviet. Ngakolunye umnotho umugqa emakethe kanye nomnotho kuhlelwe ziqhathaniswa yi inqubo yokusikwa ukuhlanganiswa. Esokuqala exchange, kanti eyesibili - zobuchwepheshe indlela.

tack

Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi emnothweni emakethe kanye nomnotho kuhlelwe ayikwazi iboshelwe uhlobo oluthile kuhulumeni. Lesi sikhundla ulungisiswa izizathu ezilandelayo. Ochwepheshe ukuthi umnotho emakethe namuhla, hhayi kuphela akasalanga, kodwa kunalokho ngenkuthalo usebenzisa ukuhlela. Ikakhulukazi, it is kabanzi izinkampane ezinkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emlandweni capitalism eyaziwa, kodwa ngokuphelele isimiso sezomnotho okuhleliwe. Leso simo, isibonelo, kwenzeka ngo-Germany ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Izwe uye wasebenza uhlelo kanzima ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ukuzivikela ngenkathi ecacisiwe ngesilinganiso sesizwe sonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigomo ecacile for nokuxhumana izimboni ahlobene.

Imininingwane ukuhlanganiswa zabasebenzi

Professionalization kanye kwamangqamuzana asetshenziswa emkhakheni ukusebenza ukuze aphumelele zokukhiqiza. Basuke kwavuzwa ukuhlanganiswa emsebenzini. Yena, ibangelwa ukwakha noma ukucubungula ngamaketanga, noma ngokusebenzisa exchange of value emakethe. Inketho yokuqala ingasetshenziswa kuphela ekwenzeni imisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Asinakusho ukuthi uba kwesisekelo umnotho okuhleliwe. Sibangelwa yokuthi ukhiqiza futhi okuhloswe ukukhiqizwa ngokuhambisana ukuhlaziya imisebenzi yebhizinisi kanye isimo umphakathi. Lokhu, kudinga ukusetshenziswa emakethe nemingcele. Ngeke ngokuthi kanye indlela ukuhlanganiswa ngokusebenzisa exchange demarcates ezimbili ibheka umumo wezomnotho. It ithatha ngokuqinisekile isikhundla kuqala, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo indlela yochungechunge zobuchwepheshe isetshenziswa umnotho emakethe. Isibonelo, lokhu kwenzeka ngo-elihambayo ukukhiqizwa.

Umehluko ukhiye

Ukuze uthole isimiso sezomnotho libhekene impendulo engeyinhle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kuyoba khona ukungafani phakathi amazinga ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo iyona isakhiwo uzofuna ukunciphisa. Le nqubo ubizwa ngokuthi control. A differentiator ukhiye izakhiwo kanye nezenzo njengoba imininingwane ngendlela ukunciphisa lokhu ukungafani. Ngesisekelo emnothweni ulwazi lokuthi uhleleni - eyodwa, sibhekwe nomthethonqubo unolwazi. It Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukukhiqizwa. Imodeli emakethe ngesikhathi osithandayo, isiqondiso ezizimele. Kuyazeka ngokusebenzisa amanani.

Izimpawu emnothweni emakethe

isakhiwo Economic siqukethe nezikhungo zomphakathi nokubusa, amabhizinisi, umphakathi. Zonke lezi zinkampani nihlanganyele nge phambili bese ukuhlanekezela link. Okwazekayo, ke kuvunyelwe uthi ezimbili ezeqisayo ohlelweni lokulawulwa. Eyokuqala ihilela bikho eliphelele ukuphathwa emabhizinisini kahulumeni. Amankampani kuleli cala, ezizimele ngokuphelele kanye nalezo ezizimele. Bakhululekile ukuba bafeze imisebenzi yabo, enze exchange imisebenzi. Lokhu kuwuphawu jikelele womnotho emakethe. Noma yimuphi umthelela kungaba avuse izinguquko. Noma kunjalo, uzokwazi ukuzivumelanisa naso, njengoba it has nesilinganiso esithile ukuzinza. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inhlekelele ukukhiqiza ngokwedlulele lu- ukumphelezela. Kuthathwa ngu theorists njengoba umkhiqizo kohlelo isicebi, hhayi ukusebenza emakethe. Phakathi amabhizinisi isetshenziswa imodi ikakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe umsebenzi ukuhlanganiswa phakathi izinkampani ezimbili - exchange.

Ngokucacile wesi

imodeli Market akudingi ejensi kahulumeni izitshalo. Uneziqu ikhono ukuzithiba. Ihlala eqinisweni lokuthi abakhiqizi bazame ukushintsha ukubaluleka imikhiqizo kuqhathaniswa nomphumela yakhoibrium kwesidzingo. Ukuguquka kwakhe kuhloswe ekulondolozeni ukulinganisela yentengo. Njengoba isenzo ukuzithiba indlela, monopolists ayikwazi unomphela wandise izindleko izimpahla. umkhawulo wayo kuzokhawulelwa yokwenqatshwa funa.

izinzuzo

Umnotho emakethe inikeze wagxila kuphela ku ukugcwaliseka exchange enenzuzo kakhulu. Ngamanye amazwi, imodeli ingalulandeli imisebenzi ephathelene nabantu kanye namanye. Ngezinye kokufa komzimba ayifakiwe indlela ehlelekile ukuthi kunakwe, akuzona zonke izici nemiphumela. Qondisa inzuzo advantageously kuphela. Regulation ngaphakathi ohlelweni esikhathini esifushane by amanani ekushintsheni. Ngenxa isici esiyinhloko salo imodeli ijubane ke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi intengo isiqondiso ayicushiwe ukukhiqizwa inertia. Isihloko imikhiqizo, ephendula nesidingo ngokuzenzakalelayo, acishe kweso izindleko futhi nge Ukwehla ezithile ngokusebenzisa dolobha ukutshalwa kwezimali kule mikhakha enenzuzo kakhulu.

Kuhlelwe umyalo umnotho

Lesi yisihloko sesibili isimo okwedlulele Isimo sezomnotho. Elinye igama layo - umyalo zokuphatha. Ukulawulwa Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa maphakathi ejensi wombuso. Kulokhu, ngaphakathi kwezomnotho sphere impendulo phakathi izinhlangano kuyinto kunalokho ebuthakathaka. Enterprises bathola iziqondiso kusukela maphakathi. Iphinde wamukela amasignali kusuka umphakathi nabakhiqizi. Eqinisweni, imodeli zokuphatha-umyalo usebenze ngokungabi bikho loMqondisi emsebenzini. Lokhu kuchazwe iqiniso lokuthi zonke izinqumo zenziwa phakathi nendawo futhi abazitika phansi. Le modeli is NEMPUMELELO ngempela. Nokho, izimo ezingaqinisekile komnotho tekusebenta kuhlelwe zidinga isakhiwo ephelele kanye central kudivayisi ehhovisi, ukutholakala isofthiwe kuyashesha futhi kuthembekile impendulo siteshi.

imisebenzi

Uhlelo nalehleliwe umnotho kulindeleke. Ngakho-ke, kusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka Ekuthathweni futhi zisebenzise ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi. Nokho, abakwazi zingancishiswa kuphela emnothweni. Imisebenzi ukuthi zingaxazululwa ngosizo mthandazo oyisibonelo, futhi baxoxela sphere kwemvelo, ukuzivikela, omphakathi namanye. Basuke wahlanganyela ukuthuthukiswa efanele ejensi wombuso. Uma lokhu sekwenziwe ukuhlaziya simiso isimo umphakathi ziyabhekelelwa amasignali evela emphakathini, futhi izindleko ubuchwepheshe okunye amaphrojekthi ukuhlolwa. Ngo operation evamile oluhambisana isibonelo nezidingo Kwenziwa hhayi ngentengo, kodwa ngokulungisa ukukhiqizwa. Nokho, indlela emakethe angasetshenziswa ezimweni ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukulungiswa intengo isetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukusweleka umkhiqizo.

isimo Lesisemkhatsini

Ngakho ukuthi ushintsho kusuka lohleliwe emnotfweni emakethe. isimo esinjalo libhekene yokuthi isakhiwo ukuphathwa izici samanje zombili onobuhle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo in the state ukwedlulela ubudlelwane kukhona ushintsho ezinhlakeni zikahulumeni kwezomnotho, hhayi nje izingxenye ngabanye. Abacwaningi abaningi Russian kanye angaphandle izimpawu ezilandelayo i esigabeni esimaphakathi:

1. Priority kokuhlukana ukumelana naye.
2. Ukuqinisa we nentuthuko engalingani emnothweni, esizibonakalisa ezihluzekile ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele.
3. Ukwanda randomness, ithuba, discontinuity.
4. Ukuthuthukisa multi-okufana kanye nehlukile intuthuko yomnotho.
5. Ukwanda kwenani izingxabano, yezingxabano futhi ukungqubuzana emphakathini ngenxa ukungafani izithakazelo.
6. Ukuvela futhi ukusebenza kwetinhlobo letikhetsekile zesikhashana.
7. Komlando isimo Lesisemkhatsini.
8. I ngokucacile eziphikisanayo.

Ngaphambi bonke ababekade uma uthi sezenhlalo kwaba umsebenzi owodwa - ukuya ekuphatheni kuhlelwe ukuba uhlobo emakethe. It is ezinqunywa nguhulumeni ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, wonke amazwe iyaguquka kwadingeka ukuthambekela jikelele.

Ukuxegiswa isakhiwo

Luhilela ukwethulwa iphakethe izinyathelo ezihlose ngesikhathi ukuncipha ezinkulu noma ukuqedwa imikhawulo enqabelo. Ukuxegiswa siphinde sihlinzekele nezinhlelo ezihlanganisa ukususwa ukulawula isimo uqapha zonke izici zokuphila ukuphathwa. Abacwaningi ukuhlonza eziningi izindawo ezibalulekile zebhizinisi. It kuqala intengo ukuxegiswa. Luhilela ukususwa ukulawula isimo phezu inqubo kumiswa izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona ushintsho ukuze zamanani kuhambisana izinkomba ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo iyona. Ngaphezu kwalokho kwenziwe ukuxegiswa ukuphila kwezomnotho imisebenzi. Ezaqedwa le ayitholwa isimo emsebenzini kwezomnotho, amathuba ekwenzeni ibhizinisi. Izinguquko baqale futhi namanye amazwe. Iphinde wasusa ayitholwa samandla ubudlelwane kwezomnotho nabalingani angaphandle, evula indlela yokuba ithole zezimali zomhlaba kubakhiqizi yasekhaya.

ukuguqulwa Bezakhiwe izikhungo

Njengengxenye shintsho, ukwakheka entsha imodeli kwezomnotho. Lokhu kungabi sengxenyeni noma umkhakha othambile futhi cross-ukungalingani ezisele isakhiwo odlule. Ushintsho lokuqala uhlelo ubunikazi. nekuhlelwa kabusha kwetikhungo ehilela ukudalwa izimo ukusebenza umbuso omusha kwezomnotho. Lokhu kufezwa ngokushintsha izikhungo zomthetho kanye kudalwa ingqalasizinda ezifanele, yencazelo degree of iqhaza ukulawulwa isimo.