Umnotho wezombangazwe wesifunda

Imvelaphi yalesi sikole ngekhulu le-17 ngenxa yokuthi imfundiso yokuqala esemthethweni yezomnotho - i-mercantilism - isiphelelwe yisikhathi, futhi ayikwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezibhekene nomnotho ngaleso sikhathi. Umnotho wezombangazwe wezombusazwe, ukhokho owaziwa yi- W. Petty emhlabeni wonke , wadlulisela ekubunzeni kwawo izigaba ezithile, engingathanda ukukhuluma ngazo ngokuningiliziwe.

Isigaba sokuqala - ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 nasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18, lapho uW. Petty eNgilandi, noPierre Boisguillebert eFrance baqala ukuthuthukisa amalungiselelo amasha alolo suku ngokuphathelene nezindaba zezomnotho, ezasheshe zaguqulwa zibe yingqondo njengesikole esikoleni sezomnotho wezepolitiki.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi esikoleni samabanga aphansi phakathi nekhulu le-18 lesi simo esithakazelisayo sathuthukiswa njengokwenyama, umsunguli wawo uFrancois Quesnay. Abamele lo mkhuba bafaka ezolimo phambili, bakholelwa ukuthi kuphela okwenza umkhiqizo. Futhi, isibonelo, ama-smith afanayo ashintsha nje izinto ezikhona, ngakho imisebenzi yabo ayibalulekile kakhulu.

Isigaba sesibili sixhunyaniswe ngokuphelele no-economist ovelele u-Adam Smith, umsebenzi wakhe othi "I-Wealth of Nations" (1776) okwamanje ibangela isithakazelo esikhulu kunazo zonke zesayensi. Isandla sakhe esidumile "esingabonakali emakethe" sabonakala njengomqondo ovelele waleso sikhathi futhi isikhathi eside sabonakala njengelona elilodwa kuphela elilungile. Okubalulekile ukuthi kunezimiso ezithile zomgomo ezifakazela ukuthi noma yikuphi ukucinga okuzuzisa umuntu kuzoqhubeka kuholela ekuzuzeni umphakathi wonke. Kanti, imakethe yindlela yokulinganisa phakathi kwezintshisekelo zabadayisi nabathengi.

Isigaba sesithathu (cishe ingxenye yonke yokuqala yekhulu le-19) sabonakala ngenguquko, ngokuyinhloko eNgilandi, ekukhiqizeni okuzenzakalelayo, okwenza kube lula ukuguqulwa kwezimboni. Umnotho wezepolitiki wangaleso sikhathi owasungulwa nguD. Ricardo, T. Malthus, J.B. Yisho.

Esikhathini sokugcina, sesine, esithatha ingxenye yesibili yekhulu le-19, uKarl Marx, okokuqala, ukukhiqizwa kwemisebenzi emihle okwethulwa ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngenkathi kwakukhona isikole samasiko wezomnotho wezepolitiki.

Kumele kuthiwa ukuthi lesi sikole sibizwa ngokuthi umnotho wezepolitiki wezombusazwe. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokuqondile nalokhu umnotho wezombangazwe wezombusazwe wathola intuthuko yayo, njengoba abamele begxile ekuvikeleni izithakazelo ze-bourgeoisie. Iziphakamiso zakhe ngokungahambisani nezwe emnothweni wama-classic zaziphikisana nemibono yezintatheli zezemidlalo ezazisetshenziselwa ukusabalalisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinqubomgomo zokuvikela.

Umnotho wezombangazwe wezombangazwe uyisifundo esiyisisekelo sezinqubo eziningi zezomnotho ngesisekelo sokungacabangi nje nokucabangela, kodwa izifundo zokufunda. Ngakho ama-classics ahluke ne-mercantilist empiricism.

Umnotho wezombangazwe wezombangazwe ubhekwa yizici ezilandelayo:

1. Isisekelo se- theory ye- labor of value. Ama-Classics athi noma yimiphi imikhiqizo ibaluleka ngokwemigomo eminingi yokusetshenziswa kwayo.
2. Umbuso kufanele unciphise ukuphazamiseka emnothweni.
3. Umbono wezinhlobo zakudala unamathele emkhakheni wokukhiqiza, kanti isigaba sokujikeleza sithatha indawo yesibili.
4. Isigaba esithi "umuntu wezomnotho" sesethuliwe, okungukuthi, kuphela ukuthi wonke umuntu ufuna ukuzuza, kepha izimiso zokuziphatha nezokuziphatha ziyasinakwa.
5. Imali yayingakhishwa kakhulu, iningi lemisebenzi yabo yayingacatshangwa. Imali nje into engasetshenziswa ukushintshanisa izimpahla.
6. Ukuthembela kwabekwa: amaholo amaningi, ukwanda okukhulu kwabasebenzi, futhi ngokufanayo.

Ngakho-ke, umnotho wezombangazwe wezombusazwe imfundiso eyashintsha i-mercantilism, ngenxa yezici ezithile (ukuthuthukiswa kobudlelwane bemali, ukuqedwa kwenqubo yokuqoqwa kwemali , njll) akuzange kugcine ijubane nentuthuko yezomnotho yomphakathi ngaleso sikhathi. Nokho, ngenxa yesayensi, kokubili ama-currents anenani elimangalisayo futhi lifundwa ngentshisekelo hhayi kuphela ngabomnotho.