Mozart yayifile lapho bembela o? Biography kanye nomsebenzi kaWolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - nomele eliqhakazile esikoleni saseVienna classical. Yena lolungenamaphutsa yingcweti amafomu ahlukahlukene omculo besikhathi sakhe, ayenazo ithalenta ukuzwa improviser eliyingqayizivele futhi ezingavamile. Kafushane, genius. Futhi emhlabeni ukuphila nokufa genius ngokuvamile eziningi amahebezi ukufunisela. Umqambi wafa eneminyaka engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu. Ukufa kwakhe zokuqala wavusa impikiswano, kwakheka isisekelo kwesiqinti imisebenzi ebhaliwe. Mozart wafa? Yayiyini imbangela yokufa kwakhe isigubhukane? Futhi lapho Mozart ungcwatshwe?

Umqambi kabani Umlando womuntu ophilako ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka labacwaningi nesithakazelo emhlabeni wonke, wafa ngo-1791. Imilando zabantu abadumile wanquma ukuqala kusukela ekuzalweni. Kodwa biography kaMozart inkulu ukuze yimiphi nezikhathi kuyinto azinake. Lesi sihloko ngokuyinhloko sigxila kanjani Mozart wafa. Luningi ukufunisela. Kodwa ngokusho version esemthethweni imbangela yokufa kwaba nokugula okuthatha isikhathi eside. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuqhubeka incazelo zinsuku zokugcina zalesi Mozart, kufanele ngokufingqiwe yomlando wakhe.

ebuntwaneni

Okwazalelwa kaWolfgang Amadeus Mozart? City of ebuntwaneni inkathi yokuthomba umculi omkhulu e Salzburg. uyise Amadeus kwakuyisipho violin. ULeopold Mozart wanikezela ukuphila kwakhe nezingane. Wenza yonke into indodakazi yakhe kanye babe kubafanele imfundo zomculo. Lokho umculo. amakhono abahlukile kusukela zisencane yabonisa njengoba Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, ogama biography is okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, futhi udadewabo omdala Nannerl.

Leopold baqala ukufundisa indodakazi yakhe ukudlala Harpsichord kunalokho ekuseni. Wolfgang kwaba ngaleso sikhathi ngazo zonke ezincane. Kodwa walandela izifundo dade ngokuphinda izindinyana ezithile zomculo. Khona-ke Leopold wanquma ukuthi indodana yakhe kufanele nakanjani ube umqambi. Wolfgang njengoba Nannerl yakhe, abacula lwaqala ekuqaleni kakhulu. Izethameli umxhwele umdlalo bokuhlela.

Ubusha futhi ekuqaleni kwendalo

Kusukela 1781 hero lesi sihloko wahlala eVienna. Beethoven, Haydn - Classic. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart kanye nalaba abaculi omkhulu, wadala imisebenzi uzobe siyikhohlwe. Safinyelela enjalo kwakunokwenzeka hhayi kuphela ngenxa ithalente kokuzalwa, kodwa ukuphikelela kwabo, umsebenzi onzima.

Uneminyaka emingaki Mozart wafa? Umqambi kwakungamakhora angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu kuphela. Futhi iminyaka eyishumi ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, wahlala Vienna. Ngalesi isikhathi esifushane Wolfgang uye savela umculi omncane owaziwa umqambi enkulu.

Indlu kwakungekaNkulunkulu Weber, emkhayeni wayenamadodakazi ezintathu abangashadile. Omunye wabo - umfazi ikusasa UWolfgang, Constance. Ngawo lowo nyaka, lapho ngokokuqala ngqa sawela embundwini endlini Weber sika, waqala ukudala opera "I Ukuthunjwa Kwezingane kusukela Seraglio." Lo msebenzi wawubhekwa evunywe zomphakathi saseVienna, kodwa igama Mozart kwakusadingeka Asizange silinganiswe isisindo emibuthanweni zomculo.

inkazimulo

Ngokushesha, Mozart washada Konstantsii Veber. Ngemva komshado, ubuhlobo bakhe noyise baba iziyaluyalu. Mozart Sr. kuze izinsuku zakhe zokugcina ingeyamakhosi udade-nobutha. Inani Eliphakeme Lodumo Wolfgang kuyinto phakathi Eighties. Eminyakeni embalwa ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, uqala imali enkulu. Mozarts ukuhambisa efulethini elibizayo, ukuqasha inceku abe upiyano ngemali crazy ngaleso sikhathi. Lo mculi oshaya i-ubungane uHaydn, abake ngisho inikeza iqoqo imisebenzi yakhe.

Ngo-February 1785 izethameli yethulwa Piano Concerto e D ezincane. "Kungani i-Mozart omkhulu washona ngo ubumpofu?" - ngezinye izikhathi ungezwa umbuzo onjalo. Kuyini ngesisekelo ngokubona izinkathazo zezimali wopiyano futhi umqambi? Ngempela, phakathi nawo-Eighties Mozart kwaba ngaleso isiqongo ngodumo lwakhe. Wayengomunye umculi abacebe e Vienna e 1787. Eminyakeni emine ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, wathumela indodana yakhe kuleso sikhungo eqolo futhi ohlonishwa zemfundo. Futhi lowo mnyaka, wopiyano omkhulu wajoyina lodge Masonic. Kodwa eminyakeni yamuva, isimo sezimali umqambi kancane zazamazama. Kodwa namanje kwakusala kude ubumpofu.

izinkinga zezimali

Ngo 1789, unkosikazi Wolfgang wagula. Waphoqwa ukuba ayithumele ekhaya resort spa ukuthi ikunikinele isimo sakhe sezimali. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, Constance waya isichibiyelo. Ngaleso sikhathi-ke kwadingeka kwaba nempumelelo enkulu, "Ukuhlanganiswa Figaro." Mozart waqala ukubhala iziqephu yemidlalo. Waqale wabhala kuyi-opera. Nokho, imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala asiphumelelanga.

Ngonyaka odlule ngenxa yokuphila Mozart isibe yathela impela. Wabhala encwadini G symphony ezincane, wathola okuthunyelwe ka Kapellmeister. Futhi, ekugcineni, ngaqala ukusebenza "Requiem". It usebenza nge Mozart isiyalele ongamazi ethanda ukumdumisa inkumbulo umkakhe.

requiem

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, ogama biography ngokumangalisayo engenakulibaleka, naphezu kokufa kwakhe zakuqala, wabhala imisebenzi ezingenakubalwa. Wayefanele abafundi abaningi, wathola ngesikhathi impilo imiklomelo emihle kusukela kushicilelwe imisebenzi yakhe. Ngaphambi nje kokufa kwakhe, waqala ukudala umsebenzi wakhe zakamuva - "Requiem". Umsebenzi ngakho ambamba, ukuthi isidlulile ukuba benze abafundi. Ngaphandle impilo yayo ngokuzumayo saqala ukwehla usuku ngalunye oludlulayo.

iminyaka Ngolwazi ukuthi Mozart wafa, watshelwa kamuva, izihlobo, ofakazi ukufa umqambi omkhulu sika. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka indodana umculi. Ngokusho izinkumbulo abathandekayo, Mozart kungazelelwe kwaba kubi kangangokuthi kwadingeka ushayele udokotela. Futhi hhayi amanye, kodwa okungcono eVienna. Ngempela, udokotela esesizile umculi. Nokho, ngcono akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside. Mozart wehla ngokushesha ngokuphelele.

Acute imfiva unyaluthi

Ngokwe-Umlando we Sofi Veber - udadewabo umculi - emva isimo sakhe sawohloka, izihlobo wanquma ukubiza omunye udokotela. Isizathu sokufa Mozart sika impikiswano, ngoba izimpawu zawo zazilotshiwe engavamile kangangokuthi odokotela awavunyelwe ukuvumelana uphethwe.

Evikini yamuva, umqambi kwaqina ukuzwa. Ehlupheka ebuhlungwini babulawa, ngisho emzimbeni wakhe ngokuthinta izingubo. Mozart nsuku buthaka. Futhi nje, isimo sakhe sawohloka ngenxa izindlela abangaphelele wezokwelapha. Isiguli njalo kwakubekelwa sophe: le ndlela yokwelapha, ngalezo zinsuku sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi jikelele. Okwamanje imbangela yokufa of Mozart, mhlawumbe, ngabe sekusungulwe, uma ephila ngekhulu xxi. Ekhulwini nesishiyagalombili, imithi babekhona, ukusho okungenani, ukungasebenzi kahle. Isitifiketi wayeyisazi ukufa wema: acute imfiva amabele.

Lesi sifo wahlupheka ngesikhathi ingxenye ezinhle sabantu saseVienna. Indlela yokuphatha kulo, odokotela abazi. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi omunye odokotela, ngokuvakashela ukufa, waphetha, ayikwazi ukulondolozwa.

ubuthakathaka Jikelele

Life kanye Works of Mozart - ngesihloko izincwadi eziningi, amabhayisikobho imibhalo. ithalente lakhe ezingavamile kwatholakala zisencane. Kodwa ngaphandle amakhono esiyingqayizivele, Mozart, kuphambene ukuhlakanipha okungokwesiko, ukukhuthala okungavamile. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa sendlela Mozart wafa, kusho okuningi namuhla. Kukhona inguqulo ukuthi umculi omkhulu nomona Salieri anobuthi. Kodwa abantu besikhathi umqambi bacabanga ngendlela ehlukile.

Ngemva kokufa kaMozart, abanye odokotela babethi wayegqugquzela ebulawa isifo ezinzima ezithathelwanayo. Umzimba akakwazanga ukulwa naso ngenxa buthakathaka jikelele. A emtimbeni Mozart kwakubangelwa iminyaka eminingi emsebenzini bengaphumuli nokuphumula.

Kule minyaka edlule, abacwaningi nzima ukusungula sitholakele umculi. Esikhathini amarekhodi Sofi Veber nezinye izihlobo eziphikisanayo eziningi. Kuyinto lezi zimo futhi ekhiqizwa eningi izinguqulo kokufa Amadeus Mozart. Ake sicabangele ngayinye yalezi zinkulumo.

Salieri

Inguqulo ukuthi Mozart wafa ebulawa nomona, - okuvame kakhulu. Futhi lokho kwaba ngesisekelo nhlekelele Pushkin sika. Ngokusho kwale nguqulo, impilo kanye nemisebenzi Mozart yahaqwa ukungenzi lutho. Nature awanikeze umculi okuthiwa ithalente kangaka ezenza umzamo kungadingeki. Zonke Mozart kuphumelele kwamandla, kalula. Futhi Salieri, kunalokho, ukuze yonke imizamo yabo zehlulekile ukufinyelela futhi ingxenyenamba esidabukisayo yini eyayingenziwa Mozart.

Umsebenzi kusekelwe eqanjiwe Pushkin sika. Kodwa abafundi abaningi namuhla musa ukuhlukanisa fantasy okuvela kumbhali waqinisekisa amaqiniso. Heroes Pushkin baphikisa ngokuthi futhi ungungqondongqondo okubi - imiqondo engahambelani. Ngo imisebenzi umbhali Russian ishukumisa Mozart Salieri ushevu, ngoba bengavumelani naye. Yena okholwa ukuthi ngokuletha engenzi lutho, kodwa umqambi wezingoma onekhono umhlatshelo art.

Inkolelo yokuthi Salieri ingumbulali, ubhekwa omunye izinguqulo futhi ngoba ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, kwelinye zomlando isonto watholakala ukuvuma kwayo, lapho Wavuma bephenduka ezenzweni zabo. Ukuqinisekiswa yokuthi idokhumenti saba khona, akukho. Nokho, namuhla iningi abayithandayo Mozart BakaJehova bayaqiniseka ukuthi wayeyisazi waba isisulu sokuthunjwa emoneni "nozakwethu".

Constance

Kukhona enye inguqulo ubuthi. abalandeli bayo bakholelwa ukuthi Mozart ithunyelwa ukukhanya ngumkayo. Futhi mina amsize kulesi esinye abafundi umculi. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amahemuhemu, le abanothando kuthandana Constance futhi Zyusmayra ephelezelwa incazelo ngobudlelwane nokubuyisana inhliziyo kakhulu futhi. unkosikazi Othandwa Mozart kwaba wokuvelela kakhulu, uma hhayi careerist. Futhi wayengakhuluma kahle uqale nge Constance kule ndaba kuphela lime uthisha wakhe omkhulu. Kodwa lokho Zyusmayru kudingeka balahle Mozart? Lokho kwakuyoba ngimnikele ukufa kwakhe na?

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nguqulo kuba ngaphansi ozwakalayo uma sicabangela iqiniso lokuthi walondoloza idayari yakhe ngemva kokufa umculi. Futhi liwubufakazi ukuzinikela ejulile nothando eyayivamile umndeni Mozart.

ukubulala isiko

Ekugcineni, inguqulo yakamuva. Uma sithatha ku-akhawunti labo akhuluma ukufa kobudlova kuphela, lokhu cishe ozwakalayo kakhulu. Njengoba sekushiwo, umculi omkhulu wawuphezu lodge Masonic. Masons bavame ukusiza 'abafowabo' abengeziwe. Kodwa abazange asiza Mozart lapho labhekana nezinkinga zezimali ezinzima. Baze indiva kokufa umqambi, okungazange kukhanselwe njengophawu ulilela emhlanganweni webandla olandelayo.

Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi wabulala ngenhloso kaMozart ukudala ebhokisini. Kwelinye imisebenzi yakhe yokugcina - "The Magic umtshingo" - wasebenzisa izimpawu Masonic. Makube nomboniso into efana Inhlamba ayizange yamukelwe. Mhlawumbe Mozart ebulale umfowabo Masons.

interment

Mayelana lapho bembela o-Mozart waziwa. Emathuneni of St. Mark. Usuku ukungcwatshwa uhlala impikiswano. Ngokusho version olusemthethweni - 6 Disemba. Kuyinkolelo eyamukelwa abaningi babekholelwa ukuthi Mozart wangcwatshwa ethuneni elilodwa elikhulu senzelwe abampofu. Kodwa, ngokusho kwezazi-mlando, ukungcwatshwa esenzeka isigaba sesithathu. Kwakungekhona umngcwabo ompofu, kodwa hhayi eziholela yokuvalelisa umcimbi umqambi omkhulu, wopiyano futhi uthisha. Njengoba kunjalo ngokuvamile kwenzeka, inkazimulo kweqiniso ukuze Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart weza ngemva kokufa kwakhe.