Georgian Military Road - Umlando kanye yesimanjemanje. State, traffic, isimo sezulu, kanye sihamba indawo kumephu Georgian Military Road

Georgian Military Road ngokuthe ngqo ubude besikhathi 192 amakhilomitha. Ngo 1799, ngokusho usuku lwemibhalo kuso kushintshwe zokuxhumana ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Mileage ephawulwe endleleni. Uma uthanda ukuya ngezinyawo noma ngebhasi, ungabona signpost emhlophe. Ohlangothini amakhilomitha okuphawulekayo Tbilisi futhi Ordzhonikidze ngamunye. Lapha kuvela lo Georgian Military Road, okuyinto has a imephu isiqondiso ekuphileni.

Uhlolojikelele

Georgian Military Road (isithombe kukhonjisiwe ngezansi) ligijima izifunda ezine zokuphatha yezwe: Tbilisi, Dusheti, Mtskheta futhi Kazbek. Ukwakheka izifunda idatha labantu libhekisela kulabo izindawo ethnographic njengoba Mtiuleti, Kartli futhi Mohevi. I umsebenzi oyinhloko wabantu bendawo kuyinto ezolimo kanye isilwane ukunakekela. Manje nemizana yakhula kakhulu usebenza amabhizinisi amancane ukuthi bekwi ukucutshungulwa izinto amaminerali eluhlaza nemikhiqizo yezolimo.

ongakhetha yesimanje

Georgian Military Road namuhla kuyindlela emfushane evela Ordzhonikidze ukuba Tbilisi, noma okuphambene nalokho. 5:00 - lesi yisikhathi esiphezulu okuyiwona singanqotshwa, ngaphezu, kulula kakhulu. Ukuze uqhathanise: ubude ujantshi imayelana 1400 amakhilomitha, nokwenza uhambo olunjalo, kungase kuthathe amahora angu-35.

Umzila iqala esigodini emfuleni Terek, bese kunqoba ke, sihamba emaweni futhi kwemihosha, odlula kuze kube Cross Pass. Georgian Military Road kuthé phezu isigodi Aragvi, lapha kuvela Mletsky ekwehleleni. It ke uyakhula begodu kuba ibe banzi. Ohlangothini ungabona isikhala flat evulekile, oluneziqhingi ezithelo kanye izingadi. Khona-ke washiya, bese kwesokudla kubaneka nemizana ezahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlangabezana lasendulo inhloko-dolobha yaseGeorgia - Mtseha. Njengoba kwathuthwa yonkana Kura, lezihambi ukufika Tbilisi. ubuhle Scenic, nasezintabeni eziphakeme - konke lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka behlola Georgian Military Road namuhla. Isimo sezulu esiguquguqukayo, ngosuku olucwathile ungabona zonke ubuhle endaweni.

Imininingwane zomlando

Kusukela endulo indlela eyaziwa ligijima esigodini Aragvi futhi Terek. Encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla yasendulo okukhulunywe ngalokhu komgwaqo. Endabeni mayelana Iberia mlando esingumGreki uStrabo wabhala ngakho njengoba eyingozi futhi kunzima entabeni endleleni. Abavakashi, ababebe nesibindi sokuba ahambe kulo mzila, kwadingeka uhambo oluyingozi. Sibe ukukhuphuka kanye ezindleleni, ewumngcingo ukuze bakhululekile ukuba nihlukane abantu ababili kwakungenakwenzeka. I inqaba Itholakala Daryal Gorge, in the band ezingafinyeleleki kakhulu futhi ayibanzi. Le ndawo yaziwa ngokuthi "esangweni Georgia." Isiqinisekiso salokhu encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla. Bathi izizwe ayimizulane evela ohlangothini olusenyakatho atheleka njalo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, esinqumweni enye yamakhosi Georgian wengxenye encane le ensungubezini Darubal sabekwa amatshe. Kamuva omunye inqaba Yakhiwa amawa okusezingeni eliphezulu. amasango okhuni, yensimbi-bound, hung up on egwadle namadwala eduze kwazo. "Darian" ngolimi Persian kusho "ISango Alans". Kakade ekuqaleni kwenkathi yethu Alans sahlala eCaucasus. Bona zalwa engapheli ne-Iberia, esuselwa e Georgia, ngoba ifa ezigodini entabeni. Lokhu kufakazelwa umlando. Abantu ushayele ensungubezini Aragviyskimi esangweni. Amanxiwa i inqaba wamandulo wake ayenencazelo lempi, walondoloza ukuba izinsuku zethu. Georgian Military Road manje itholakala phakathi ukubukwa olunothile. Endleleni ungajabulela ingxenye odongeni empumalanga, okuthiwa "The Castle of Tamara".

ukuthuthukiswa

Inani ukuthi kwadingeka Georgian Military Road, liye landa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ezikhathini amakhosi asendulo, sokuthuthwa kwempahla kuleli zwe indima yayo njengendlela umzila obalulekile wezohwebo liye landa ngokuphawulekayo. Ekhulwini XVIII ubudlelwano Russian-Georgian babé eduze, lapho kumiswa alandelayo ubuhlobo lempi. Wabe eseqala esigabeni esilandelayo sokuthuthuka onguthelawayeka. Phakathi nokubusa uCatherine II wezempi Russian bathunyelwa Georgia, kuyilapho ngesikhathi kuhilizisana Russian-Turkish amasosha Georgian waba nengxenye ekulweni e-Turks eNingizimu eCaucasus. Kulesi sigaba, ithrekhi yayigubha kuzo zonke izici. Indlela kanye kwathiwa abhanqiwe nokusebenza kanzima kanye ugwadule olukhulu isikhathi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-1799 ibanga kusuka eVladikavkaz ukuba Tbilisi lamabutho Russian iphansi kwesandla sika-Jikelele Lazarev wakunqoba izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-30.

ukubaluleka

Ngemva kumiswa umfelandawonye amazwe amabili 'Georgian Military Road Ubonakala nakakhulu ukubaluleka ehleliwe. Ngaleso sikhathi yayibizwa ngokuthi "Daryal". It uqalile inqubo kabusha, okuyinto edingekayo impela izimali ambalwa. Ukuze kuvikelwe abahambi wonke umgwaqo yaqala ukubonakala izinqaba. I redoubt lokuqala elakhiwa ngalesi kufinyelele ekuqaleni kwawo. Isakhiwo lalinabashumayeli eqinisa kwenqaba bese gumbi, kwaku khona isikaniso samabutho zokuzivikela. Ibekwe eduze zindlu komgwaqo, lapho abagibeli abakhathele kungenzeka badle futhi baphumule ngaphambi kokuthi abuyele uhambo olude. izinqaba amabutho ezempi abizwa ngokuthi redoubts, wanika igama Redant zokuhlala. Eningizimu yayakhiwe Dzheharovskaya inqaba. Amanxiwa akhona nazo walondoloza kuze kube yilolu suku. Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XIX ku Daryal Gorge wakha elinye izinqaba, senzelwe khona isikaniso samabutho empi. I Interiors baye banyamalala ngokuphelele, kuyilapho izindonga namanje emi. Dusheti emgaqweni emzaneni wangeniswa 1859. Ngemva kweminyaka emine, lwalumumethe wokuvula yayo esemthethweni. Khona-ke lethiwa zamanje esikhundleni yangaphambili.

Okubaluleke ezehlukile phakathi WWII

Georgian Military Road esadlala indima ebalulekile phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Kwakuwusuku enqamulelayo ohlanganisa iNingizimu eCaucasus ne eCaucasus. Georgia kwaba ngaphansi ukuhlaselwa wabahlaseli German undlovukayiphikiswa. Amasosha sivikele Ordzhonikidze, abulawa. Ezindaweni eseduze Georgian Military Highway kuze kufike entshonalanga nasenyakatho, kwaba impi olunegazi kakhulu nabanolaka. Kulezi zindawo ke kwenziwa ukulwa nobuqhawe ngoba eCaucasus. On ibhange esiseningizimu yoMfula Terek futhi Urukh yakhethwa omunye emigqeni. Kwahamba ukwakheka kangcono abahlaseli German undlovukayiphikiswa. Lapho abezempi ashaqe ingxenye Maikop neNorth eCaucasus, balinga ukuya Amasimu amafutha Grozny bese egqekeza Baku, futhi ukusuka lapho ngemigwaqo lempi - eGeorgia.

Ingemuva nezisusa ngokujoyina

indatshana kaGeorge waphetha ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII, eklanyelwe protectorate Russian phezu Eastern Georgia. Emazweni angomakhelwane isivumelwano esinjalo kuye kwabangela igagasi ukunganeliseki. Okwagqugquzelwa Turkey Dagestan kunamaqembu ezigebengu yinto evamile uhlele kuphangwa esibhubhisayo. Ngo 1795, empini Persian ethumba Tbilisi, baphanga futhi yashiswa. Umbuso Wasongelwa ekubhujisweni. Population ukwehla ifinyelele sikhathi esibucayi. Inkosi yokugcina Georgian waphoqeleka ukuba acele usizo uhulumeni waseRussia ukuze asindise isimo ekubhujisweni ebulalayo nokuqothulwa.

Isigaba sokugcina

Ngo 1801, Georgia ekugcineni wajoyina Russia. I Manifesto sasayinwa kule Septhemba 12. Kulesi simo, kwakuyizwi kuphela oyoxazulula lizwe, ngenxa yabantu esongelwa ababagqilazayo naseTurkey. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuthuthukiswa zenkolo nezamasiko ezimbili uthi kwakungamadodana efanayo kakhulu, kuyilapho ezingeni elifanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Russia possesses amandla adingekayo ukuthi wakwazi ukudala izimo ludingeka ekuthuthukisweni amabutho elikhiqizayo isimo Georgian nekuhlanganisa indawo disparate.

izici ezindawo

Le ndawo esenyakatho umzila onqamula insimu ethnographic of Khevi. Leli gama ngolimi Georgian kusho "udonga". Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abantu bendawo ngokuthi umhosha-amadoda noma mohevtsami. Manje esifundeni ihlanganisa indawo amakhilomitha square kuka 1,000. It osuka edolobhaneni Upper Lars esiphambanweni Pass. Labantu - abantu mayelana 9000. Ngokwe iziqondiso zokuphatha Heavy kungokwalabo Kazbegi wesifunda, okuhlanganisa ezimbili futhi ezine umkhandlu Ossetic Georgian emzaneni. Kazbegi iyona sokuqondisa esifundeni. Esanda kutholakala, wakwazi ukuthola izincwadi isimo idolobha. Esikhathini Kazbegi khaphi eminyakeni eyishumi edlule namanje eyabizwa ngokuthi idolobhana. Lesi sivumelwano sokuqala kwa esifundeni, ise ensungubezini ka Sno Gudashaurskoy Aragvi futhi Terek. Eqale kudala ngaphambi kwenkathi yethu. emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule wesifunda Heavy kwahlanganiswa Duchy of Aragvi. Kamuva, lalenziwa indawo ezimele futhi ahlukaniselwe ezindaweni eziningana. Ukuphakama phakathi kwabo ingeyamakhosi wesifunda wase-Edo, maphakathi okwakukhona St kukaStefanu - igama lasendulo edolobheni Kazbegi. Ixhumeke nge igama indela omaziyo owayeke wasindisa abahlali emzaneni yizikhukhula.

ukuphumelela lobuchwepheshe

Ngo 1814, i-traffic phezu Georgian Military Highway Lwenziwe ngenxa kwazimoto. Kamuva, lalihlelekile okusheshayo e-mail umyalezo wokuthi uboshelwe Tiflis ukuba Petersburg. Iminyaka engamashumi amabili kamuva, ngale ndlela yokwenza ihhashi ungaphazanyiswa ngeposi lahlelwa. Ukulondoloza ndima njalo futhi iphephile edingekayo ukulungiswa njalo. Engikuthanda ngaleso sikhathi lo Georgian Military Road? Isimo pass ezingeni efanele osekelwa bendawo. kuyingozi ngokukhethekile futhi kunzima ukunqoba lo izindawo ezisizungezile nasesikhathini Daryal Gorge ukuphi. Kuleli qophelo, ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezinjengokungcoliswa iqhwa emigodini futhi izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze. Ukuvikela abahambi kokuwela zone okungaphephile, kwadingeka ukuba kwakhiwe igalari ukhonkolo.

I emaweni abadumile

Ngqo ngemuva abadlula umgwaqo etulu. Lona abadumile Mletsky ekwehleleni. Ushiya ngasemuva amamitha angaphezu kwangu-200 esigodini emfuleni Aragvi. Inqubo ukwakhiwa yayo yaqala ngo sixties kwekhulu elidlule. Ukuhola iphrojekthi ngaphambilini BI Statkovskogo. Ngemva unjiniyela ebuya endaweni uhambo ziye eNtshonalanga Yurophu okwesikhashana, wambeka phambi kwabo uhlelo kabusha the sehhashi komgwaqo. Le phrojekthi sivunyiwe. Ukwakhiwa eyathatha iminyaka eyisithupha. Mletsky Uzalo lakhiwa endaweni kwezimo ezinzima kakhulu futhi iyingozi. Abakhi Kwadingeka ukuba nginqobe izithiyo eziningi ukuze ninqume izinyathelo ku emadwaleni, okungase ngokuzethemba ukuze alondoloze umbono olinganiselayo futhi umsebenzi. Noma kunjalo, umphumela ufanelwe yilo lonke udumo. Uzalo Mletsky iyisibonelo esivelele engineering art esithinta olubushelelezi imigca komgwaqo. Ekupheleni ekwehleleni kukhona umthombo nge echibini lokubhukuda.

ezingokoqobo zamanje

Kusukela 2006, yi-Russia Georgian Military Umgwaqo uvaliwe isikhathi esingenasiphelo. Isizathu esisemthethweni ukumiswa zokuthutha wakhonza njengephayona kabusha yokuhlola. Eqinisweni ukushiya Russian Federation eGeorgia ngemgwaco ngendlela ngokomthetho engenakwenzeka. Ngo-2010, indlu yokulawula futhi waqala ukusebenza. Ukuze Armenia, ngokusobala ukuvulwa kwaleyo imingcele futhi resumption yokuxhumana kubaluleke kakhulu. Georgian Military Road ivuliwe futhi, futhi cishe ingxenye yesithathu kwezimpahla republic sika kungenziwa athuthwe nje phezu kwaso.