"Pedagogical Inkondlo" Makarenko. Isifingqo "Pedagogical Inkondlo" Makarenko

"Pedagogical Inkondlo" Makarenko, okuqukethwe okuyinto kokubili liyisiqondiso esiwusizo ukuphakamisa isakhamuzi egcwele umphakathi kanye nomsebenzi acacile etemibhalo - omunye "amapharele" kwezincwadi Soviet. Izenzakalo ezichazwe inoveli, ngokuphila kwakhe, abalingiswa empela, kuhlanganise umbhali yena. Key uhlelo Pedagogical Makarenko umqondo wokuthobela omunye umuntu imfundo zobuntu lengane iqembu. Ukugunyazwa lo mbono, eqinisweni, abazinikele "Pedagogical Inkondlo" Makarenko. Ukufingqa, kanye uqobo inoveli inezingxenye 3 futhi izahluko 15 (kufaka isiphetho sendaba). Ngesikhathi esifanayo le nkondlo empeleni wadala "bawahlala", ngqo inqubo ukuphila ikoloni.

"Pedagogical Inkondlo" Makarenko: Isifinyezo by isahluko

Okuqukethwe kule noveli zikhona amaphuzu amaningana ukhiye: kumila koloni, ukubukeka bamakoloni lokuqala futhi izinkinga kuqala, "isimo" iphuzu ukuziphatha abafundi, isakhiwo team, ukuxhumana nomphakathi.

Qala isenzo

Isenzo nkondlo senzeka-yalolucwaningo 20 e-USSR. Lokhu kulandisa ebusweni umbhali (Anton Makarenko). "Pedagogical Inkondlo" iqala neqiniso ukuthi protagonist wekoloni wazisekela. Gorky at Poltava izingane emgwaqweni, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona abaphuli abasha. Ngaphezu Makarenko, abasebenzi Pedagogical wekoloni lalinabashumayeli othisha ababili (Ekateriny Grigorevny noLydia Petrovna) nokukodwa umphathi (Kalina Ivanovich). Nge kuzo ukusekelwa ngezinto ezibonakalayo yamukelwa kahle njengoba kunzima - iningi impahla kahulumeni iye yaphangwa ngokucophelela omakhelwane eliseduze waleli qulo.

Abakhi bamakoloni lokuqala

Iziboshwa wokuqala waleli koloni besibantwana abasithandathu (ezine kakade eneminyaka engu-18 ubudala): Burun Bendyuk, Volohov, Hood, intshiseko, futhi Taranets. Naphezu (ngokwezinga elivunyelwe izimo koloni) ukwamukelwa efudumele, ikusasa bamakoloni ukubukeka kwabo ngokushesha wakwenza kwacaca ukuthi ukuphila kwabo akuzona ezikhangayo ikakhulukazi. Mayelana isiyalo kwakungeyona: bamakoloni umane indiva othisha bazo ongangena edolobheni kusihlwa bese ubuyela kuphela ekuseni. Ngemva kwesonto, elokubulala nelokuphanga waboshwa Bendyuk. Yenza eminye imisebenzi bamakoloni, futhi, wenqaba.

Lokhu zaqhubeka izinyanga eziningana. Kodwa uma isimo sesishintshile kakhulu. Lapho ngokuhamba engxabanweni elilandelayo Makarenko ecasukile bese ushaya omunye bamakoloni phambi kwezinye, abafundi wavele washintsha isimo sabo sengqondo ekoloni kanye nemithetho yayo. Ngokokuqala ngqá baya okugawula izingodo, ngokwethembeka okuhle ukwenza umsebenzi wayo kuze kube isiphelo. "Asilona kubi kangako, u-Anton Semenovich! - Wathi ekupheleni Makarenko "isisulu" colonist. - Kuyoba kulungile. Siyaqonda. " Lokho kwakuyisiqalo bamakoloni ngokuhlanganyela.

Imithetho kuleli koloni

Kancane kancane, umphathi uphatha ukuhlela isiyalo abanye endaweni abahlala kuyo. "Malina" ikhanseliwe. Kusukela manje, wonke umuntu kufanele ukuhlanza imibhede yabo okulala amiswa emsebenzini. Shiya ngaphandle kwemvume wekoloni akuvunyelwe. Mthetho awavunyelwe emuva. Futhi, bonke abafundi kumele ngempela esikoleni.

Eceleni ethulwa inkinga ukweba emsebenzini "Pedagogical Inkondlo" Makarenko. Isifinyezo, ehlinzekwe ngezansi, ugcizelela kuphela lokhu. Ithimba abafundi ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu amathathu. Ukudla ngaso sonke isikhathi esanele. Abakhi bamakoloni ukweba izinto ayezidinga zivela endlini yempahla; kanye ekuqaleni kwazo imali elingekho. Umvuthwandaba uba imali kusukela izintokazi ubudala, ohlanza izindlu, owayekhonza kuleli koloni. Makarenko evumelana tinchubo, isela ezitholakele. Anton Semenovich yakhetha indlela "Inkantolo Yabantu". Burun (colonist, yicala lokweba) ukubeka phambi ngokuhlanganyela. Abafundi kuyabacasula ukungaziphathi kahle kwakhe, alungise ngokwabo ukuba banikeze isijeziso kuye. Ngenxa yalokho, Burun wathumela kokuboshwa. Ngemva kwalesi sehlakalo, umfundi uyekile ukuntshontsha.

Ukwakhiwa ithimba

Kancane kancane Wasungula iqembu yangempela kuleli koloni. Abafundi ziqondiswa hhayi kuphela kithi ngokwethu, kodwa kwabanye. Esiyingqopha emikhulu emsebenzini "Pedagogical Inkondlo" Makarenko (isiqinisekiso isifinyezo) ukudala patrol. Abakhi bamakoloni ihlelwe sokuzithandela eziqhelelene uqapha endaweni kusukela abaphangi, abazingela ngokungemthetho nabanye. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abakhileyo ezweni elizungezile ngokwesaba ubheke oda efanayo, ngokuvamile abahlukanise kusuka izigcwelegcwele sendawo, ngoba bamakoloni leqembu, kwaba isinyathelo enkulu ekuthuthukiseni. izigebengu Owabe bakwazi uzizwe amalungu agcwele umphakathi, kanjalo uzuze phakade isimo.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, bayanda ubuhlobo elikhulayo bamakoloni ngaphakathi eqenjini. Ngezenzo wasebenzisa isimiso 'eyodwa yawo wonke futhi zonke oyedwa. "

housewarming

Kukhona indawo namaqiniso angokomlando encwadini "Pedagogical Inkondlo" Makarenko. okuqukethwe iDemo umsebenzi bahluleka miss leli phuzu: ngo-1923, ikoloni esethuthela bashiya izindlu bashing. Lapha bamakoloni uphathe ukuze uqaphele iphupho wabo wezolimo. Ngokuvamile, i-ratio abafundi emakoloni babe kuhluke kakhulu kulokho eyayiyikho ekuqaleni. Zonke guys zibhekwa ngokufanelekile njengezidalwa ezingaphezu ekhaya lakhe, ngalinye ekwenzeni umnikelo ayo ukuze ukuphila iyunithi kanye nobudlelwane ngokuhlanganyela. Esikhathini umnyango waleli koloni livela wensimbi, umbazi, kanye nabanye. Izingane kancane kancane siqale ukuze balukhulume amakhono ukusebenza.

Ngo ikoloni abafundi kukhona uthando olusha - yaseshashalazini. Bafaka ngemidlalo, ebamema izakhamuzi zendawo. Kancane kancane, kodwa leyo ndawo yeshashalazi iba ukuthandwa ngempela. Futhi, abafundi baqale ukuxhumana abadumile umbhali Soviet Maxim Gorky.

Ngo-1926 i-abafana ukuthuthela Kuryazh ukuhlela ukuphila etilongweni wendawo, okuyinto isesimweni esingesihle. Hhayi nje izakhamuzi zendawo ukuthatha Gorkyites. Ngikuthola kunzima ukuletha emhlanganweni. Okokuqala, akekho Kuryazhsky bamakoloni engafuni ukusebenza - wonke umsebenzi odingekayo ukwenza inceku Makarenko. Kaningi kukhona izimpi ngenxa ekuqhutshweni ngisho iza IKhomishane Yophenyo. Ngo parallel, ukulawula phezu ingxenye iziphathimandla imisebenzi Makarenko ukugqanyiswa. imibono yakhe Pedagogical nezindlela akuzona abasekeli kuphela kodwa futhi abaphikisi, kule ndaba, senyusa izinga lomfutho womoya kuthishela. Noma kunjalo, amabutho jikelele Makarenko futhi Gorkyites kancane kancane uphathe ukusungula ukuphila Kuryazhsky bamakoloni futhi ukuhlela abasebenzi agcwele kwangempela. Apogee empilweni wekoloni iba ukuvakashelwa wakhe Maxim Gorky.

isiphetho

Ngenxa yalokho, ingcindezi Makarenko kwadingeka balishiye leli koloni. Sekuyiminyaka eyisikhombisa, u-Anton Semenovich abaqondiswa zezingane zabasebenzi zindlani OGPU yaqanjwa FE Dzerzhinsky. Naphezu ukugxeka amaningi, Makarenko umnikelo imfundo iqembu lezingane kakhulu ezazithandwa pedagogy yesimanje. Makarenko uhlelo kwadingeka abalandeli bayo, kuhlanganise phakathi ababeyiziboshwa waleli qulo. "Pedagogical Inkondlo" Makarenko - isampula omkhulu, ezisindayo, kodwa Liyindawo abalulekile, umsebenzi omkhulu lo thisha, emngceleni feat.

Umphumela womsebenzi, njengoba singabona kulokho umkhiqizo "Pedagogical Inkondlo" Makarenko (isifinyezo sale kugcizelela), yakhethwa ezingaphezu kuka 3,000 bamakoloni abaye baba izakhamuzi-agcwele nomphakathi wamaSoviet. Imininingwane yomsebenzi zemfundo lokubonakala inombolo imisebenzi ebhaliwe Makarenko. lichaza "Pedagogical Inkondlo" kafushane izimiso eziyisisekelo imisebenzi yayo ezemfundo umkhuba.