Zokuwuhluza Russian

Amafutha udaba bezilokhu ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto obaluleke kakhulu emnothweni zanoma yiliphi izwe.

Umlando walo zokuwuhluza Russia waqala kusukela 1745, kusukela osukwini lapho inkampani yokuqala yasungulwa on emfuleni Ukhta abazalwane Chumelovymi. At inhliziyo imikhiqizo yayo walala abajwayelekile, kodwa efanele kakhulu ngalezo zinsuku, iziketekete nezinye zokugcoba.

Namuhla Russian yokucwenga amafutha umkhakha ubhekwa impumelelo. Growing inombolo amabhizinisi, futsi elincane lelikhulu, ngenxa yenzuzo okwandayo ukucutshungulwa "igolide omnyama". Okuhle kunakho konke ukuthi imboni ithuthukiswe esifundeni Central yezwe, kanye kule Tyumen futhi Chelyabinsk izifunda.

zokuwuhluza Russian ukukhiqiza kakhulu uphethiloli, iziketekete udizili, rocket, jet fuel, amafutha fuel, amafutha motor, ibitume, uwoyela ongahluziwe coke, njll Iningi kulo bayizinkulungwane eduze yokumba uwoyela eyenza izinkampani hhayi ukuchitha izimali ezongeziwe supply of izinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngemva ukucutshungulwa, umkhiqizo osuphelile zithunyelwa umsebenzisi sekupheleni.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko, okuyinto eyenziwa zokuwuhluza e Russia - it is a ezijulile yokucwenga amafutha. umjikelezo yabo ukukhiqizwa ngokuvamile yakhiwa eluhlaza impahla ukulungiselela inqubo, eyinhloko uwoyela Ukudlalwa m amafraktjhini kabusha ebandakanya kwemifantu okhanda amanye amathuba, ukuguqula, coking futhi hydrotreating yokuhlanganisa amafutha esiphelele.

I zokuwuhluza esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia zitholakala ku Central, eSiberia futhi iVolga izifunda federal, ebangela amaphesenti angaphezu kwamashumi ayisikhombisa wekhono wezwe. Lokhu Neft-Omsk femu futhi Angarsky, Antipinsky (Tyumen) Afipsky (Krasnodar) Krasnoleninsky (Khanty- Mansyisk) Ufa (Bashkiriya) njll On insimu yezihloko umholi Russian e ukucutshungulwa eyinhloko uwoyela Bashkiria.

Russian kuhluzwa khona uwoyela ingxenye enkulu uvele ezweni lakithi ngemva kwempi: esingashintshi kuze kufinyelelwe esikhathini 16 zazakhiwa phambi 1965, emelela ezingaphezu kwesigamu namuhla ekhona. Nokho, esikhathini yizinguquko kwezomnotho ngo-1990 kule umkhakha kwaba nokwehla okuphawulekayo amavolumu ukukhiqizwa. Lokhu kungachazwa kalula: Ngalezo zikhathi kakhulu lehla yangaphakathi ukusetshenziswa uwoyela, okuholela ukhwaliti ongaphakeme komkhiqizo, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ongaphakeme Coefficient ukucutshungulwa ukujula, awela amaphesenti 67,4. Futhi ngo-1999 i-Letayelekile wakwazi zokusondelana namazinga eMelika nase Yurophu.

Kuphela eminyakeni yamuva kulo magazini ephawuleka ukhondolo, kuwuphawu okwakukhona ukutshalwa okuphawulekayo nefteperabotku ukuthi, ekuqaleni kudlulwe ruble 40 billion ngonyaka 2006.

Ngakhulela ukujula Coefficient ukucutshungulwa, ngoba ngo-2010, uVladimir Putin isikhipha umyalo wangenqabela ukuxhuma labo elisha othelawayeka zokuwuhluza eRussia, lapho akazange afinyelele ku-70%, uma ucabangela ukuthi lezi zinkampani esibi udinga sesimanje. Isibalo mini-zokuwuhluza eRussia namuhla indlela kuziwa angamakhulu amabili namashumi amahlanu.

Futhi ekupheleni 2012 kuhlelwe ukwakha femu waseRussia ngobukhulu uwoyela, etholakala ekupheleni iphayiphi edabula East eSiberia ePacific Ocean, lapho lokucubungula umkhiqizo ukujula kuyoba mayelana amaphesenti angama-93, okuhambelana ezingeni kufinyelelwa izinkampani efanayo US .

Ahlanganisiwe kweziningi umkhakha yokucwenga ezweni lethu olawulwa izinkampani eziyishumi ezinkulu ezifana "Rosneft", "Lukoil", "Bashneft", "Surgutneftegaz", "TNK-BP", "Gazprom", njll