Uyini igolide ezimakethe zomhlaba?

Imakethe igolide, eqinisweni, sikhungo lecinisekisa ukuqaliswa izinkokhelo zamazwe ngamazwe, asetshenziselwa utshalomali kanye yomshuwalense ingozi hoarding eyimfihlo ukusetshenziswa ezimbonini nasemizini kanye ukuqaliswa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene zokucabangela. Ukusebenza kwawo Kwenziwa izindleko njalo ekuphumeni amatshe ayigugu, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje enye esihle kwizimali oluyingozi ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka intengo igolide uthathwa njengoba umbandela lapho balinganisela ukusebenza komnotho omkhulu we uthi ahlukahlukene.

Umlando: Imakethe kokuqala kwezomthetho zegolide uvele eLondon ekhulwini le-XIX, futhi kuze kube-yalolucwaningo 60 XX leminyaka, i-main emzini United Kingdom wahlala enkabeni ukuhweba ezweni e amatshe ayigugu. Kuleli qophelo, sifeza kokudayiswa metal misela ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, futhi u-75% yokuthengisa zaba ngemikhiqizo amazwe kusuka eNingizimu Afrika. Ngemva kwalokho, iningi lalezi ukuthengiselana kwenziwa ku Zurich, futhi inhloko-dolobha British ukuthi kulandela kamuva. Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ezithandwa kakhulu indali ekhethekile zegolide, ezizenzile bafeza ingxenye enkulu ukuthengiselana. ukutholakala kwawo ukuvumele IMF kudala njengoba 1880 ukuthengisa 18% isitokwe yayo ensimbini eyigugu, futhi izinyathelo ezifanayo ezithathwe ngesikhathi uhulumeni wase-US ukuze silondoloze dollar.

Incazelo: Ngesikhathi samanje eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke igolide ihlanganisa cishe wonke Uhlelo kwegazi ethandwa ensimbini eyigugu e ngesilinganiso ububanzi, kuhlanganise lokukhiqiza, ukusabalalisa kanye ukusetshenziswa okwalandela. Ngamagama ewumngcingo ngokuvamile umqondo esifanayo esisibona njengendlela ehlukene emakethe indlela, okuyinto elikhuthaza ukudayiswa kwalo mkhiqizo ezingeni lomhlaba wonke jikelele futhi kazwelonke.

Izici: igolide emakethe ngamunye yesimanje inikeza ezimbili izinhlobo zokukhokhelwa. Ifomu yokuqala osebenza ku ukudayiswa oqondile ayigugu bullion metal, kanti eyesibili - Mayelana izindlela lapho umthengi uthenga "iphepha" isitifiketi, eyayibhalwe ubunikazi izinto ezinjalo. Njengoba uhlobo reserve Isikhwama futhi Isikhwama umshwalense igolide isetshenziswa cishe kuwo wonke amazwe esimanje. Kuze kube manje, kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela we IMF futhi ibhange central bagxila amathani 31000 eqoshiwe izinqolobane isimo ensimbini eyigugu. Kodwa okubaluleke ngisho nakakhulu izinqolobane yawo egcinwe ezindaweni zomphakathi, futhi izakhamuzi eziningi usebenzisa zemali nezinto zokuhloba ukulondoloza.

Manje emakethe igolide - ke eziningi izikhungo ezweni lapho kwenziwe ukuthenga njalo nokudayiswa izinsimbi eziyigugu. zikhungo ivezwa izinhlangano amafemu ezikhethekile, amabhange nezinye izikhungo zezimali, ephinde Unelungelo ukukhiqiza ingots. Isiphakamiso yakha izinkampani abathintekayo ezimayini zegolide, futhi ngenxa kwasikhathi sonke e izindleko ezifana imikhiqizo abakhiqizi sebeqala bahlanganyele lokucutshungulwa imikhando refractory.

Abathengi: Amazwe okuyizinto abathengi enkulu ensimbini eyigugu, zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili. Eyokuqala yalezi kukhona ngokomthetho emazweni asethuthukile, ngubani ukuyisebenzisa zonke izinhlobo izimboni kanye nezindawo ubuchwepheshe, kanye enkulu ekwakhekeni ubucwebe. Lezi zihlanganisa eJalimane, e-United States naseJapane, lapho igolide izenzo kube inkomba yokuthi ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe zakamuva instrumentation. Iqembu lesibili kungafaka ePortugal Italy, kanye Asia naseMpumalanga, lapho izinsimbi eziyigugu zisetshenziselwa kuphela embonini ubucwebe.