Kazakhstan umkhakha: fuel, amakhemikhali, amalahle, uwoyela

Kazakhstan - omunye ehamba phambili abalingani kwezomnotho eRussia. Bobabili amazwe eduze izibopho zomlando kwezomnotho, okungase nakakhulu lwaqiniswa ukuhlanganiswa okwengeziwe yamazwe kohlaka EAEC. Kazakhstan - umlingani ebaluleke kakhulu Russia ngokuya zezimboni imikhiqizo exchange. Yiziphi imininingwane esikhiqiza imikhakha yomnotho Kazakhstan sika?

Oholela umkhakha umkhakha we-RK

Kazakhstan imelelwa eziningana ekuholeni umkhakha izingxenye:

- embonini yamalahle;

- yokusansimbi;

- fuel futhi Petrochemical umkhakha;

- Khimprom;

- umkhakha ukudla;

- ukukhanya umkhakha;

- ukukhiqizwa zokwakha.

Cabanga imininingwane yabo ethize.

embonini yamalahle

Embonini yamalahle e Kazakhstan - phakathi izimboni ezinkulu, hhayi kuphela e Kazakhstan kodwa futhi wonke endaweni yezomnotho EAEC. Izwe - phakathi abaholi ngokuya lengenako izimayini zamalahle labantu, kanye amasheya. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke izinqolobane zalo bagxila Central Kazakhstan, kanye e-North-East of the state. Okunengi amalahle athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, Kazakhstan elibhekene nezinye ukushoda amalahle okuqondene isigaba eliphezulu, ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa endaweni zomphakathi, kanye namabhizinisi, lapho usebenza uhlobo ezifanele kubhayela. Ukumboza nezidingo zomnotho kulolu hlobo carbon may umthamo ukunwetshwa ingxenye okuhambisanayo. Ikakhulukazi, kungase kube nokwenyuka ezibalweni ezigcwele ukukhiqizwa Izinga Pavlodar esifundeni. Amalahle okwenzeka lapha zinezikhathi ngezinga eliphezulu lokulinganisa, kulula yokucebisa, izindleko ukulungiselela yabo kusukela ingaphakathi kuncane.

yokusansimbi

Phakathi imikhakha eziholayo Kazakhstan umkhakha - yokusansimbi non-ayoni. Kazakhstan ukhiqiza high quality ithusi, zinc, titanium, futhi ezihlukahlukene ezingavamile emhlabeni izinsimbi. Imikhiqizo kungathatha ifomu sokuqashwa. RK - phakathi abaholi bezwe ekukhiqizeni zethusi, omningi walo it is zithunyelwa eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Kazakhstan - umdlali okuphawulekayo global igolide emakethe. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-170 emasimini.

Imboni Metallurgical Kazakhstan futhi ithuthukiswe ingxenye okukhiphayo nsimbi. RK - phakathi abaholi bezwe ku amasheya kwezinhlobo ezifanele. Ingxenye enkulu zigcine libhekwa njengoba zitholakala kalula. I amavolumu eyinhloko netshe yensimbi akhiqizwa RK ukuthunyelwa.

Metallurgy - phakathi kwamagatsha umkhakha Kazakhstan, okuyinto isungule ubuhlobo obuseduze kakhulu nezinkampani Russian. Lokhu ikakhulukazi kungenxa yokuthi esikhathini esiningi nezokuxhumana ezifanele ezazakhiwe ngisho eSoviet Union. Phakathi amabhizinisi Kazakhstan SSR futhi RSFSR ngaleyo ndlela kwenziwe exchange asebenzayo of izinto zokusetshenziswa, isizinda, kanye izikhala. Ngezindlela eziningi zokuxhumana ezifanele namanje sisebenza. Kukhona zonke amathuba oluqinisayo yabo eminye - ikhumbula yokuthi Russia nase Kazakhstan manje kungenzeka okuhlangene nakakhulu kwezomnotho ngaphakathi EAEC.

Okokhelekayo futhi Petrochemical Imboni

Embonini kawoyela e Kazakhstan - kungenye ezibalulekile wemboni komnotho isimo. Ngo Kazakhstan kukhicite anhlobonhlobo imikhiqizo yohlobo ehambisana - uphethiloli, udizili kanye uwoyela fuel, iziketekete zezindiza kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi uwoyela. Lomkhakha eyakhelene ukuthuthukiswa ingxenye Petrochemical. Izwe ukhiqiza izinhlobo ezahlukene zepulasitiki, endwangwini, amathayi.

Ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa embonini kawoyela e Kazakhstan - ukuthi yisibonelo ukuhlanganiswa ngempumelelo amabhizinisi kwasobala nokwabantu ngabanye. Okokhelekayo umkhakha Kazakhstan umelwe corporations hhayi kuphela ezinkulu, kodwa futhi amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo. iqhaza obusebenzayo ukuthuthukiswa embonini kawoyela Kazakhstan sika nazo ukuthatha zimali eziningi angaphandle. Imboni ukukhwezelwa Kazakhstan uhlala ezikhangayo amabhizinisi ababevela eRussia nakwamanye amazwe we EAEC, emazweni entshonalanga.

ubunjiniyela

Mechanical ubunjiniyela - Nasi esinye isibonelo sokubaluleka ezibalulekile izimboni Kazakhstan. Isimo ukhiqiza imishini izinjongo ezihlukile, imishini, amaphampu. Enterprises Kazakhstan isakhiwo umshini umkhakha ukukhuthalele ubambisana zimali angaphandle - Russian, Western, abameleli EAEC - I-edonsa ukutshalwa kwezimali. isiqoqi sama-softwe e Kazakhstan wakhula ijubane palpable maphakathi nawo-kowezi-2000, abanye ukwehla ubekade inhlekelele 2008-2009. Kodwa ubunzima yathinteka, futhi manje zomkhakha - kuhlanganise izingxenye ezizinzile umnotho yembuso.

isiqoqi sama-softwe e-Republic of Kazakhstan - kwemboni has isithembiso esibalulekile ngokuqondene nokuba khona amandla ngokwanele ezinkulu - kusukela ezinsukwini zeSoviet Union, lapho ngokwanele ayisetshenziswa. Manje yisabelo wemboni efanele e umnotho Kazakhstan kuyinto encane, kuba izikhathi eziningana eliphansi, ikakhulukazi, izinkomba Russian. Nokho, kuncike Luhambo ngempumelelo ukutshalwa angase ukwandisa Dynamics okukhiphayo wamabhizinisi mechanical zomklamo Kazakhstan.

ukukhiqizwa zokwakha

Ukukhiqizwa zokwakha - esinye isibonelo umkhakha yimpumelelo, okumelelwe embonini Kazakhstan. Isimo ukhiqiza usimende, amapayipi, ukufulela, linoleum, panel ahlukahlukene, izinto ezenziwe ngobumba kanye neminye imikhiqizo. Umqulu esemqoka ye zokwakha amabhizinisi of Kazakhstan ekhiqizwa ngezithukuthuku imithombo yendalo kazwelonke.

Impikiswano zokwakha e Kazakhstan - ziphakathi kwezinhle izinhlaka ashukumisayo kakhulu. Ngakho, kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2013 ukukhiqizwa kwe-yohlobo ehambisana komkhiqizo e Kazakhstan, ngokusho kwabanye, liye laphindeka kabili. Ukwehla kwamandla, yena, sincike ukungenisa izinkampani Kazakhstani. Uhulumeni futhi ibhizinisi ziye zakhomba iziqondiso ezintsha for ukuqhubeka umkhakha. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngo kohlaka izinhlelo ekhona emisha uyobasekela izinkampani okuholela ingxenye.

chemical umkhakha

Chemical umkhakha Kazakhstan Kubalulekile futhi umnotho isimo. Phakathi ehola ingxenye yayo - ukukhiqizwa phosphorus. Ngokokunye ukulinganisela, Kazakhstan - phakathi CIS abaholi emakethe ukuba adedelwe. Futhi, amabhizinisi ezinkulu ezisebenza ezweni, wahlanganyela ukukhiqizwa chromium compounds, upende varnishes.

Isakhiwo nokuthengiswa Kazakhstan chemical umkhakha ukuthi ubuswa imikhiqizo yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali wezinto ezingaphili, esibonakala by amanani aphansi umkhawulo zobuchwepheshe. Futhi walondoloza kwencika eziphathekayo Kazakhstan ku ukungeniswa imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali. It owandile yena, zobuchwepheshe imikhiqizo - umquba, insipho nomjuluko Plastics. Ngakho, umkhakha amakhemikhali Kazakhstan lungakhiqiza eziphawulekayo ukuze sibe sesimanje. Ikakhulukazi --aspect ukungenisa esikhundleni.

ukudla imboni lehlanganisa tinhlelo

Imboni yokudla Kazakhstan - uphakathi kumasegmenti ashukumisayo kakhulu emnothweni. I share wansuku zonke isakhiwo efanele umkhakha ephethwe okusanhlamvu ukucutshungulwa, ekukhiqizeni ubisi, isinkwa, inyama, izithelo nemifino kulinywe, umsebenzi amafutha nowoyela amabhizinisi. Eside RK ukungenisa ukudla nezidingo. Lokhu kungaba kusengaphambili ukwanda okwengeziwe ingxenye njengoba ithuluzi yokungenisa.

A indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha ukudla Kazakhstan Ubuye uhulumeni omusha. Ngakho, iziphathimandla Kazakh athuthukile Uhlelo emikhulu ukusekela abakhiqizi yasekhaya. Isikhathi esiningi, ke uxhaso, ukuncishiswa zenzalo emalini ebolekwe yenkampani, usizo yokufuna ezimpahleni ezingasuki phansi. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngesikhathi ukuqaliswa imizamo efanele yizinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuze asekele kuhlonyiwe amabhizinisi amaningi isigidintathu Tenge iyitshalwa. Kuyinto futhi ukulungiswa kwezinye zoMthetho imithetho yentela ukuze nokwandisa nokuxhumana ukudla kanye nesimo amabhizinisi isici ngokwabiwa kwemali.

umkhakha ukukhanya

umkhakha Ngibambeni Kazakhstan athuthukile. Ngokuyinhloko, emelelwa amafemu ezisebenza emkhakheni ukotini. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izidingo emakethe yasekhaya Kazakhstan iphakeme kakhulu kunanoma Dynamics samanje okukhipha imikhiqizo ukukhanya umkhakha. Mayelana 90% imikhiqizo efanele e Kazakhstan amazwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuze ngixazulule inkinga yokuntuleka kwezinto yokungenisa esikhundleni, kubalulekile, njengoba kwaphawula u-zezomnotho, ukunikeza eliphakeme ukuncintisana kule mboni. Izisetshenziswa lokhu Yiqiniso. Iqiniso ukuthi umkhakha ukukhanya Kazakhstan libhekene ezingeni lelisetulu imishini nge imishini yesimanje, ehlinzekwa wumnikezeli ehola nemikhiqizo yomhlaba jikelele, kanti kwezinye izingxenye eziningi umkhakha ukwehla kwentengo amafa olufanele sikhulu ngokwanele.

Nokho, Make inkinga esibonisa ezinye izingxenye esikhiqiza yomnotho Kazakhstan sika, asihlali ngaphandle ukunakwa kahulumeni namabhizinisi amaningi, wanquma - kanye nezinye izinkinga agcwele umkhakha e Kazakhstan.

Cabangela lesi sici, kanye amathemba ukuqhubeka imikhakha ithele weRiphabhulikhi Kazakhstan.

Izinkinga kanye amathemba Kazakhstan umkhakha

Ngenhla sibonile ukuthi umkhakha Kazakhstan e-izingxenye eziningi elinesimo ezingeni kahle eliphezulu of ukwehla kwezimali. Lenkinga ibuye obonwa umphakathi emabhizimisi kanye nembuso, ukuthuthukisa izinyathelo ngoba isinqumo yayo ngempumelelo. Enye inkinga ephawula imikhakha ithele weRiphabhulikhi Kazakhstan - ukusetshenziswa kuqhathaniswa eliphansi amakhono. Kuthinta ngokuyinhloko umkhiqizo. Izinga isiyonke zobuchwepheshe RK amabhizinisi zezimboni ukalwe njengabangelutho ekukhiqizeni eziphambili emazweni aseNtshonalanga.

udaba emakiwe ingase iqondiswe ngokusebenzisa imizamo eminingana emikhulu - ezifana, isibonelo, uhlelo kahulumeni "Ukusebenza 2020". Ucela kute kwelekelelwe emabhizimisi ekhona, kanye kuvulwa izakhiwo ezintsha zokukhiqiza. Ngalolu hlelo inkampani, ezimele emikhakheni eyehlukene Kazakhstan umkhakha ungazuza ukwesekwa umphakathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka sibonise ukuthi, okokuqala nje, kukhona isu ukuthuthukiswa, kanti okwesibili - isifiso nezisetshenziswa okwaziyo ukugcina ukuhambisana imisebenzi isimo sesimanje kwezomnotho.

sokuthuthukiswa Kazakhstan umkhakha umsebenzi

Ngaphambi uhulumeni RK ubhekene linani lemisebenti esiphuthumayo, ngaphandle lapho inkululeko nentuthuko ngemphumelelo kwemboni e Kazakhstan ukuze lelisu nzima. Sifunda ngokucacile yabo.

Okokuqala, uhulumeni kufanele akha inqubomgomo yesikhathi eside kule mkhakha umkhakha, okumele nokugxila hhayi kuphela ohulumeni, kodwa futhi ibhizinisi nemibuthano ngokwesayensi. Lemisebenti kumele iqondiswe ekufezeni sesimanje kwesakhiwo wamabhizinisi zezimboni e-Republic of Kazakhstan.

Esinye isici esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha e Kazakhstan - sesimanje zobuchwepheshe. Kusolwa ukuthi oyokwenziwa kanyekanye inqwaba eziningana amabhizinisi ezinkulu. Ingabe sihlaziye intuthuko samanje sesimanje, zinkinga ezingase zivele mayelana nokuqaliswa kwalolu hlelo, futhi ngesisekelo idatha ngeke kushintshwe uhlelo "Ukusebenza 2020". A indima esemqoka ekuqalisweni yalo msebenzi izodlala nezifundiswa.

sesimanje Kazakhstan sika zezimboni nayo idinga ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi abasha - ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokuphathwa. ZamaKhono ukuphathwa - esiyinhloko impumelelo yanoma ibhizinisi. Zobuchwepheshe zempahla - lena eyodwa kuphela kwezimo esasibhekene nazo. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi inhloko yawo ngokuqinile kukhona abaphathi wemfanelo futhi professional kakhulu. Ngokufanayo, impikiswano ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kufanele futhi emkhakheni oqondile amasayithi ukukhiqizwa in the ibhizinisi. Kudinga onjiniyela abanolwazi abanekhono, okwaziyo ukugcina ukubandakanywa ngempumelelo amafa olusha. Sidinga Ochwepheshe oqeqeshiwe imisebenzi ethize ukukhiqizwa.

Ukuze kusetjentiswa ngemphumelelo "Ukusebenza 2020" e Kazakhstan kuyadingeka ukuze bahlanganise nokwabiwa kahle kwezimali. umthwalo ngesabelomali State kulesi sici kufanele babe abalinganiselayo, + ngakho njengoba ukuheha abatshalizimali nalo amabhizinisi angasese - ezisebenza eKazakhstan, eRussia nakwamanye amazwe we EAEC, emazweni entshonalanga.

Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lo sesimanje umkhakha Kazakhstan uyophinde zidinga ukwenzangcono kohlaka wezomthetho kanye nokulawulwa elawula umsebenzi we amabhizinisi we sphere okuhambisanayo. Lokhu kungafaka ezihlukahlukene izici umsebenzi ibhizinisi - ephetha izivumelwano civil-zomthetho, izivumelwano nabalingani angaphandle, izivumelwano utshalomali, amalungelo bokusungula, njll ...

Ochwepheshe alindele ukuthi uhulumeni ROK kuzoqinisekisa ukuthuthukiswa engaba zezimboni, hhayi kuphela ezindaweni yendabuko zokukhiqiza yezwe, kodwa nakwezinye izingxenye ke, lapho nje lokuhlushwa amabhizinisi izimboni sincane, kodwa lungaba ekwakheni izakhiwo ezintsha kukhona okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngakho, kulindeleke ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa ngeke nje umkhakha e Central Kazakhstan, kodwa futhi amabhizinisi ezindaweni, kodwa emuva ngokuya ngenani amasayithi ezimbonini kanye ivolumu imikhiqizo yabo.