I-quota ukuthekelisa, nezinye izinkomba nokuvuleka kwezomnotho

Vula umnotho ubhekwa izwe lapho iningi izimakethe, sphere futhi imikhakha yezomnotho ukufinyelela evulekile izinhlangano angaphandle. Emashumini eminyaka amuva, ngenxa izinguquko ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe, emazweni amaningi aqala ukuba nibe ngabakaJesu kwelinye lamazwe ne iminotho evulekile.

Izinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu nokuvuleka kwezomnotho - iqhaza yohwebo emhlabeni (value ezithile ezithumela kwamanye amazwe ekukhiqizeni, inani angaphandle ukuhweba quota), kanye isisindo eyisihlobo angaphandle isihlobo utshalomali basekhaya. Ngu izinkomba ngokuphelele zihlanganisa, isibonelo, ukubaluleka nokuthengiswa kwempahla (amasevisi) ngokuya imali lengenako. E-US, bangamaphesenti angaphezu kuka $ 3.200, eRussia - mayelana 700 zamaRandi.

Esikhathini imvelo evulekile yomnotho womhlaba, isimo elawula ukuthuthukiswa emnothweni kazwelonke ngosizo t. N. intela kanye lengakhokhelwa izithiyo. Ukwandisa usayizi tariff osebenza ku nentela yezimpahla ezingena. Ngo-1948, phakathi kwamazwe - amalungu sivumelwano World Trade Organization yathinteka, kusukela ekuqaleni isenzo zazo phezu kulezizinsuku ezingeni imisebenzi namasiko yehlile kusukela esilinganisweni 40% kuya ku-5-7%. Manje asizakale ngokuyinhloko ukukhonza izindlela lengakhokhelwa.

Kuyini lokhu? Okokuqala - quota. Foreign ukuhweba quota - ngilo phezu yokuthekelisa noma yokungenisa izimpahla ngokuvumelana inombolo yabo noma izindleko eziphelele. Quotas asethwe okwesikhathi esithile, futhi kukhona kokubili jikelele (ukusetshenziswa umphakathi), kanye ekhethekile:

- zemvelo eziveza ukulinganiselwa ngenxa umkhawulo kudonsa ophezulu, isib, uwoyela noma port ezikhumulweni;

- ezehlukile (afakwe esiphuthumayo ukuze kuvikelwe emakethe yangaphakathi futhi ukulondeka kwezwe);

- tariff (Ukuze silinganisela yezimpahla ezingena ngesikhathi encishisiwe duty-free izinga noma izimpahla, okuyinto basuke amazwe okwedlula umkhawulo, intela ngesilinganiso esigcwele.);

- ukuthekelisa futhi ukungenisa.

Export quota - umqulu elilinganiselwe nokuthengiswa komkhiqizo. Ivame iqondiswa emazweni onguchwepheshe nokukhishwa izinto ezithile eluhlaza njengendlela elithile intengo njengoba sinjalo. Ngakho, i-quota ukuthekelisa kuyinto inkomba ambalwa of ukubaluleka umnotho kazwelonke ukuthekelisa uhlobo oluthile umkhiqizo noma izinto zokusetshenziswa. Kulinganiselwa isikhathi esithile njengoba amaphesenti ivolumu imikhiqizo elithekelisiwe (ubuningi noma inani) ubukhulu bale production ezifuywayo.

Endabeni ka yokuzithandela ukuthekelisa quota imikhawulo kuvame esungulwe ukudiliva ukuthekelisa yisivumelwano zamazwe amabili noma isivumelwano samazwe ngamazwe.

isivumelwano esinjalo unganquma yisabelo wezwe ngalinye nokukhishwa umkhiqizo oluthile (isib, uwoyela). Futhi, i-quota ukuthekelisa Ungaqala nguhulumeni ukuze:

- ukugcwaliswa ezanele emakethe yangaphakathi kulolu hlobo mkhiqizo;

- imikhawulo nokuthengiswa kanye kuqiniswa lezimpahla amanani emakethe yasekhaya;

- ukuqinisekisa ukulingana yohwebo ibhalansi futhi kuvikeleke izidingo zezimboni kazwelonke;

- izinqubo zomthetho ukuze kwaneliswe isidingo iyona we emakethe yasekhaya;

- kulondolozwe kwemithombo yemvelo;

- ephendula yokubandlulula izinqubomgomo yokuhweba yamanye amazwe.

Ngenisa quota ukugwema ukuncika ukungena esimweni wokwehla isitokwe imikhiqizo ebalulekile (ngenxa yezimo zezulu noma ezinye) futhi ukhonza njengesisebenzi ithuluzi izingxoxo nokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo kazwelonke.

Isabelo uhlelo ngaphezulu ithuluzi nezimo futhi okuqhubekayo inqubomgomo angaphandle kuka izinguquko tariffs, njengoba muva nje isungule imithetho kazwelonke izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, ngaphezu kwalokho, kukwenza kungenzeki ukwandisa quota yokuthengisa ngenxa ngamanani aphansi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokucaphuna State kungase basekelwe ukuze abakhiqizi ezithile kanye umkhakha.

Kwamalayisensi namanye amazwe ingaba njengesihluthulelo yesimiso quota noma njengoba ungulotimele ithuluzi ukuchayeka. Ilayisensi (ukugunyazwa uhulumeni) ingakhishwa ukwenza kanye nokuthekelisa namazwe angaphandle imisebenzi noma ivolumu yabo. Isetshenziselwa kwenkathi ethile maqondana nezimpahla kazwelonke nangezinye izikhathi eziningana. Esikhathini Russian Federation angaphansi namalayisense ilungelo ukuthekelisa izimpahla ngaphansi quota, kanye kanye nokuthekelisa namazwe angaphandle imikhiqizo ethile yentuthuko ekhethekile (wezempi, amatshe ayigugu kanye izinsimbi, kanye nabanye.)