National Technology Initiative (NTI). izinhlelo zokweseka State

Inhlalakahle labantu encike ngqo kwi isimo emnothweni kazwelonke. Inkinga Russian eminyakeni yamuva, esadaleka ngenxa ukwehla hydrocarbon amanani, kanye waphinde wabonisa isidingo izinguquko ezinqala. National Technology isinyathelo yakhelwe ukuze kubonakale izinhlaka ethembisayo komnotho uzishukumise. ukuthuthukiswa yabo kuzobandakanya ukuthuthukiswa lonke umnotho futhi kuzosiza ukuba akwazi ukunqoba izingqinamba ukuncika hydrocarbon amanani. Kubantu, lokhu kusho ngelula ukuphila futhi ekuthuthukiseni izinga layo.

uhlelo sokuqukethwe

National Technology Initiative (STI) njengoba isiqondiso sayo saqale baziswa ngokomthetho ngo-December 2014. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi lapho uMongameli Russian V. Putin eye kugcizelelwe ke emyalezweni wakhe Assembly Federal uhlonzwe izikhulu lababukene nekwetfulwa kwalolu hlelo. Ingqikithi yalo-STI ukukhomba imikhakha ethembisa komnotho ukusungula amabhizinisi Russian. Nge isinqumo kahle isu enjalo kungaletha zezigidi zamaRandi ngo inzuzo esikhathini esizayo. Russia uzokwazi ancintisane amazwe amaningi futhi buthola emakethe emhlabeni. Ukunakwa enkulu ikhokhelwa izimboni ahlobene nobuchwepheshe eziphambili. Enye yezindawo kwezokwelapha, ngokukhethekile, kuba i extension zokuphila. Nokho, impumelelo le-STI incike uhulumeni hhayi kuphela. Uhlelo isimo of ukwesekwa ngokuqinisekile kubalulekile, kodwa ukunakwa kakhulu kufanele inikwe ukudalwa uhlelo oluyimpumelelo, amaphutha umsebenzi ukuthi bachazwa ngokushesha futhi isilungisiwe. Ngokwe isiqondiso umqondisi "ochwepheshe Young" Dmitry Peskov, neZifo ezithathelana ngokoCansi kufanele kube uhlelo kuqala, matrix control. National Technology Initiative akufanele kubhekwe njengento engeyona njengesisekelo ukudalwa isakhiwo esikhulu isimo.

inkulumo zomlando

Umqondo "isinyathelo kazwelonke zobuchwepheshe" lalisetshenziswa umbiko kuNgqongqoshe Wezemfundo Eyisisekelo kanye Science Dmitry Livanov emhlanganweni Ephakeme KaHulumeni yesikhathi sesimanje nesimo somnotho kanye nentuthuko ezintsha ngo-September 2014. Kwakungenxa ukuthuthukiswa project okuhlobene ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa entsha (NTP). Inhloso yakhe yayiwukusiza ukusheshisa imboni. Le phrojekthi lithole isimo National Technology Initiative (STI - STP). Nokho, sikhuluma kuphela ngoDisemba 2014. Lokhu kungase kuqubule Isithakazelo saba ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi i-STI elinikwe ukunakekelwa okukhethekile e uMlayezo uMongameli we Russian Federation kuSigungu Federal. Njengoba kuhlelwa, National Technology Initiative kufanele abe ithuluzi ngawo Russia uzokwazi ukuthatha isikhundla okuholela izimpahla namasevisi izimakethe. Kuziwa kuqhame isidingo sokwenza izinqumo amasu kwesokudla.

Ukuze umbuzo mayelana amathemba

Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi liyobe linjani emnothweni esikhathini esizayo. Ngokwesibonelo, namuhla yezindawo ethembisayo ezibhekwa ezokuthutha izinhlelo ezihlakaniphile. ukusebenza kwawo lihlanganiswe ngokuqondile ukudluliswa kwedatha. Ngakho omunye umkhakha ukudansela isiginci sakhe omunye. Enye kugxilwe ekuthuthukiseni air zokuthutha, okuyinto wayeyobe enikela ukuncipha okukhulu esikhathini kudingeka ukuthutha izimpahla nabantu futhi yayihamba. Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uzokhetha ongabonisa isikhathi kuphela. Ngokwesibonelo, kowezi-2000 ekuseni, kukholakala ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kuyoba revolution eRussia, elihlobene ne-nanotechnology. Ngo-2006, izinga elindelekile ukukhula kule makethe 40% ngonyaka. Kodwa lokhu akwenzekanga. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa the project yentuthuko nanotechnologies eRussia ayizange kwaholela kabusha kwetimboni izwe, noma ukuqeda ukuncika izinto zokusetshenziswa, hhayi yanda ezingeni sokukhula komnotho.

izinto eziza kuqala

-STI ubulokhu nomqondo uhulumeni waseRussia ukusebenzisa oda uMongameli we Russian Federation. okubizwa ngokuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha yezimboni babé injini yentuthuko zihlonzwe. Kufanele engabe ukuzisebenzisa ukwakha uhlelo kazwelonke design, ukumodeliswa ezishintshayo izimboni olwazini. Amaminithi omhlangano KaHulumeni ngo-September 2014 equkethwe uhlu ubuchwepheshe ingasekelwa ngaphansi wengulamakhwa. Phakathi kwabo:

• ubuchwepheshe lengetiwe.
• Kusho wamarobhothi ezishintshayo, ohlakaniphile zokuhamba izinhlelo.
• Ubuchwepheshe design ngezinto zokwakha kanye izakhiwo.
• Esebenzisa ukukhiqizwa digital.
• Ubuchwepheshe software yasekhaya ezidingekayo ukwakha umkhiqizo.

izinkomba Okufanayo ehlongozwayo kanye Ministry of Industry of the Russian Federation. Eminyakeni yamuva, izinhlelo nakwezobuchwepheshe ezisetshenziswa kuwo wonke amazwe athuthukile esanda athuthukile. isipiliyoni Umhlaba ebonisa ukuthi ukuqaliswa yabo kunikela abalulekile umthelela kwezenhlalo noma kwezomnotho futhi ivumela ukuba uqinise ukuncintisana emnothweni kazwelonke.

Indlela ukwabiwa izimakethe

Akubalulekile nje kuphela ukuhlanganisa imizamo ibhizinisi, isayensi kanye uhulumeni, kodwa futhi ukuthola iphuzu ilungelo labo lokusebenza. Ngakho-ke, i-STI kufanele esekelwe ukubikezela eside, lapho udinga ukucacisa ukuthi iziphi izinselele uzobhekana Russia eminyakeni 10-15. At inhliziyo National Technology Initiative esekelwe imibono eyayisinesikhathi ezilandelayo:

• Esizoqala - idinga abantu abashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
• Izimakethe ngekusasa - inethiwekhi ukwakhiwa yayo.
• isikhathi Ukuhlela - 2018-2035 ngonyaka.

izimakethe-STI abelwe ngesisekelo nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

• Ivolumu omhlaba 2035 - angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-100 aseMelika.
• Okwamanje, akukho emakethe noma kungekho kwamukelwa kabanzi amazinga zobuchwepheshe.
• Umumo kwalenhlangano ekusebenzeleni abantu njengoba umsebenzisi sekupheleni.
• Uxhumano ukwakhiwa emakethe lapho abaxhumanisi esikhundleni software.
• Ukubaluleka bubanti Russia ukuqinisekisa izidingo eziyisisekelo zabantu futhi ukulondeka kwezwe.
• Ukuba khona imvelo RF ukufeza inzuzo yokuncintisana.
• Ukuba khona osomabhizinisi belwela ukudala izinkampani ezintsha zobuchwepheshe kule makethe.

Ukuhlolwa bezikhali Russia

Njengengxenye-STI kulindeleke ukuthi sidale amathuba amasha izimakethe zobuchwepheshe eziyisishiyagalolunye:

• EnergyNet.
• FoodNet.
• SafeNet.
• HealthNet.
• AeroNet.
• Marinet.
• AutoNet.
• FinNet.
• NeuroNet.

Omunye izinkomba engasetshenziswa ukuhlola ikhono ubuholi isimo ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa, inombolo kwemibhalo patent enyatheliswa kuye. I igunya eliphelele le nkomba kungokwalabo China. Cishe ingxenye yabo bonke patent ayinikwa ngaphambili njengokubekwe ka 2015 zaba China. Russia akufakwanga eziphezulu ezingu-10 kule inkomba. On the Russian Federation ebangela% 0.18 kuphela isibalo emhlabeni wonke amadokhumenti okulonda izixazululo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. izinkampani zobuchwepheshe Foreign bhalisiwe eRussia patent izikhathi 4 ezingaphezu kuka izakhamizi.

Izingozi nokugxeka yephrojekthi

Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa-STI eRussia lihlotshaniswa lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:

• Portfolio umhlali Russian patent kaningi esingaphansi lamazwe ahamba phambili ubuchwepheshe obusha ukukhiqizwa. Phakathi kwabo kukhona amazwe ezifana China, US, iJapan kanye nawase-South Korea.
• Kufika 60-95% of the Russian Federation patent okunikeze ku-non-izakhamuzi Russia.
• Emhlabeni emkhakheni ubuchwepheshe obusha yezimboni izinkampani okuholela. ERussia, ngokujwayelekile patentees enze ucwaningo kanye nezikhungo zemfundo.

isimo samanje ezindabeni

Emhlanganweni we iqembu ukusebenza "-STI", eyasungulwa Agency for Strategic Izindlela owawusedolobheni ngoJuni 22, 2016, wadingida amathemba ukwethulwa eRussia of teleportation (imiyalezo evikelekile), ukukhulumisana quantum zihlukanise isiRashiya. Injongo iphrojekthi enjalo ukunciphisa ukulahleka kusukela kubugebengu obuku-e 2035. Kulindeleke ukuthi lezi zinyathelo kuyosisiza ukuba siqhubeke 0.1% we-GDP. SafeNet project ihlanganisa ukudluliselwa eziningi izinkampani zokuxhumana 5G ejwayelekile, ukudala inethiwekhi izikhungo yokuvikela labantu kusukela Cyber izinsongo, ukuthuthukiswa ohlakaniphile ekhaya ukuphathwa izinhlelo, wokusebenza, izimoto ezizimele kanye izilimi ihlanganiswe. ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yokuxhumana quantum ehleliwe 2035 ku Russian Federation, ezizohlinzeka ukuxhumana okuphephile ngokugcwele. Ukuze ukugcwaliseka kwale phrojekthi edingekayo ruble yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 10. Futhi iningi umbuso kufanele sikhokhele, kuhlanganise ngokusebenzisa ibhizinisi dolobha izimali nezikhungo ezithuthukisa.

okutholakele

Ukuphumelelisa Russian ubuholi kulezi isiqondiso ohlosiwe-STI kudinga umzamo ongavamile. ukukhiqizwa Ubuchwepheshe obusha, obusebenzisa ngokungangabazeki zinethuba ekuthuthukiseni umnotho, kodwa kukhona izinselelo ezikhona ezweni okubalwa ukuqaliswa kohlelo okuhleliwe. Laba yini ikhambi labo kudinga ukugxila eside. Nokho, okuhlangenwe nakho nemave emhlaba kukhombisa kutsi impumelelo lobuholi zobuchwepheshe kungenzeka esikhathini esifushane kakhulu isikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, China kwathatha iminyaka engaba ngu eziyisikhombisa kuphela. Ngesisekelo yalo mphumela kumiswa abasebenzi, amanyathelo isisekelo olukhona, ukuxhumana phakathi amanyuvesi kanye ibhizinisi.