Beka ukukhiqizwa platelet. Sakhiwo umsebenzi zegazi

Emincane kakhulu egazi kukhona nama-platelet. Babukeka njengezihlahla a ngemoto yenuzi-DRM. ubukhulu yabo kungenzeka 4 microns, kanye ukushuba - kuze kufinyelele 0.75 microns. Ngamunye ilitha womuntu igazi platelet ivolumu ngesikhathi kusuka 180 kuya 350 x 10 ^9.

Indlela ukubukeka zegazi

Ama-platelet I avele kwehlukana we cytoplasm. Basuke ahlukaniswe omkhulu umnkantsha amaseli - megakaryocytes. Nazo ngokufanayo, ziwumphumela endomitosis. Ngemva ngokwahlukana kwenzeka 3-5 imijikelezo, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho-chromosomes kuthiwa kabili, kodwa cytoplasm akuyona ihlukaniswe. Lokhu ochwepheshe inqubo okuthiwa division akuphelele.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi esikhundleni kumiswa platelet - red umnkantsha. Kule bayaphuma futhi lingene egazini. Kodwa ingxenye yesithathu yazo ngesikhathi esisodwa zibekwe ubende. Lokhu kungenxa kancane ukunyakaza kwabo ezweni uhambahamba izintambo ubende. Asele 2/3 ziya circulating egazini-avareji yamaphesende izinsuku eziyisikhombisa. Ubuningi sesikhathi sokuphila ongafinyelela izinsuku ezingu-12.

Lezi zingqimba nucleation

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi kuba khona izinhlayiya zegazi kulencane igazi, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi indawo kumiswa platelet. Kubalulekile ukucacisa inqubo yentuthuko yabo. Ngakho, kuba nguyise megakaryoblasts. Lo sayizi esikhulu iseli zazo 20 microns ne core. Iqukethe nucleotide. Megakaryoblasts siguqulelwa promegakaryocyte. Lesi sakhiwo uthambekela polimorfizu nucleus cytoplasm wakhe okusanhlamvu-free, basophilic.

Isigaba esilandelayo sokuthuthuka iyona megakaryocyte. Lokhu cell omkhulu umnkantsha, ububanzi lovela microns 60 kuya 120. Kuyinto core anolaka, okungathatha ifomu yinqaba kakhulu. I cytoplasm inkulu ngobukhulu, kuba inclusions luyimbudumbudu pink kanye onsomi.

Isigaba penultimate Akukhona ukubukeka megakaryocyte trombotsitogennogo. Ngemva kwakhe kakade walulama ngqo platelet. Basuke uhlukane megakaryocyte cytoplasm. Konke lokhu kuthatha indawo umnkantsha kuyinto primary site of kumiswa platelet.

Ukuba Wedwa amapuleti

Trombotsitogennye megakaryocytes umnkantsha kukhona phezu endothelial, ebizwa ngokuthi itheku. ukudlula izinqubo zabo cytoplasmic ngalo. Ezinye zazo ukungena itheku inesikhala 1-2 microns futhi zigxile megakaryocyte endothelium. Bayakuba bakhonze njengamaphayona ihange. Okunye izinqubo - ende cytoplasmic itheyiphu obuphelele kuziwa microns 120. Badlula ngokusebenzisa mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi we itheku. Ziyakwazi ngokuthi prothrombocytes. megakaryocyte ngasinye kungaba kusuka 6 kuya kwezingu-8.

ukunciphisa endawo cytoplasm iqala inesikhala itheku. Ngenxa yalokho, kuba ephukile kukhona cishe 1000 platelet ngabanye. Lokhu kumiswa indawo platelet alikhulumi nanokukhuluma eside. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi esegazini nazo ziwe prothrombocytes. Befinyelela microvasculature wamaphaphu, lapho zikhishwa platelet egcwele. Yingakho kukhona okuningi nabo ngemithambo yamaphaphu kuka e imithambo elihambisana. Kuyinto ephawulekayo ukuthi zingase zimiswe ngisho kusuka 7 kuya 17% of the izinhlayiya zegazi edabula egazini.

izinhlobo amaseli

Ochwepheshe ihlukanise izinhlobo eziningana amaseli kulencane igazi. Eceleni isehlane platelet abasha. Kuqhathaniswa amafomu ovuthiwe bona zihlukaniswa usayizi elikhulu, namatshana kwaphela futhi gialomer bluish. kumiswa zabo emathonyeni kwagcizelela umnkantsha, ivame ukuhlanganiswa ne abalulekile ukopha.

Ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokubukeka nama-platelet ubudala. ngaphasi kwesitfombe isibonakhulu Kusinikeza nethuba lokucabangela ukuthi abe usebe ewumngcingo, inani elikhulu vacuoles kanye granules. Ziyahlukahluka wabuka okungajwayelekile, granulomerom Friend ukuthi kungadla lonke platelet. Ngokweqile inombolo yabo ibonisa ukubonakala isimila esibulalayo.

Endaweni ehlukile, walulama izinhlobo ukuluma kwesikhumba. It otshnurovaniya kusukela megakaryocytes avele ukwephulwa yenqubo ngokuhlukana. Ukuba khona kwabo kufakazela yezifo igazi. Bavame ibukeke encane noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlayiya zegazi giant igazi lomuntu.

Ngokuvamile, igazi kumelwe abe ngaphezulu kuka-90% ifomu ovuthiwe-platelet. Sinenkosi simise discoidal nge imiphetho ebukhali, granulomerom liphakathi ahlelwe, esakhiwa 5-20 elimbudumbudu azurophilic, gialomerom Lilac.

izinqubo zokuphila

Ukuvela umnkantsha, amaseli ushiye yindawo kumiswa platelet. By the way, ukukhiqizwa yabo trombotsitopoetinami ngokomthetho. Nazo ngokufanayo, avele hhayi kuphela umnkantsha, kodwa futhi ubende kanye esibindini. Ochwepheshe ukukhomba iqembu ezimbili trombotsitopoetinov. Zingaba eside noma isenzo yesikhashana. Eyokuqala wabo ikhuthaza nokuvuthwa okugcwele kwamangqamuzana ka megakaryocytes, kanti isixuku esikhulu ukuthuthukisa cleavage yalezi amapuleti elincane futhi ukusheshisa Ukungena zabo lingene egazini.

Ama-platelet I ayafa, ogama izithombe kuyabonakala okwandisa, ngokwesilinganiso, kutholakala into ukusebenza ngesonto amaningi. Le nqubo ithatha indawo ikakhulukazi umnkantsha, kodwa futhi ukubola lezi egazi e ubende kanye esibindini. Ukubhujiswa senzeka simiso emangqamuzaneni akhethekile okuthiwa ama-macrophage.

isakhiwo amarekhodi

platelet ngamunye ovuthiwe zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amagatsha amathathu. I-peripheral part ulwelwesi emithathu ungqimba. Sinezinzwa ezenza i-collagen, serotonin, thrombin, epinephrine, Adp. On the ingxenye engaphandle ye-ulwelwesi kuyinto ungqimba ekhethekile amorphous eyayakhiwa izici obhekene ekunqandeni of plasma yegazi.

Ungqimba oluphakathi nendawo kuyinto-ijeli sol. Kukhona iziteshi obukhethekile ukufinyelela ngaphandle ulwelwesi. Futhi microfilaments ungqimba yakhiwa ophethe amapuleti disc emise. I izakhiwo kule ngxenye platelet incike kuyoba njani isihoxiso ihlule legazi.

Futhi isehlane organelles zone. Iqukethe glycogen futhi alpha-granules, emizimbeni obukhulu, mitochondria.

imisebenzi

Funda indlela avele izinhlayiya echazwe elincane legazi, abaningi sebeqala ukuzibuza ukuthi yini eyenza platelet. Basuke okuhlose iqhaza hemostasis, ukusiza imithambo yegazi ukulungisa lilimele. Lokhu kwenziwa sibonga kunokwenzeka yokuthi bangakwazi ezizofakwa izindonga ezilimele ayibuyisele. Futhi, la mangqamuzana kudingeka ukuvimbela ukopha futhi okukhiphayo eyinhloko uketshezi begazi egazini.

Inikeza ukukhishwa wathi platelet imisebenzi izakhiwo: adhesion futhi uquqaba. Ngakho ukubabiza ikhono ezizofakwa subendothelium futhi banamathelane.