Wezombusazwe - ubunjalo ukuqonda

A endaweni emaphakathi phakathi nezigaba othile wezifundo zezombusazwe kuthatha nomqondo zezombusazwe umbuso. Ngaphambi kokucabangela okuqukethwe kulesi sigaba, kufanele wenze ukubhuka, ngaphandle okuyinto ukucacisa okushiwo zezombusazwe umbuso kunephutha futhi akunasisekelo ngokwesayensi.

Iqiniso lokuthi isimiso sezombusazwe is organically exhumene ne esigabeni ezibaluleke kakhulu othile wezifundo zezombusazwe, njengoba isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona. Njengengxenye ukucabanga kwansuku journalism nezinye ukutolika mbumbulu yesayensi kwakheka ukuqonda stereotypical isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona njengoba into is ngokucacile elilinganisiwe. Okusho ukuthi, uma sikhuluma into enhle ekubeni ngokoqobo zezombusazwe, isibonelo, mayelana isimiso sezombusazwe, okufanele kube khona umfundi (isilaleli) kahle, njengoba umthetho, ngokomongo nomqondo ukusetshenziswa isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona.

Futhi enye indlela lapho echaza izinto ezenzeka yezombangazwe isimo sengqondo esingaqondile elinqunyiwe, wasebenzisa isigaba wezombusazwe. Lo mbono Yinto embi ngokuphelele, kepha akanalutho ukwenza izindlela ezintsha zesayensi zokufunda ukuhlaziya zezombusazwe. Iqiniso lokuthi wezifundo zezombusazwe yesimanje iphatha isimiso sezombusazwe ngezindlela ezimbili. Ngo omunye wabo, isimiso sezombusazwe kuyinto ukuqaliswa kokuphila okungokoqobo indlela kwamandla kwesinye isifundazwe noma kwenye, ezingeni elilodwa noma kwenye.

Ngokuhambisana izimpawu ezivamile izimiso zezombusazwe ihlukaniswa, futhi omunye ngeengaba obujwayelekile yeningi Ukukhetha uhlobo isimiso sezombangazwe onegunya futhi wobushiqela. Kuyo yonke le ndawo yayikhona, isimiso sezombusazwe kungaba ezifundeni ezehlukene, okungukuthi, ukuba ngaphezulu zithole yeningi noma kobushiqela izici uhlobo wobushiqela. Ngakho, kuba esimweni esithile isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona ka esimweni esithile at nenkathi ethize yomlando futhi ephawula isigaba - wezombusazwe. Nokho, lokho akusho athwale noma yimuphi izilinganiso umthwalo, futhi kuphela ithumba isimo sezombusazwe ezweni umphakathi unikezwa ngesikhathi esithile. Ngokwesibonelo, siye eside wahlala ngaphansi isimiso samaSoviet zezombusazwe, owawungumnyaka azizange zishintshe kulo isikhathi yayo yomlando. Nokho, kuye ngokuthi ashiwo ubani kwaba ngamandla, okuyinto kwakheka izinhlayiya zayo eziphumela emoyeni zezombusazwe emphakathini, thina isehlane imodi "ncibilika" (uNikita Khrushchev, kukaStalin umbuso, umbuso yokujama tsi (Leonid uBrezhnev), ukulungiswa Imodi (uMikhail Gorbachev).

Kususelwa kule ndlela, umbuso uba into esukela isimiso sezombusazwe futhi aqondwe njengokufaka ezithile imingcele ethile, izakhiwo zezomnotho nezenhlalo zezombusazwe yamaSoviet, ukuqinisekisa amandla emphakathini inikezwe aphila ngesikhathi esithile.

Phakathi ukwakheka ulwazi yesimanje zezombusazwe, kwakheka ngempela eyanele futhi, ngokwezinga elithile, iqoqo jikelele ngemibandela lapho Ukwahlukaniswa nemibuso yezombangazwe. Nokho, isimiso osemqoka Ukwahlukaniswa umbuso oluthile ukuqonda ukuthi libonisa izici isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona, Ngakho-ke futhi it can futhi kumele babhekane okufanayo Kwabiwa indlela izinhlobo asetshenziswe Ukwahlukaniswa zezombusazwe.

Basic yesimanje nemibuso yezombangazwe ihlukaniswa ngesisekelo criteria ezifana anesilinganiso esithile samandla, izindlela kwamandla ubusosha, uhlobo ukuxhumana phakathi kukahulumeni nomphakathi, izakhiwo enqabelo ezikhona emphakathini, indima nemibono, uhlobo kwabaholi bezombangazwe, indima amaqembu, endaweni zemizimba ukucindezelwa ohlelweni samandla nezinye. Ngokuhambisana nalezi zindlela, ngokuvamile wamukela ukwehlukana nemibuso yezombangazwe ukuba yeningi, wobushiqela kanye bangomashiqela. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kukhona cishe akukho isimiso sezombangazwe esasikhona "ifomu okumsulwa", ie abe nezici olulodwa imodi hlobo. Njengomthetho, yonke ekhona zezombusazwe ngokoqobo izindlela babe uhlamvu Integrative futhi sihlanganise izimfanelo ezahlukene.