Andrey Ivanovich Shtakenshneyder - Architect: Biography, usebenza Petersburg ePeterhof

Stackenschneider - wezakhiwo, egama layo linguJehova ijwayelekile abantu abaningi eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yalesi ndoda abanamakhono zakhiwa izigodlo eziningi, izakhiwo, nezinye izikhumbuzo yamasiko Petersburg ePeterhof. Lokhu wayeyindoda emangalisayo sichaza kule ncwadi.

ebuntwaneni wezakhiwo Early

Wazalelwa Shtakenshneyder Andrey Ivanovich 22 Februwari 1802 on ensimini sonamandla Russian Empire. Umkhulu wezakhiwo esizayo kwaba ongowokuzalwa omunye wemizi emikhulu kakhulu enyakatho Germany - Braunschweig. Yena wayeyingcweti abadumile, bakwazi ukukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene izinto kusukela bangempela isilwane isikhumba. Futhi lapho udumo ikhono lakhe safinyelela Russian uMbusi uPawulu, wamenywa ukuba inhloko-dolobha. Kamuva, umkhulu banquma ukuhlala e-Russia. Washada futhi wazalwa uyise, u-Andrei Ivanovich.

Andrew yena wazalwa ezindongeni njengomkhaya epulazini lakubo, lapho ahlezi khona zonke nomkhaya Shtakenshnejdera. Cishe bonke esengumntwana umakhi kancane wachitha esigayweni, lapho uyise wasebenza. Lapho amakhosi ikusasa engu-13, wathunyelwa lokuyofunda Imperial Academy of Arts. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi namakhono akhethekile wayengabukisi, ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, ebona imisebenzi ekomidini futhi izakhiwo wokubacindezela. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi wezakhiwo yethu Stackenschneider Wayesebenza isikhashana, ebambe isikhundla sokuba draftsman abavamile.

A ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi professional

Ngemva kweminyaka emine yokusebenza njengoba draftsman iqhawe lethu yathenjiswa imali eningi ngenxa kwalokho ngathola umsebenzi omusha. Lesi sikhathi ayekulindele isikhundla umakhi-umdwebi.

Ngakho yena waqhubeka ukwakhiwa Cathedral St-Isaka, eholwa umsebenzi okhethekile esakhiweni. Lapha wazehlukanisa njengendlela wezakhiwo abanamakhono. Stackenschneider ngokukhamba kwesikhathi ikhombe ngomunye Umakhi ezidumile wezakhiwo Anri Lui Auguste Richard. Nguye abamenyiwe iqhawe lethu ukusebenza Winter Palace.

Ukuzihlukanisa umsebenzi abazimele

Ngesinye isikhathi esededelwe, umakhi Stackenschneider wanquma ukuthi sekuyisikhathi bahlanganyele abazimele. Ekuqaleni kuka-1831 wesula Commission kanye injabulo enkulu wahlanganyela ukwakhiwa yangasese. Omunye ezimele lokuqala incwadi yakhe yabangela inguquko umklamo yendlu ducal. I izindlu kwakungekaNkulunkulu AH Benkendorf.

Uma iqhawe lethu babhekana ngokuphumelelayo nokuphazamiseka umsebenzi phambi kwakhe, Earl ukutshelwa ke umbusi. Ngenxa yalokho, wezakhiwo abanamakhono wamenywa ukuba kwenye yezindlu abacebe Petersburg. Stackenschneider cishe ngokushesha atholwe indawo Nicholas I.

Bayanda, waqala ukuthola oda angawodwana kusukela umbusi. Futhi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile kwaba cishe umakhi kuphela abathembela ukwakha izindlu omkhulu nje kuphela, kodwa isikhulu, basezindlini zamakhosi. Kwenzeka kanjalo-ke kuze kube ukufa wezakhiwo. Wayesebenza isikhathi eside futhi yakhelwe impahla zasebukhosini abantu nelungelo, wathola isihloko zokuhlonipha wezakhiwo siqu lwesigodlo loMhlabathi sika.

umklomelo Okokuqala futhi cwaningo phesheya

Uma ukholwa ukuthi ulwazi kusuka biography, Stackenschneider lokuqala baqashelwa ngo-1834. Ngaleso sikhathi, lapho besebenza "esigodlweni encane kombusi," okuyiwona wathola isihloko othembisayo academician.

Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, iqhawe lethu wokuthi nguye, okuyinto ayifuna ngabomvu bengenalo ulwazi lwezebhizinisi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wakwazi ukuthola ukusekelwa kombusi, futhi kulesi sibonelelo isimo ukuya phesheya ukufunda. Ngakho, wahambela eNgilandi, eFrance nase-Italy. Futhi ngemva kokuqalaza wabuya abameleli Petersburg Academy of Arts wathola isihloko zokuhlonipha Uprofesa besigaba sesibili.

Sebenza on the Mariinsky Palace

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe Andrey zaklama futhi zakha izindawo izakhiwo eyinkimbinkimbi obuhlukahlukene. Wakwazi uvakashele eMoscow, eCrimea, Petersburg, Novgorod, yaseTaganrog, ePeterhof ngisho Tsarskoye Selo. Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo it is impela wasebenza ngempumelelo futhi wasebenza. Abagxeki kakhulu wancoma umsebenzi wakhe futhi babephikisana ngokuthi izici esiqinile ngesikhathi esifanayo isitayela yeningi. Omunye wakha izakhiwo ezinkulu ezibabazekayo kakhulu ukuthi umklami wakwazi wake ukwakha, iyona Mariinsky Palace.

Lesi sakhiwo, esisogwini Square enhle St-Isaka, iqhawe lethu lwenzelwe e 1839. Ukwakhiwa esigodlweni laqedwa ngo-1844. On lokho izakhiwo nezigodlo eyakhelwe Stackenschneider ngaphandle lesi sakhiwo, okuyinto njengamanje yokuhlala Petersburg lomthetho Assembly, thina uchaze ngezansi.

Okunye imisebenzi esivelele umbhali omkhulu

Siyabonga engqondweni yakhe bebuza nje omkhulu, iqhawe lethu wadala Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace eSt. Khumbula, lokhu isakhiwo eyingqayizivele isitayela neo-baraque, lakhiwa phakathi 1846 kanye 1848.

Phakathi imisebenzi eminingi umakhi abadumile kungabonwa hhayi izigodlo kuphela, kodwa futhi esibhedlela sezingane, indlwana, ehlobo zokuhlala kanye neminye imikhakha. Ngokwesibonelo, ekuqaleni 1835 kwathiwa abalingisa bese yakhiwa sangasese villa eyaziwa ifilimu umlingisi Zhenesa. Uqinisile Ngemva konyaka, iqhawe lethu wasebenza esakhiweni kwendawo suburban ngoba u-Alyona Zvantsova. Futhi ngo-1834, waphinde wakha indlu ezweni MI Mordvinova.

izakhiwo eqaphelekayo ePeterhof

EPeterhof endaweni umuzi wona waba yindawo kakhulu ugqozi wenkosi yethu. Nangu isebenza ku uhlelo omangalisayo amapaki landscaped: Meadow futhi Kolonistskogo.

Khona-ke ecabanga tincenye letitsite kwepaki Kolonistskogo ngokwehlukile. Ngakho, umlobi wethu ungumnikazi imidwebo pavilions ezimbili: Holguin futhi Caricino. Ngokuthakazelisayo, Holguin inkundla sidalwe ngomyalo woMbusi Nicholas mina behlonipha indodakazi yakhe. Igama lakhe kwakungu-Olga. I kakhulu ukwakhiwa basembhoshongweni njengomuntu Neapolitan, kancane athé Izisekelo zawo ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Caricino inkundla efanayo Yakhiwa ngokuqinile ngokuvumelana ngesicelo inkosikazi yombusi Alexandra Feodorovna. izibonakaliso zakhe kwangaphandle yena kwakusengathi ubudala isakhiwo sasendulo saseRoma, kunokuba ukwakhiwa classical Nicholas I.

emadokodweni Ngokubabazekayo emapaki ahlukahlukene

Andrey abahleli kanye nezinye pavilions ezimbili kule ebabazekayo Lugovoy Park. Omunye wabo - Pink inkundla, noma "Ozerki". Ngokusho baxgeki, yena waba ukwakheka eyinhloko yonke imikhumbi. ukwakhiwa kwalo kwaqala ngo-1845-m, futhi yaphela - e-1848. Esesibili - the Belvedere, kwaba isakhiwo ezimbili storey zakhiwe sasivumela omkhulu egwadle amabhlogo.

Ekuqaleni 1727, iqhawe lethu waqala ukwakhiwa isigodlo kanye epaki Ensemble at dacha wakhe uMbusi uPetru II. Khona-ke Holy Trinity Church Yakhiwa beqondiswa umakhi, nesigodlo senkhosi orangery kanye nendlu wensimu esigodlweni futhi epaki Ensemble kwekhulu XIX. Kwabe isigodlo Znamenka, Ipulazi Palace futhi iNgonyama wendlale. Lesi sakhiwo emangalisayo thina uchaze ngezansi.

isigaba abahlukile esigodlweni futhi epaki Ensemble of ePeterhof

Phakathi ukuklanywa Lower Ipaki wezakhiwo odumile ukuthi isimiso ukudala imithombo Cascading. Kukholakala ukuthi, ngale ndlela, esigodlweni Kwakhiwani ngaphakathi epaki, kuyoba kuzosungulwa endaweni ingamangalisi yasendle. Kulokhu, ekuqaleni ababesebenza esakhiweni wezakhiwo Italian owaziwa Nikolo Miketti. Kodwa umqondo wakhe ukuvala indandatho wendlale ngaphakathi Hermitage alley futhi engakaze bakwenze.

Phakathi kuka-1854-1857 esigabeni iphrojekthi kabusha ngokuphelele. Lokhu isikhathi isisekelo salo wathatha iphrojekthi AI Shtakenshnejdera. Ngokusho idatha wokulungiselela, kucatshangwa eningi ukwanda kokuqala ubukhulu pool nokungeza amakholomu 14, ukuphakama kwalelo nalelo okwakunzima 8 m.

Phakathi kwezinsika 12 baphinde bafaka nezitsha zemabula eyinqaba. Kusukela ama-elementi amadala zokuhlobisa umbhali watimisela kuya mascarones (imifanekiso yamahlaya kwezilwane wasenganekwaneni) kanye nezibalo ezinkulu yezingonyama, emlonyeni okuyinto ezibheke jet ngamanzi. Phakathi kela ikholomu esifanekisweni sported abacaphuni "Nymph Aganipa". Wonke umuntu wabona kulesi sigaba, wazichaza ngokuthi into emangalisayo enhle, okuqinile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kumnandi.

A amazwi ambalwa mayelana singakunaki ukuphila komuntu umakhi

Eziphuthumayo umsebenzi wezakhiwo awamenzanga futhi ukusungula ngempilo yakhe yangasese. Ukuba at esiqongweni umsebenzi wakhe meteoric, umlobi imisebenzi eminingi bahlangana, okuyinto ngokushesha sathandana. Kwaba Maria Fedorovna Halchinskaya.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ngemva kokuhlala ndawonye lo mbhangqwana kwadingeka izingane 8. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi zonke zazo, ngaphandle junior UZenaida, owashona ngo ebuntwaneni, baba nobuntu owaziwa. Ngokwesibonelo, umakhi Elena indodakazi ebusheni zakhe zeziyaluyalu waqala ukuloba Umlando wakhe. Kamuva, waze wavula salon etemibhalo. INdodana umakhi UNikolai isikhathi eside wahlala Petersburg. Wakuthanda ukudweba, wayejabula yobuciko yezakhiwo, ngisho owakhile indlu e Kharkiv.

Enye indodana ka-Andrei Ivanovich Alexander iziqu yaseshashalazini izifundo waba omunye abaculi Intandokazi Imperial Theatre. Nokho, umuntu unekhono onjalo afana ngazo Stackenschneider, kwakunezinye izingane abangazange unikele ukuphila kwakhe kuya art.

Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthinta nje lokhu kwaba indodana yakhe u-Adrian. Ngemva kokuthola iziqu waya azosebenza ehhovisi iSigele. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, wathuthela Kiev, uye waphila iminyaka eminingi e-Odessa, lapho wahola Court of Justice. INdodana uVladimir futhi shí umthetho. Indodakazi Maria Olga washada ngempumelelo wayohlala phesheya.

Memory bayophila phakade

Sekuyisikhathi eside Andrei Ivanovich efile. Washona ekuqaleni kuka-August 1865. Ngesikhathi ukufa eminyakeni yakhe 63. Imemori sakhe uhlala ku ezinhliziyweni nasezingqondweni ezakhamizi zethu nabo. Futhi endalweni yakhe ngokubabazekayo uzoqhubeka sokujabulisa izivakashi kanye bendawo.