Isakhiwo ezincane ithambo. Ikakhulukazi amathambo aqatha

Lab 'isakhiwo ezincane ithambo "ajwayelane zonke wesikole. Wonke umuntu ukhumbula ukuthi kwaba ngenxa izici of isakhiwo solwazi yomzimba inohlelo kahle ehlelekile kwezitho, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba umzimba emkhathini.

okusho locomotor

traffic wokukatelela uhlelo siqukethe amathambo, imisipha kanye nemisipha ukuthi ukuxhuma kubo. Le ndlela yokwenza obunobunye lapho umzimba emise izitho zakhe zangaphakathi kakhulu evikelwe umonakalo mechanical, izingxenye ngabanye futhi wonke umzimba Ungahambisa emkhathini. Kubaluleke kangakanani lesi sici? Movement - lokho ekuphileni. Kuyinto omunye izimfanelo eziphilayo kanye ukuphefumula, ukukhula nokukhiqizwa zazo siqu. eziphilayo eziningi inamathelisiwe yokuphila. Ngokwesibonelo, otshala. Kodwa izimpawu ukukhula ukunyakaza ngaselangeni.

Ukuze umzimba womuntu lo msebenzi obalulekile inikeza isakhiwo amathambo.

osteocytes

Isakhiwo ezincane ithambo imelelwa amaseli ayo. Zibizwa ngokuthi osteocytes. Sinenkosi fusiform noma star emise, esikhulu, round-nucleus. igama ehunyushiwe kula maseli kusho "ithambo."

Esikhathini cytoplasm ka osteocytes ambalwa izakhiwo yeselula unomphela ngokuthi organelles. Uma sibheka kubo ngesibonakhulu, kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa izakhi ngazinye mitochondria kanye reticulum endoplasmic.

ithambo amaseli isici esibalulekile futhi esigqamile. It itholakala lokuthi ukuthi omdala kwakhiwa umzimba osteocytes bazolahlekelwa amandla Kuhlukanisa kuphinde kuqaliswe inqubo zokukhandleka ukuguga.

ithambo izicubu

Isakhiwo kanye nokwakheka komuntu amathambo aqatha ngenxa izicubu namathambo. Siqukethe amapuleti ngabanye ezakhiwe osteocytes, nempahla intercellular. Bone izicubu uhlobo zezinzwa. Sici Its sici kuyinto semali lomcebo intercellular, lapho amaseli olulodwa ezithunyelwa.

Vele ahlelwe futhi bone. Its izidakamizwa intercellular ezakhiwe Imicu collagen namaminerali, esiwuhlaka olusungulwe wamaprotheni nemvelo.

Lab 'isakhiwo ezincane ithambo "

Cabanga lolu hlobo izicubu ngaphansi kokukhulisa okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokubukeka, isakhiwo ezincane ithambo sifana inethiwekhi. kwakhiwa isakhiwo okunjalo ngokusebenzisa eziningi mncane amaqhubu osteocytes, kuhlobene. Le nethiwekhi onika amathambo amandla. Ngenxa yokuba khona we collagen ethandele, aqukethe amaprotheni contractile, ithambo uyakwazi kokucindezelwa nezingxabano.

Isakhiwo ezincane ithambo sibalo ngezansi sibonisa kahle kakhulu.

I chemical ukubunjwa amathambo

25% of the ukwakheka ingqikithi ndaba amanzi. Amaphesenti okufanayo zaba ngu izinto eziphilayo. Ngokuyinhloko lokhu collagen amaprotheni nokunwebeka kokuba isakhiwo fibrous. Unika amathambo impahla, ezifana kuyaqina. Ngokwesibonelo, isakhiwo se- bone cortical kuyivumela ukumelana nomthwalo 1.5 tonnes. Minerals ethulwa ngokuyinhloko phosphorus kanye calcium nosawoti. umsebenzi wabo ukuqinisekisa nobulukhuni kanye namandla we amathambo. Kuyinto engayitholi kubaluleke ngokukhethekile kulezi zingxenye trace ngesikhathi kumiswa skeleton wengane. -Calcium eningi imikhiqizo yobisi, okusabhontshisi, iklabishi, utamatisi, Sorrel futhi zamajikijolo asendle. Phosphorus itholakala imikhiqizo yezilwane: inyama, amaqanda nenhlanzi.

okuhlangenwe nakho okuthakazelisayo

Isakhiwo ezincane ithambo has izici zayo siqu. Kodwa lokho ketshezi kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwale ndwangu? Ukuze uqonde lokhu, ungachitha isipiliyoni.

Bone ayifake i isixazululo aqueous of hydrochloric acid. Ngenxa yalokho, bonke amaminerali siphela. Bone kuba nezimo ukuze kalula kuwo axhunywa ngesimiso ifindo. Kodwa-ke kuyoba umzimba yethu ayibanga isisekelo nokusekelwa.

Uma calcined ithambo on ukushisa low kakhulu, kancane kancane ke oxidizes zonke izinto eziphuma ezintweni eziphilayo. Ngenxa yalokho kwezicubu ezinjalo zingase sidilike.

Omunye siphetho: neqembu ngalinye izinto enamathiselwe amathambo izakhiwo ezithile, okwenza le indwangu eliyingqayizivele futhi esisemqoka umzimba womuntu.

Ukwahlukaniswa amathambo

Kuye ukuma mathambo ayindlu amaqembu amaningana. Long, okubhekiselwa kuzo nangokuthi ijabulise, yakha umgodi ngaphakathi. Ligcwele isakhi esithile esikhethekile - ophuzi umnkantsha. Kuyinto ecebile okunamafutha izicubu, uyasondla sinamathela emathanjeni, bese udlala indima ebalulekile izinqubo umzimba. Lezi amathambo, sibonga izici kwesakhiwo, sihlanganise amandla futhi ukudlala. Izibonelo lawa kunawo wonke - the Ithambo elide ngomzimba womuntu, brachial, osabalalayo, nabanye. Izindonga ezifana kwakhiwa compact ithambo izidakamizwa. unit Its kwesakhiwo iyona osteon, eyakhiwa ezikhethekile bony amapuleti. Inhloko amathambo eside yakhiwa lomcebo sithambile, izinhlayiya okuyiqembu obomvu umnkantsha - sezakhiwo igazi-ukwakha umzimba.

amathambo iDemo kukhona amathambo, isihlakala, metatarsus. Futhi izibonelo eziningi - lomshini bese ukhalo. Basuke kwakhiwa izidakamizwa ogxile sithambile.

Kungakhathaliseki isakhiwo, ithambo ngamunye embozwe ungqimba phezulu ezicutshini - periosteum.

Phezulu kakhulu

Isakhiwo ithambo cortical inquma title yayo ye isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi eside. Futhi lapha lifushane indlebe ithambo - stapes. Ubude bayo esingaphansi 3.5 mm. Ithambo eziqine - emhlathini.

amathambo Isimanga kanye nobungako babo. Cabanga: unyawo omuntu lwakhiwa amathambo 52. Kuyinto cishe ingxenye yesine yezikhulu ingqikithi. Kuvele iqiniso elithakazelisayo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inani amathambo kuyancipha njengoba ekhula. Ngokwesibonelo, umntwana osanda kuzalwa of mayelana 300, njengomuntu omdala, lesi sibalo ngokulambisa sifinyelela 206. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ezinye amathambo, ezifana skull tho ndawonye.

ithambo ukukhula

Man ozalwa skeleton lapho isakhiwo ubuswa uqwanga. ukuguqulwa kwalo ku bone ihlala okuyisilinganiso seminyaka engu 20-24. Okulandelayo ayeke ukukhula kwabo. Ngakho-ke, ukuze sihlanganyele emidlalweni eminingi odokotela beluleka esemncane lapho skeleton namanje ngempela nokunwebeka. Isakhiwo ezincane ithambo ivumela ukuba bafinyelele iziphetho, bangakunaki lokho izakhi wenza ukukhula kwabo. Isendlalelo engaphakathi periosteum inikeza ukwanda ukujiya. Ukukhula obuphelele kwenzeka ngenxa ukuqoqwa uqwanga amaseli elise enisemikhawulweni amathambo.

Sakhiwo uxhumano lamathambo

Ingxenye ngayinye yezinkulungwane lwamathambo omuntu efeza imisebenzi yalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuxhuma amathambo ngezindlela ezahlukene. Uxhumano fixed ibizwa ngokuthi umphetho. Kuyinto isakhiwo lapho ziboya elilodwa ithambo kufakwe omunye sekhefu. Ngenxa amathambo asemzimbeni ikhanda. Uma uthi nhlá, kungase kubonakale ngisho ukuthi ugebhezi siqukethe nelilodwa ithambo eliqinile. Ngakho kuhle lokhu kuhlobana. Futhi kukhona akusiyo ngengozi, kodwa ngokuqondene nesidingo sokusebenza. Ugebhezi ivikela ubuchopho ekulimaleni mechanical ngesikhathi izingozi. Futhi amathambo eyodwa kuphela uxhuma ephathekayo. Kuyinto umhlathi ongezansi.

uxhumano Nezimo lamathambo ibizwa ngokuthi ngokuhlanganyela. Kuyinto ngokusebenzisa lokhu kuxhuma futhi kukhona ukunyakaza komzimba zayo. Yiziphi izici isakhiwo amathambo ngokuhlanganyela? Ikakhulukazi, iqiniso lokuthi omunye ikhanda liyingxenye ushona we nezinye. Amaphuzu lokuxhumana embozwe uqwanga hyaline nge surface bushelelezi. Lesi sakhiwo kusiza ukuphungula ukuhilizisana phakathi ukunyakaza.

Ukuvikelwa engeziwe kusuka esisuka kuyinto egobolondweni lelunga, oluzungeze ke ngaphandle. Ngaphakathi iwuketshezi ekhethekile, nakho kunciphisa ukuxabana. Ngu imisipha ngokuhlanganyela capsule enamathiselwe nemisipha, okuholela ngqo ke siyahamba.

uxhumano yeselula amathambo kuhluke sici esibalulekile. Lena yinombolo motion izimbazo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuhlanganyela amadolo kuyinto ezimbili-axis, futhi ivumela ukunyakaza hip ezindaweni ezintathu.

Kuhlukile sakhiwo yomgogodla womuntu. Amathambo akhe uxhumeke kwi-izingqimba ngazinye uqwanga. Lona ngokuhlanganyela semi ezihambayo wethambo. Uqwanga ungqimba uyakwazi kokucindezelwa nezingxabano. Zinikeza ukuhamba kule ngxenye skeleton kuphela ngaphakathi kwemingcele ethile. Nokho, isakhiwo esinjalo inikeza umphumela mfutho ukushaqeka, cushioning uthuthumele ngesikhathi ukweqa okungazelelwe nokunyakaza.

Isakhiwo lwamathambo omuntu

Uhlaka lwamathambo njengesisekelo of the system zemisipha inezingxenye eziningana. Uhlaka lwamathambo lwekhanda noma skull, evamile ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: ubuchopho nobuso. Okokuqala umuntu has a Usayizi evelele, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ukuthuthukiswa zobuchopho - ngumgogodla isimiso sezinzwa. esifubeni skeleton ihlanganisa yomgogodla futhi ubambo yezinyoni, enokwethenjelwa ukuvikela izibilini ngalo ingaphakathi esifubeni. Isibalo amathambo emzimbeni womuntu ulingana 33-34. Lokhu 7 wesibeletho, thoracic 12, emihlanu lumbar, ezinhlanu sacral tho ndawonye, 4-5 coccygeal. Abokuqala ababili babo - Atlanta futhi epistrophe - zixhunywe zinemiphandu, ngakho inhloko uyakwazi ukuhambisa. By the way, inani amathambo wesibeletho wonke amalungu ekilasini efanayo ezincelisayo futhi eziyisikhombisa. isamba okunjalo kuyinto indlovu, futhi igundane ensimini. Umahluko owokuthi kuphela ubukhulu.

ehlombe Skeleton kanye nebhande okhalo omelelwa clavicle futhi scapula ngenhla futhi tho hip amathambo ngezansi. Lezi inamathelisiwe esitho khulula: ehlombe, ibhodi lemisindo, isihlakala, obumba khulula esitho elingenhla kanye hip, umlenze ngezinyawo - engezansi ngokulandelana.

Ngakho, imisebenzi eyenziwa ngenxa izakhi isakhiwo of the system zemisipha, kusukela ezincane kuya izicubu kanye nezinga umzimba womuntu izitho.