Kuyini Ekhabetheni curiosities? Incazelo, umlando kanye yesimanjemanje

"Nizoba Petersburg, qiniseka ukuvakashela Kunstkammer!" - igama sokuvalelisa uthola cishe zonke izivakashi, isivakashi yenhloko-dolobha enyakatho. Kuyini Ekhabetheni curiosities? Abaningi yigama elihlobene ne into engavamile, ezingavamile futhi umbukwane. Lo moya kusukela kudala, into kude ...

Lesi sihloko sasichaza ngokuningiliziwe lokho curiosities, umlando indalo yayo kanye isimo samanje.

Umcabango

Kukhona legend ukuthi uPetru mina bezihambela Vasilyevsky esiqhingini wabona ezimbili zikaphayini emangalisayo: kwelinye igatsha ngandlela-thile kwesizathu lihluma ngokusebenzisa isiqu nezinye. Lokhu umklamo ongavamile zikhunjulwe uMbusi izwele. Wacabanga of a gimmick eminyakeni embalwa uma uvakashela mission zamanxusa ku 1697-1698 biennium. England nase-Holland. Wabe wahlangana okuthiwa "iKhabhinethi curiosities" ngesikhathi ezicukuthwaneni, lapho baqhubeka zonke izinhlobo diva: zaspirtovannye emizimbeni, izilwane eyayigcwele, iqoqo izinambuzane ezingavamile. Lawa kwakungamadodana Kunstkammer sokuqala ngqa. Igama elihunyushwe ngokuthi kusukela German kusho "Igumbi ubuciko".

Umlando sendalo eRussia

Peter uyithandile Igumbi kangaka emangalisayo, ukuthi ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya, waqale yafukula ilungiselelo efanayo iKhabhinethi esigodlweni. EHolland, wafunda iresiphi of ukugqumisa, 30 000 guilder Dutch usezuze yonke "ihhovisi Ruysch". Esikhathini esizayo, musa skimp, ukuthenga izincwadi eNgophezukonke ezingavamile, amathuluzi, amathuluzi ahlukahlukene, zobuciko eliyingqayizivele futhi izimangaliso zemvelo phesheya. Ngemva kokuba isikhipha umyalo owawuthi bonke ithole into engavamile noma ezingavamile kakhulu, kwadingeka ngihlale balidlulisele ngokudalwa "curiosities iKhabhinethi". Kusukela wonke amagumbi olukhulunywa kuwo wonke uMbuso Russian ehhovisi baqala ukuthuthelekela izinto ezimangalisayo. Ngokushesha ziba ziningi kakhulu ukuthi kungukuthi ezibekwe esigodlweni. kuningi okwakumelwe zigcinwe kwi zewayini ekhethekile, kakhulu ecasukile uPetru, owayezimisele ukuyihlinza ukubeka yonke curiosities obala.

Emva ukudluliselwa inhlokodolobha kusuka eMoscow kuya Petersburg futhi yayiswa isakhiwo esisha sokuhlala, uPetru mina yayiswa endaweni entsha futhi curiosities yayo. Okwesikhashana, wababeka Palace of the ahlaza Boyar Kikin, owayedingiselwe kusukela enhlokodolobha nge ekuthathweni kwempahla ngokubamba iqhaza ugobe, niyazise inkosi. Inkosi yayala, "Kikin Izingxoxo" ukubiza imikhuba angaphandle "weKhabhinethi wangomhla zingama-Curiosities". Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1714. Kulo nyaka, kanti mina ngazalwa ezweni curiosities wokuqala Russian kabani isithombe manje kuhlobisa Umhlahlandlela ngasinye uPetru.

ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo

iqoqo kaPetru lakhula ngokushesha. Ngo 1717, futhi ngo-Holland waba ngokuphelele zitholwa Seb akhawunti for abayizinkulungwane 15. Guilder Dutch. Ngokushesha wonke amagugu ayikwazanga ukulingana futhi "Kikin Izingxoxo." Ukuze ihlanganise curiosities zabo benethuba ukubonisa zonke abafisa lo mbusi wayala ukuba kwakhiwe isakhiwo ekhethekile. Ngaye isehlane indawo elite ku umcibisholo Vasilevsky Island eduze nendlu yenkosi futhi abaluleke zikahulumeni.

Le phrojekthi yasungulwa yi wezakhiwo Mattarnovi. Itshe lokuqala ikusasa Museum odumile yasungulwa ngo-July 1718 Kamuva isakhiwo kuhlanganisiwe ezifana amakhosi adumile njengoba Gerbel, Zemtsov futhi Kiaveri.

ukuvulwa Omkhulu Kunstkammer owawuse ngoNovemba 1728, ngenkathi umsebenzi kokuqeda yaphela kuphela 1734

Ngokungafani kunstkamery Russian kusukela European

I "amakhabethe curiosities" lokuqala kwavela Yurophu phakathi Renaissance ekhulwini 15-16. Kuyini Ekhabetheni curiosities, okuqondene isikhulu ocebile, ogama Injongo yayiwukuba ukujabulisa izivakashi? Kumane iqoqo ozenzekelayo zezinto ezingavamile futhi okungajwayelekile, obonisa "imfundiso" umnikazi wabo.

NoPetru curiosities futhi achazwe ngenhla, ekuqaleni wakhulelwa hhayi njengethuba assemblage yengcebo, kodwa njengoba iqoqo zobuciko ezithakazelisayo ukuthi zingakhiqiza ngezinjongo zokufundisa ezesayensi. Ukugcinwa Kwazo Ngenjongo systematization yamanani esiwaphathisiwe abantu ukukhanyiselwa. Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene, abaqondisi noma abasebenzi "ikhabethe uPetru" babe Baiburin, Barthold, Gumilyov, Lomonosov, Struve, Sternberg, uPallas, Severgin nabanye ososayensi. Babuthela impahla ezahlukene kakhulu - akuyona kuphela ugly, noma curiosities bezijabulisa, kodwa zangamalanga anencazelo ezinkulu ethnographic yomlando, eyigugu ngomqondo yesayensi iqoqo isinambuzane, izinyoni eyayigcwele, ezihuquzelayo, inhlanzi kanye nezilwane, udale neminyango yokwakheka futhi mineralogical.

Ngemva kokudalwa kuka-Russian Academy of Sciences, 1724. Imithombo eyinhloko iKhabhinethi curiosities babe izinto ezazivela kuzo mikhankaso yesayensi Miller, Krasheninnikov, Messershmity, Lisiansky, Maclay, Bellingshausen, Kruzenshtern.

Kuyini Ekhabetheni curiosities Russian? Kuyinto Museum, omunye omdala futhi elicebe kakhulu ezweni, sombuso Russian Academy of Sciences.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala curiosities, isithombe onikelwa ezingezansi, ukuze kaPetru Ngavula bonke abantu abanentshisekelo ukuthi. Ukungena kanye nokuhlolwa ziphephile kwaba khulula.

Peter Ngazakhela umnyango engavamile kakhulu Museum kabani ziphephile yizilwane nabantu kwasekuzalweni - Cyclops, abaningi-ahlomile, inhlabamkhosi Syndrome nezinye kwezinso. Kwakukhona hhayi kuphela emizimbeni nezidalwa bamgqumisa, kodwa futhi ukuphila dwarves, izilo kanye izilo ezihlala Museum ngezithukuthuku yengcebo yomphakathi.

UMbusi wayazi zonke isiqeshana ukuqoqwa 'naphezu "futhi kwaba isiqondiso esihle kakhulu injabulo ukubatshela kulezo zivakashi zakhe.

Namuhla, i-Museum ine 1.2 million. Imibukiso!