Vladimir Nabokov, "I Luzhin Defense": isifinyezo

Nabokov inoveli "I Luzhin Defense", sifinyeto okuyinto silethe ukunakwa kwakho, wabona ukukhanya ngo-1930. Ngokusho abagxeki abaningi, umlobi waleli umsebenzi esilethe ephambili umphakathi Russian tetemibhalo, wasebenza ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe.

Imibala egqamile, kodwa ngandlela-thile belusizi Nabokov uchaza vicissitudes sokuphila chess umdlali abanamakhono, ngokuba izwe ngaphandle isibe esibukweni isithombe umdlalo chess.

Yokuvalelisa Childhood

Njalo ehlobo, kancane Sasha Luzhin uchitha nabazali bakhe ezweni, futhi ekwindla umndeni wabuyela Petersburg, efulethini idolobha. Kulo nyaka empilweni bomfana, namanje kule ukunakekelwa umphathi, a waseFrance, nezinguquko ezingalindelekile Kuyothi: uyise likaSasha wamemezela ukuthi uzokuya esikolweni. Lezi zindaba kuyabethusa ethule ekhaya umfana. emcabangweni wakhe uveza ezethusayo esizayo yokuxhumana nsuku zonke nontanga yabo. iqala Ngakho indaba isiphetho wayeyisazi esizayo encwadini, osesembozweni elisuselwa umbhalo oqoshiwe laconic: "." "Vladimir Nabokov," I Luzhin Wezokuvikela. Isifinyezo izahluko ezimbalwa zokuqala ukutshela mayelana nakho sasebuntwaneni hero abasha.

Lapho umndeni Luzhin ekupheleni isizini ihlobo, ukubutha izinto ezidingekayo, ilungiselela ukuthumela edolobheni, Sasha ngqo esiteshini sesitimela ageleza ehlathini. Drizzling imvula esukela nenkani kancane endlini emzaneni. Boy ecasha ekamelweni elisophahleni ngenxa yethemba ukuthi uzothola muntu. Phakathi ezivamile elisophahleni okungenamsoco Sasha ubona chessboard ubudala, namanje ubengawazi indima eyadlalwa kuncike empilweni yakhe kamuva. Ngokushesha, abantu abadala ukuthola lo mbaleki, futhi miller darnel ezandleni athwala umfana e umgwaqo nqola. Kokuhlukana ebuntwaneni ukukhohlisa engase ibizwe ngokuthi le ngxenye kule noveli "The Luzhin Defense". Amazwibela zezinhloko wonke umsebenzi wethula umfundi abalimele imizwa usakhula, igxile izinsizwa amadoda omdala.

School yokucasukela nokungaqondi lomzali

Ubudlelwano ofunda nabo, futhi yini Sasha wesaba, akazange tente. Ekuqaleni, abafana ukugconwa kuye Antosha okuthiwa ubunjalo omunye izindaba Luzhin abaphezulu, wahlanganyela ekubhaleni izincwadi zezingane. amahlaya Caustic ikheli Sasha okhetha ukungaziboni qaphelani, umonyukela yena. Maduze, bonke aba- ke ukhohlwe kanjani ukubheka isikhala esingenalutho.

Uma kwakudingeka babhala i-eseyi emfushane ngesihloko: "V Nabokov, "I Luzhin Defense", sifinyeto ukuhlaziywa umkhiqizo kanye nezici hero, "omunye ayengasho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi kude futhi ingane mnyewu sengathi Ukuvikelwa efanayo ngokumelene nokungena umphakathi ezweni lakhe elingaphakathi. Kuba semtsetfweni lokho kugomela kulula ukubona, yaqhubeka ifunda noveli.

Ubaba, ngenyanga wavakashela isikole ukuze ufunde mayelana impumelelo indodana yakhe, ukuzwa letivela kuthishela umfana, nakuba ayengafiki ngaphandle ikhono, kodwa evilaphayo kakhulu futhi bezynitsiativen. Intuthuko isifundo esikoleni izifundo Sasha akazanga nakwezinye izingxoxo aba nazo nabazali ngesihloko cwaningo ayethanda ukuba athule, kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka kwaqubuka intukuthelo unmotivated. Ubaba uqala usola ukuthi indodana kuphela iyagula lokugula nengqondo, kodwa namanje ithemba ukuthi umfana ulinde ngokuzuma.

Thola ezweni chess

Ngonyaka ngosuku okwenzeka ngalo ukufa Umkhulu likaSasha komama endlini Luzhin wahlela kusihlwa zomculo, kusukela bakamufi ubudala kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso umqambi ezinhle. Omunye abaculi isivakashi, nabo Sasha wagijima ngephutha ku ehhovisi kayise, engxoxweni emfushane, ngomdlandla likhuluma umdlalo chess, sokubizwa ngokuthi "mkhuba of the Gods." Kuyaziwa ukuthi ubuciko umdwebo esijulile izinkinga chess ngisho Vladimir Nabokov ezaziwayo. "I Luzhin Defense" - isifinyezo sezinto imibono yakhe mayelana lo mdlalo wasendulo, ukukhinyabezeka kwayo ekuphileni kwabantu.

Ngosuku olulandelayo, lapho umama womfana esethatha ukuxabana noyise, zokusola umyeni wakhe lokungakholwa, Sasha waphinda zinhlanga ehhovisi lakhe. Nasi umzala kathathu isuswe unina, uhambele endlini Luzhin. Lokho lona wesifazane wayesekhulile impela imbangela kungamanyala phakathi kwabazali. Umfana ucela u-anti wakhe bamfundisa ukudlala chess. Yena izaba ngaphansi izaba zokuthi yokufunda kungase kuthathe isikhathi esiningi. Umfana ephikelela kokwakhe, no-anti wakhe, uyakhululeka kubonisa indlela ukuhlela izibalo, uchaza imithetho ukunyakaza phezu chessboard. Uma uthi nhlá, izenzakalo enovelini "I Luzhin Defense", sifinyeto okuyinto sizama ukuwudlulisela zikhula kancane futhi ngempela abavamile.

intsha umbhikisho

Ngolunye usuku Sasha wayebheke umdlalo we-chess nofunda nabo abo. Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu kungalindelekile umfana uthola ukuthi, hhayi ukukwazi ukudlala, ukuqonda umphumela imilingo inkulu kakhulu kunangendlela ontanga yayo. Ngaso sona isikhatheso engqondweni yakhe ukuvuthwa uhlelo ukusebenzisa Sasha lohleliwe uqale ngakusasa. Esiqintini noveli "The Luzhin Defense", sifinyeto okuyinto angazamukela eziningi imininingwane ebalulekile, lapho kufika esinye sezenzakalo ezivelele.

Sengathi wayezomvusa esikoleni, umfana ayisekho ukuya emakilasini, sichitha izinsuku eside endlini yesibili umzala anti. Young woman umnikeza izifundo zakhe kuqala umdlalo we-chess. Khona-ke ukuqeqeshwa likaSasha uqala ukuhlanganyela exhegwini, ngubani ngokuvamile isimenywa umamncane. Mayelana esikoleni truancy ngokushesha iba abazali eyaziwa endlini futhi kukhuphukele emakhaleni ami amahlazo. Kodwa Sasha ayisaxhunyanisiwe ayinandaba, yena ngomdlandla uhlola omagazini, ukudlala i-chess imidlalo kubo.

Ukulahlekelwa kuqala futhi ekuqaleni career chess

Ngemva kwesonto, le Luzhin young ithola mayelana nokufa bomuntu omdala, lowo wathatha izifundo. Lezi zindaba umthwalo osindayo ababuthakathaka psyche umfana. Abazali kufanele nisuse Sasha phesheya ukuba babanikeze ukwelashwa ngoba eside ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile lona umama ebuyela eRussia, u-Alexander uhlala noyise. Luzhin abaphezulu kukhulunywa ngayo kaningi esidlangalaleni intokazi, lapho umfana ifunda yakhe yesibili umzala anti. Ngokushesha kuvela Petersburg yocingo ekumemezeleni ukufa unina Sasha.

Baba, indodana, benamandla inkanuko chess, umvumele ukuba iqhaza tournaments ehlukahlukene. Lo mfana omncane uwina anqobe izizwe eziningi, lo msebenzi uqala ukuletha hhayi kuphela udumo nemali. Inhlangano chess imincintiswano simul ngokukhethekile bakhangwa indoda - Mnu Valentine.

Life ekudingisweni nomshado

IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kanye Okthoba Revolution ophoqelelwe umndeni Luzhin ekugcineni zijwayeza phesheya, bephatha yokuhlala e Berlin. Ngo-1928, Luzhin uyakhumbula abaphezulu ngomcabango wakhe omdala ukuba babhale incwadi ngendoda abanamakhono abasha owafa ekuseni. umkhiqizo imininingwane wacabangisisa, kodwa into evimbela kwetfulwe loluhlelo. Ngokushesha kuba sobala ukuthi umbhali yena angase-babe eside ukuphila: ngenxa umkhuhlane ezinzima ikhulela isifo samaphaphu, ukufa okuzumayo kuhilelani.

Luzhin Young yaphenduka umuntu surly nge niwubone umzimba wakhe esindayo owayesekhokhoba oqhubeka chess umsebenzi wakhe. Zonke iqembu lakhe ekunqobeni igcwaliswe ingashintshiwe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, uthemba ukuthi iwine isicoco. Nakuba ukulungiselela omunye tournaments ezibaluleke kakhulu Alexander wahlangana nentombazane Russian abaqhamuka emindenini abaphuma kwamanye amazwe. Wentombi wathi Luzhin kungcono ungungqondongqondo, futhi ngokushesha, naphezu kokuphikisa kwabazali, ashade naye.

Ukuxuba imidlalo esingokoqobo

Invincible chess umdlali ophethe bashiye zonke izimbangi. Kodwa lo mqhudelwano kufanele kube juqu siphikisana Umphikisi ongumakad 'ebona - GM kusuka Italy Turati umndeni. Amahora ukulwa iphazamisekile futhi alicacisi winner, isikhundla kwi chessboard kubonisani draw.

Kunzima ukudlala amabutho uyakhathaza ngokuphelele Luzhin, okuholela nangenye sezinzwa ukuwohloka futhi eside nokugula. Ngesiphakamiso unkosikazi udokotela efuna ukusula zonke izinkumbulo Alexander chess, uzama kungekho zimfanelo umdlalo akazange uhlangabezana amehlo akhe. Kodwa kule fevered ubuchopho chess ngezigameko empilweni yangempela ziqine kusahlangene nezinkinga chess.

Valentine, zazo kule minyaka embalwa edlule akuzwakalanga lutho, uyakhumbula ucingo lwakhe, ecela umhlangano Luzhin. Unkosikazi, omema ukugula Alexander Valentinov ophika isicelo sakhe. Esikhathini izinhlelo eliseduzane owakwakhe - ukuthuthela kwelinye idolobha, kanti ngaphambi kwalokho ukuya emathuneni kayise. Lapha siqala ukuqagela kungani igama esethiwa lona umsebenzi wakhe Nabokov - "The Luzhin Defense". Amazwibela izahluko lokhu inoveli kusisondeza le sincumo ngesakhiwo.

Zonke imicabango wayeyisazi chess wahlanganyela ukuhlaziya umdlalo ungakapheli. Engqondweni yakhe, chess izingcezu ukuthatha izithombe kubantu ayesebenzelana nabo owayeke wahlangana, futhi uhamba umdlalo elihlobene ne izenzo zabanye noma ngezenzo zabo. Inhloko abami Luzhin ihlele Ukuvikelwa esingangeneki ekuhlaselweni isitha. Chess umdlali uyaqiniseka ukuthi kuphela ezingalindelekile, ngisho ithuba kuyindida, uyakwazi ukuphula amacebo abaphikisi sika. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, chess isu ithwala phezu ukuba izenzakalo zangempela emhlabeni.

Usesho buhlungu intuthuko kweqiniso

Ngolunye usuku, lapho befika edolobheni, ephelezelwa umkakhe kanye nomamezala Luzhin kubenza bangabi ngaphansi kwebhaxa ngokuvakashela wamazinyo. Yena iyazula ezitaladini, kuziwa ezihlukahlukene izindawo, ezifana amathrekhi iyadida. Uyakuqonda ukuthi ngeke bakwazi ukufeza zonke lezi zenzo ayimisha, aye zonke is chess abaphikisi ezaziwayo, ngakho ukunqoba. Defense - isifinyezo sezinto amasu ukuphila abantu ngezinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezihlobene ne umdlalo we-chess.

Esondela endlini yakhe, Luzhin wahlangana emnyango kuya umngane ubudala Valentine. Indoda okukhulunywa ngayo izihlalo imoto futhi kuthatha ukuba studio, lapho usebenza namuhla. Valentine ezama ukuncenga Luzhin Inkanyezi isici ifilimu iqhaza laba badlali. Alexander unomuzwa wokuthi inhlolovo - kuphela ibhaxa qinisa kube ephathini kokulahlekelwa ukwenza ukuba sithuthe okungalungile.

Kuvele Ikhambi elihlakaniphile ku mnogohodovki eziyinkimbinkimbi

Luzhin isifika ekhaya, neze antante phansi phezulu. Ngokushesha uqala ukuba udabule leli amakamelo zokuhlala, naphezu izicelo ukuyeka okhalayo unkosikazi futhi uchaze ukuthi kwenzekani. Ekugcineni Luzhin eqeda marathon yakhe ibeka etafuleni eliseceleni kombhede okuqukethwe emaphaketheni akhe, futhi uyawanga nesandla somkakhe. "Lo mnyakazo kwesokudla kuphela akatholakali! Udinga nje ushiye umdlalo, iwe lokho! "- lo mbono esikhanyisa avuvukele umcabango chess buchopho.

Kuleli kusihlwa endlini wamema. Yizwa iringi lokuqala emnyango, maid ugijima phansi, nomkami Ukuza wamukelekile. Uthatha isikhashana Luzhin ikhiyiwe egumbini lokugezela. Standing emashalofini lapha umbophi Alexander ekhwela phezu sill iwindi okusezingeni eliphezulu. Imilenze yakhe ensimbi alenga ngaphandle, imuncwe ngokujulile emoyeni nesithwathwa. Umnyango wathuthumela ngaphansi ukuhlaselwa kwabantu ukhathazekile ngokucacile wezwa izwi lomkakhe. Kodwa akukho umdlali chess bangazikhathazi. Wayekulungele ukwenza ijika lokugcina okuholela yokunqoba futhi nenkululeko engenamingcele. A ngomzuzu olandelayo umnyango yokugezela namanje akhishwe, kodwa kwakungekho muntu wokukusindisa kakade.

Iphela kanjalo iminyaka esahlukweni sokugcina inoveli, esiqintini elibamba incazelo eliyingqayizivele, futhi isihloko akuyona ornateness kakhulu (kodwa wanquma ukubhala - Vladimir Nabokov) - "The Luzhin Defense". Amazwana ngalokhu umsebenzi kungenziwa generalized lokuveza konke umusho owodwa: umthwalo ubuhlakani, uyakwazi ukumelana akubona bonke. Kodwa lokhu akulona iphutha, kodwa amashwa abantu, wanika amathalenta ezehlukile. Aint it?