Uyini lobotomy noma lobotomy?

Lobotomy - ukuhlinzwa ukuze wezifo zengqondo. Ngo inqubo yayo ebhubhisa ukuxhumana Lobe ngokuqondile ukuba ezinye izindawo zobuchopho. Ngenye indlela, lo msebenzi ibizwa ngokuthi lobotomy. Le nqubo ngempela ukushintsha izimfanelo siqu lomuntu. Ekuqaleni asetshenziswa ukwelapha ezihlukahlukene zengqondo ezifana bayasangana ukucindezeleka okukhulu. Futhi lo msebenzi ingasetshenziswa njengoba isilinganiso ingajezisa ngokumelene abantu ukuthi noma ubani "ukugxambukela". Ngemva kokusungulwa izidakamizwa ezahlukene leucotomy saphela kusetshenziswa imithi ngenxa yezizathu eziphathelene nezimiso zokuziphatha.

Ngokokuqala ngqá mayelana ukuthi lobotomy, yabe seyaziwa e 1890. Nokho-ke, amagama kule kokuhlinzwa wayengakabi. Usosayensi Swiss Gottleyb Bakhart wasusa iyizingxenye frontal iziguli eziyisithupha. Ababili babo bafa, lonke zalotshwa njengoba noshintsho ekuziphatheni nezici zobuntu.

Kakade usosayensi isiPutukezi zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili Egas Moniz athuthukile leucotomy prefrontal. Ngalesi ukusebenza ngenxa yokuchitheka amangqamuzana obuchopho ukuthi injected utshwala. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho kwaba khona ithuluzi elibizwa ngokuthi leukotrienes. Odokotela baqala ukuyisebenzisa esikhundleni utshwala, okuyinto ingozi emzimbeni womuntu. With ukuthuthukiswa imithi kwezingxenye zobuchopho kwaqala ukonakalisa kagesi futhi amagagasi kagesi. Ngo-1949, lo dokotela isiPutukezi bathola uMklomelo KaNobel ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe.

Ekuqaleni Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu XX e-United States kwenziwe mayelana 5.500 imisebenzi unyaka ngamunye. odokotela abaningi baye bagxekwa wakhe futhi kubhekwe ngesihluku. Maphakathi nawo-50s ngenombolo yemisebenzi kwehle ngokuphawulekayo. Ngenxa yezizathu eziphathelene nezimiso zokuziphatha, lobotomy wawuvinjelwe eSoviet Union ngo-1950 ngemva ingxoxo eside. Lokho kwenza udokotela odumile Vasily Giljarovsky, ababesazi kahle kakhulu lokho a lobotomy, futhi akazange bakubheka njengodumo noma indlela ukwelashelwa ukuhlukumezeka kwengqondo. Emazweni amaningi, le nqubo yase uvinjelwe, kodwa ezinye izifunda, umsebenzi wenziwe ngokuphepha ngaphambi 70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule.

Lobotomy (ngezansi) iye emabhayisikobho eziningi sasivumela owaziwa namabhuku lapho abalobi ungathanda ukugcizelela unya wezifo zengqondo. Phela, babazi ukuthi lobotomy, futhi uyazi nomthelela ongemuhle ngabanye. Abantu abaningi ababhekene ukuhlinzwa, kwehle ngokuphawulekayo inkumbulo yesikhathi eside. Umuntu wasesiba ngumphefumulo inert ngokomzwelo, ngabandayo.

Kukhona izindlela eziningana lobotomy. Omunye ephumelela kunazo - indlela yangasese, okuyinto eyenziwa ngaphandle kokuvula ugebhezi. Kuphethe i operation ezifana Akudingi ulwazi olukhethekile emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Isiguli okuthwala ngisho yedwa. Nokho, lokhu akukhona ukhetho best, ngoba ukusebenza kuyodingeka benze touch.

Muva nje, isithakazelo ikhuphukile lobotomy. Ikakhulukazi kumayelana ukusebenza ekhaya. Yiqiniso, akunakwenzeka ukuba athobele umthetho, njengoba okwamanje lobotomy (ukubaluleka abaningi kuzwakala kuyihaba) ngokusemthethweni uvinjelwe nguhulumende. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungaba yingozi, njenganoma iyiphi enye nenqubo yokuhlinzwa, olwenziwa hhayi uchwepheshe, kodwa umuntu ovamile. Namuhla, kunezinye, izindlela eziningi ephephile emzabalazweni ezinokuphazamiseka engqondweni, ngaphezu ukhadinali ezinjalo. Ngakho-ke kungcono uthintane onguchwepheshe, okuyinto nakanjani ukhethe ukwelashwa okufanele, kanye ukuphendula noma imiphi imibuzo ephathelene yokuthi a lobotomy ukuthi enjalo, nokuthi kunilungele ukuba aqhube.