Imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo Darwin

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo uCharles Darwin kubhekwa umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezinto eziphilayo past engaphezu kwekhulu edlule. Nokho, impikiswano ngalokhu umsebenzi eyenziwa kusukela osukwini lokushicilelwa yayo.

Imfundiso kaDarwin yokuziphendukela kwemvelo esakhiwe ngaphansi kwethonya kusandile e-England, imibono, futhi ibonisa izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho wesikhathi - nenkululeko mncintiswano kanye jikelele umzabalazo khona emphakathini. Ngaleso sikhathi, babebhekwa umthetho jikelele bemvelo.

Imfundiso kaDarwin yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwamiswa ngokuhambisana imiphumela yayo siqu, ukuthi usosayensi ukwenze ngesikhathi evakashele abagibele "Beagle". Ngemva kokutadisha komhlaba we Ezweni elithile eNingizimu Melika, lapho wazimisa kulo ngenkolelo yokuthi lelo izici zemvelo kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni komhlaba, futhi umsuka ezitshalo nezilwane bahlale kule mbulunga.

Kwezazi okukwenza ukucacisa ukufana phakathi kwalezi zinto izilwane abahlala ensimini ngaleso sikhathi eNingizimu Melika, futhi izinto eziphilayo. Darwin kunesisekelo esithile "amafomu zesikhashana", ngokuhlanganisa izici amayunithi eziningana.

okumqoka isananyathiselwe, kanye nokusabalalisa ezindawo eziphilayo. Ngakho, Darwin wathola ukuthi nezilwane yeNingizimu Melika iqukethe amafomu okuyizinto ngingekho nezilwane lweNyakatho Melika. Kodwa usosayensi umcabango wokuthi ukufana isilwane imihlaba zombili lezi zindawo ngaphambili. Izinto zokuvala umoya nezilwane, ngokusho kwakhe, kwenzeka kamuva ngokuqondene obhekwe ithafa ensimini oseningizimu eMexico.

Okunabileko kwakungamadodana idatha eqoqwe Darwin zaseGalapagos Islands, amanga 950 amakhilomitha kusuka entshonalanga ogwini wase-South America elwandle eliKhulu iPacific. Lezi ziqhingi ziyashisa ukuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, futhi ngokocwaningo endaweni abasha. Phakathi nesifundo usosayensi odumile ukufana ezithile zezilwane zabo nezilwane yeNingizimu Melika. Nokho, kwakukhona umehluko.

Ngakho, ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye ngesisekelo eqoqwe impahla oluyiqiniso abangu washayelwa eziphethweni kanye nokuthatha izinto ngokuvamile, ogxile imfundiso kaDarwin yokuziphendukela kwemvelo. izinhlinzeko zoMthetho kokuhlukana kwezinhlobo zezinto nobunye ngokuya isakhiwo eziphilayo abangu ezifuywa ku amaqembu zemvelo ukuze uqinise ukufana kanye namafomu kokushintsha, ukuthuthukiswa komlando komhlaba, kanye ukufana zemibungu okuqondene ehlelekile amaqembu ezikude nezilwane.

Imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo Darwin isibe ngokuvamile elikhulu isayensi yemvelo kwekhulu XIX. Le mfundiso yasungulwa inkambo jikelele ukuthuthukiswa yokucabanga nezimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho ngokwesayensi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe kaDarwin, ososayensi abaningi baye bazwakalisa imibono afana evezwe kuyo. Kodwa naphezu ukuthuthukiswa njalo yesayensi yemvelo kanye ukunqwabelana amaqiniso, ongqubuzana nezimfundiso elifanayo ezintweni eziphilayo, imibono nokungaguquguquki zemvelo baqhubeka zidonse isikhathi eside. Darwin ababengaphambi akazange ukuxazulula izinkinga main. Ngakho, kwakungadingeki kungase kutholakale ukuthi kungenzeka omunye uhlobo ifomu elisha zilwane. It ingakasombululeki futhi inkinga nokufaneleka kanye nezimo yefomu entsha organic emvelweni. Futhi, ekugcineni, kwasivulela umbuzo amabutho isisusa kanye nokuthuthukiswa zezici.

Evolution, ngokuvumelana Darwin, nemidanti ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni bemvelo ngokuya izinto ezibonakalayo zemvelo ngokwesayensi. Eye yaba nethonya elikhulu endleleni ukuthuthukiswa wesayensi yezinto eziphilayo, imfundiso kwaqinisa ukuqonda isimo sisonke, ukusebenzisa incazelo izinto we izenzakalo of bakwazi. Darwin ngemcondvo wakhe akukona nje kuphela isicelo ukwaziswa okuwusizo, kodwa futhi abuyele eziphethweni zayo ngalokujulile, ikhumbula impumelelo wezoLimo biology bebonke.