Yellow Star: izibonelo, umehluko umbala izinkanyezi

Noma yimuphi inkanyezi - ophuzi, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma obomvu - ibhola red-hot gas. ngezigaba Wanamuhla izinkanyezi kusekelwe nemingcele eziningana. Lezi zihlanganisa izinga lokushisa kwamanzi, usayizi nokukhanya. Umbala izinkanyezi azibonayo ngobusuku obucwathile, luncike ipharamitha kuqala. I ezishisayo kwamalambu aluhlaza noma okwesibhakabhaka, le enomoya - abomvu. izinkanyezi eziphuzi, izibonelo zalo ezingenakususwa ashiwo ngezansi, anesikhundla phakathi kulesi silinganiso lokushisa. Phakathi kwalezi ukukhanya kungena futhi ilanga.

umehluko

Umzimba, eliwu okushisa ahlukene, ihlaba umkhosi ukukhanya nge wavelength ukungalingani. Lokhu ipharamitha uzimisele futhi kuncike umbala ehlweni lomuntu. I emifushane nombono, umzimba kushisa, futhi eduze umbala ukuze omhlophe noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ngoba izinkanyezi.

Ukukhanya obomvu enomoya. Surface lokushisa ifinyelela degrees ayizinkulungwane ezintathu kuphela. inkanyezi Yellow like ilanga lethu, kushisa kakade. photosphere Its sishisiswe 6000º. izibani White red-hot nakakhulu - kusuka 10 kuya kwezingu-20 degrees. Futhi ekugcineni, izinkanyezi okwesibhakabhaka ezishisayo. Surface lokushisa ifinyelela phakathi 30 no-100 eziyinkulungwane degrees.

izici Jikelele

Yellow izinkanyezi, amagama amaningi aziwa kahle nabantu zikude astronomy, ososayensi bathola izinto eziningi ezinkulu. Ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobukhulu, mass, likhanya ngendlela efanayo, futhi ezinye izici. Ajwayelekile anjenge - ukuthi izinga lokushisa kwamanzi.

ukukhanya Yellow angakuthola ngokuhamba kwemvelo. Nokho, iningi lama-inkanyezi esinjalo isendaweni ukulandelana main Hertzsprung-Russell idayagramu. Lokhu okuthiwa dwarfs ophuzi, okuhlanganisa ilanga.

Inkanyezi eyinhloko uhlelo

Dwarfs izinkanyiso ezinjalo ngokuthi ngenxa yobukhulu elincane. Sun ubukhulu ezomhlaba 1.39 x 10 ⁹ m, isisindo - 1.99 x 10 ³⁰ kg. Bobabili amapharamitha siphezulu kunamanye labo nobuntu Umhlaba kodwa emkhathini ongaphandle, akuzona into ongavamile. Zikhona nezinye izinkanyezi eziphuzi, njengoba kuboniswe ekusabeleni ngezansi, kude ngaphambi kwelanga ngosayizi.

Amazinga ebusweni ukukhanya kwethu ifinyelela 6 tysyach Kelvin. Sun libhekisela Spectral ekilasini G2V. Eqinisweni, kodwa-ke, likhipha ukukhanya cishe qwa, ngenxa yesimo wesibhakabhaka planethi is amuncwa iDemo-wave ingxenye bohlu. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka tint ophuzi.

Izici ophuzi yemifino

Small Usayizi izinkanyiso zinezikhathi i nempilo ende umxhwele. Inani isilinganiso lokhu ipharamitha - iminyaka engu-10 bhiliyoni. Ilanga manje elise cishe phakathi emjikelezweni wokuphila, okungukuthi, ukuba uphume kusukela ukulandelana main futhi kuphenduke giant elibomvu, luhlala iminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane 5.

Star, ophuzi, futhi ephathelene nohlobo "yemifino" unamahlangothi efana ilanga. umthombo Energy zemizimba ezinjalo - zamagama ane-helium hydrogen. Ngakusasa kwemvelo isinyathelo they nyakazo emva siqala ikhenela futhi iphela hydrogen amandla omlilo-helium.

Ngaphandle nje kokuthi Sun kuya yemifino ophuzi libhekisela Alpha Centauri A, Alpha Corona Borealis,-Bootes Mu, Tau Ceti nezinye izinkanyiso.

subgiants Yellow

Izinkanyezi efana Sun, emva kokuqeda fuel-hydrogen, kugucula. Kwake kwathi ngo-nucleus ye-izibani helium shining enwetshiwe ibe giant ebomvu. Nokho, lesi sinyathelo kuyobe kungakazukufika masinyane. Okokuqala, baqala ashise engxenyeni engaphandle. Inkanyezi usephendukele main-ukulandelana, kodwa enwetshiwe - kuba enkundleni subgiant. Sisindvo izibani enjalo ngokuvamile kuhluka 1 kuya ku 5 uquqaba welanga.

Yellow subgiant esiteji kungathatha indawo kanye umxhwele nakakhulu usayizi inkanyezi. Nokho, kubo, kulesi sigaba kuyinto kancane evelele. Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke subgiant namuhla - ke Procyon (Alpha Canis Minor).

siyindlala yangempela

izinkanyezi eziphuzi, labo abamagama abo letinikwe lapha ngenhla, ivamile impela e izinhlobo yonke. Kungenjalo izinto hypergiants. Lawa imidondoshiya real, okuyinto zibhekwa ezimbi kakhulu, elikhanyayo futhi ezinkulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kokuba emfushane bempilo. Iningi hypergiants eyaziwa eziguquguqukayo bright blue, kodwa kukhona phakathi mhlophe, izinkanyezi eziphuzi, ngisho abomvu.

Phakathi lezi zindikimba isikhala ezingavamile zihlanganisa, isibonelo, Rho uCassiopeia. Lokhu ophuzi hypergiants, likhanya ngendlela efanayo kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 550 izikhathi outstripping ilanga. Kusukela iplanethi yethu lisuswe ngesikhathi 12,000 iminyaka ukukhanya. Ngobusuku obucwathile ungabona ne nqunu iso (ukukhanya sobala - 4,52m).

supergiants

Hypergiants - ibe yintfo lekhetsekile supergiants. Lesi sakamuva sihlanganisa izinkanyezi eziphuzi. Bona, ngokuvumelana izazi zezinkanyezi, kuyinto esigabeni zesikhashana ukuvela ukukhanya blue kuya supergiant abomvu. Nokho, at the stage of yellow supergiant inkanyezi angaphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Ngokuvamile, kulesigaba ukukhanya kwemvelo ungafi. Kuzo zonke ekutadisheni emkhathini salotshwa supernovae ezimbili kuphela elakhiwe supergiants ophuzi.

Lezi izinkanyiso zihlanganisa Canopus (Alpha Carinae) Rastaban (Beta Dragon), Beta Aquarius namanye izinto.

Njengoba singabona, inkanyezi ngayinye, ophuzi bunjengelanga, onezici ezithile. Noma kunjalo, bonke kusho ukuthi kukhona enifana - umbala ebangwa Ukushisa we photosphere okushisa ezithile. Ngaphandle kwalezi, ukuze izinkanyiso zibala Epsilon Isihlangu Beta Corvi (imidondoshiya elikhanyayo), Southern Triangle Delta futhi Beta Camelopardalis (supergiants), i-Capella futhi Vindemiatrix (imidondoshiya) nezinye izindikimba eziningi cosmic. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umbala okukhulunywa ngayo Ukwahlukaniswa into akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi kuhambisane ebonakalayo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba lokhu kwenza umbala obomvana yokukhanya kweqiniso siphazamisekile ngenxa igesi nothuli, futhi ngemuva bedlula emkhathini. Ukuze ubone ukuthi umbala akhona ukusebenzisa umshini spectrograph: inikeza ukwaziswa okunembile okungaphezu ehlweni lomuntu. Ngenxa-ke, ososayensi bayakwazi ukuhlukanisa izinkanyezi okwesibhakabhaka, phuzi futhi zibe bomvu, kude nathi at amabanga amade.