I-Purim iyiholide yamaJuda. Uyini usuku lwePurim?

I-Purim iyiholide yamaJuda, iningi likhumbuza imikhosi. Kugujwa ngenyanga egcwele. I-Purim, iholidi lamaJuda, liwela ngosuku lweshumi nane lwenyanga ngaphansi kwegama elithi Adar. Ngokuvamile lolo suku luhambelana noMashi noma ngoFebhuwari ngokwekhalenda likaGregory.

Iyini i-Purim eyinikezelwe?

Ezinikezele ePurim, iholidi lamaJuda, umcimbi ochazwe eNcwadini ka-Esteri, ukukhululwa kukaHamani, umcindezeli wamaJuda asePheresiya. Igama layo livela ngegama elithi "pur", okusho "iningi." U-Amani wayefuna ukubhubhisa izitha zakhe, amaJuda, ngosuku oluthile. Lolu suku (ngenyanga yeshumi nantathu ye-adar) lukhethwe ngengozi. Nokho, ngendlela emangalisayo, amaJuda awazange asuswe kuphela ubuso bomhlaba, kodwa akwazi ukunqoba izitha, futhi ngosuku lweshumi nane bawugubha ukunqoba kwabo. Ngakho igama elithi "Purim" (iholide lamaJuda).

Uyini usuku lukaPurimi emadolobheni ahlukene akwa-Israyeli?

Enhloko-dolobha yasePheresiya (namuhla leli zwe libizwa ngokuthi i-Iran), edolobheni laseShushani, lizungezwe udonga lwamaqhawe, ukunqoba kunqotshwa ngosuku olulandelayo, ngakho-ke wagubha lapha ngo-15 Adar, 3405. Abahlakaniphile kulokhu kuxhumana banqume ukuthi i-adar engu-15 izogubha emadolobheni asePurim asePurim azungezile. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini sethu sigubha eTel Aviv ngomhla ka-14. Futhi eJerusalema ngo-15 ka-Adari kugubha iPurim, iholidi lamaJuda.

Binge

I-leitmotif ye-Purim iyinhlangano yomkhosi wokugcoba okumnandi. I-Talmud ngalolu suku ivumela umJuda ukuba aphuze aze akwazi ukuhlukanisa inkulumo ethi "Damn Haman!" Kusukela "uModekhayi ohlala isikhathi eside!". Kubalulekile ukukhokha amaJuda, ezinye izivumelwano zokholo ezingaboni. Bazama ngalolu suku ngawo wonke amandla abo ukuze bafeze i-oda le-Talmudic. Ingilazi ye-whisky engokomfanekiso idakiwe ngisho nangama-teetotalers aqinisekisiwe. Iholide yamaJuda kaPurimi kwa-Israyeli wanamuhla iye yaba njengomkhosi. Ukujabula ngesikhathi esifanayo bamemeza leli gama elilandelayo: "Isihogo siyingozi!" Lawa angamazwi avela ku-Talmud, okusho ukuthi ngokuhumusha: "Kuze kube yilapho eseqeda ukuhlukanisa."

Ukuzila ukudla u-Esteri (u-Esteri)

Iposi elihlonishwayo lika-Esta liqala ngehora leseholide. Kuphela usuku lonke. Imithetho yakhe ayifani nemithetho yamanye amaposi (isibonelo, iTeenth Tevet noma i-Post of Gedal).

Le ncwadi itjela u-Esteri ukuthi wabuza uMoridekayi ukuba aqoqe wonke amaJuda enhloko-dolobha ukuze athandaze futhi azila ukudla kwezinsuku ezintathu. Ngemva kwalokhu u-Esteri waya ukucela ukuxolelwa kwabantu enkosini. Yena, ophula umthetho wenkantolo, wazithoba engozini yokufa.

U-Esteri okusheshayo emasinagogeni uqala ngomthandazo ekuseni "Slihot" (okungukuthi, imithandazo yokuphenduka). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ivesi elivela eTorah lifundwa futhi. Ikhuluma ukuthi, ngomkhuleko wabantu abonile ngokukhonza ithole legolide, uMose uyanxusa.

Kusuka kokuthunyelwe ngokushesha uqale iholide futhi ujabule ePurim (usuku lomkhosi yi-14 yesiganga). Ukushintsha okubukisayo kusikhumbuza ukuthi kumnandi, hhayi ukuxubana nosizi, akukhona kuleli zwe.

Umkhosi esinagogeni

Abantu ngemva kokushona kwelanga baya esinagogeni. Kukhona izingane eziningi esinagogeni ePurim. Lona kusihlwa eNdlini kaNkulunkulu kubantwana. Ngakho leli holide lakhulelwa, ngakho wahlala. Izingane ngalolu suku zizwa amalungelo abo kunabo. Bangena esinagogeni ngama-ratchets namafulege, okukhiqiza umsindo ongaqondakali.

Khona-ke, emva komkhuleko kusihlwa, iNcwadi ka-Esteri iphindwe. Iqala ngokucophelela futhi ngokujulile ngesibusiso sokufunda. Amavesi okuqala ahlabelelwa ngendlela yokucula, ngoba isisusa esikhethekile samukelwa kuphela eholidini likaPurim. Izingane ziyakhathazeka ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Ebiza igama likaHamani esinagogeni

Isahluko sokuqala sifundwa, silandelwe okwesibili, emva kwalokho umzuzwana ufika ngomusho osalinde isikhathi eside okhuluma ngoHamani. Leli gama lidala ukunyathelisa, ukushaya umkhosi ngeholide yamaJuda kaPurim. Isiguli silinde ngesineke. Kancane kancane, umsindo uyancipha. Uyaqhubeka nokufunda futhi lapho ebuyela futhi egameni elithi "Aman", ukukhala nokukhala ngekhanda kuphinda kuphindwe. Ukufunda ngalokhu akuyeki, kodwa umsindo uvame kabusha. Lokhu kudonsela izingane ngokuningi. Njalo ngezikhathi ezithile, ngesikhathi sokufunda, ukuthula okunamandla nakho konke okukhulunywa ngegama lika-Aman kunika umsindo. Encwadini ka-Esteri, kunezindawo lapho kwenzeka khona izikhathi eziningana esigabeni esifushane. Uqalekisa futhi ukhale umsindo, njengama-shot shots, ePurim (iholidi lamaJuda). Uma ukubekezela komfundi ekugcineni sekuphelile (akunakwenzeka ukufunda uma umzuzu ngamunye uphazamisekile), uphendukela ezinganeni, ugijimise izintambo zakhe, uphonsa umlandi. Yiqiniso, abafana balinde nje. Bamukela inselelo. Umzabalazo onesihluku uqhubeka phakathi kwezingane kanye nomfundi kuze kube sekugcineni. Uzama ukubiza igama likaHamani ngendlela esheshayo, engafanelekile, kodwa lokhu akusizi. Njalo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yini, kubangela ukukhala okukhulu. Ekugcineni umfundi ohlukunyeziwe, othukuthele, ophelelwe ithemba, owakhuluma, othumayo, amavesi okugcina. Futhi isinagoge liyamemeza ngokukhala okukhulu. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi akulungile ukuthi umfundi endimeni yakhe ubonakale ethatha inzondo ebangelwa uHamani, kodwa lokhu kwenzeka njalo.

Ngokwesiko, iholidi lePurim ligujwa ngalendlela. Lesi siko sinamandla kakhulu, futhi iningi lamabandla aseMelika aseMelika aguqukayo futhi alondolozayo ayazi kahle. Ukungathandwa kwabathelisi esikubona kungenazo zonke izinkolo eziphilayo.

Ukumelwa kwamasonto

Ukuzijabulisa kobudlova ePurim kuyaqhubeka. Kulolu suku, ngokusho kwesiko, ukuhlinzekwa okuhlukahlukene kwemiklomelo kunikezwa. Ukuhambela abaculi abake benza ngokuphumelela okungashintshi emadolobheni aseRussia nasePoland ukudlala ngo-Aman no-Esther. Namuhla, le ndaba idlalwe ekwenzeni kanye nezitshudeni ezifanele.

"Torah Purima"

Ngisho nasemahhovisi angasese, lapho amaJuda athandekayo efunda khona imiBhalo, amahlaya ahlasela. "I-Torah Purima" ifana nomdlalo we-parody we-scholarly treatise. Ngosizo lendlela yeTalimmu, ifakazela "iqiniso" lokungabikho okungaqondakali. Leli logi eliyinqaba lenzelwe ukukhombisa ukungahambisani ngendlela yeTalimmu eqondile.

Incazelo yePurim

I-Purim iyiholide yamaJuda, ukuthokozisa kakhulu kokunye. Amaphrezentheshini ahlelwe ngalesi sikhathi, nge-yeshivas yanamuhla aphendulelwa ekuhlaziyeni okuhlukahlukene kwamapardikhi nomculo namavesi. Kubantu abahloniphekile, akekho owodwa ovalwe kulokhu ukuhleka usulu kulolu suku. AbaRabbi kanye nabafundisi, ngokuzithandela, bahlanganyela ekuzijabuliseni, ngisho nokuzilimaza ngokwabo. I-Purim ingenye ye-valve yokuphumula, ngenxa yokuthi, kanye nokuhleka nokuhleka, ukuphazamiseka kokukhathazeka nokucasula kuqoqwe kulo lonke unyaka.

Nokho, lokhu akusona isikhathi sokuzijabulisa nokuzijabulisa kuphela. NgomJuda, uPurim ubeka imisebenzi emine yenkolo: ukunikeza abampofu umusa, ukulalela ukufundwa kweMegilla (okungukuthi, indaba ka-Esteri), okwenza izipho kubangani nomakhelwane, nokudla ukudla okumnandi. Ukupha isipho (ukunikela ngezipho) kubizwa ngokuthi i-mishloach manot. Kuyinto evamile ukuletha isiphuzo kanye nokudla, okudliwa futhi kudliwe ngosuku olufanayo.

I-Mishloach manot

Akumangalisi ukuthi okhokho babaluleke kakhulu kuleli holide. Babegqoke ukudla okuya endlini ngendlu bembethe ilineni bese befaka amapuleti. Kwakudingeka ukuba uqaphele kakhulu: uma kwakunesizathu esibi kakhulu sokuthumela ukudla okungalungile noma cha, ubuningi bawo, nomuntu okwakucatshangelwe ukuthi angacasulwa. Ukudla okubizwa ngokuthi amaSikhombisa kaPurimi kuvame ukuqala emini bese kuqhubeka usuku lonke. Njengoba zizungezwe izivakashi, umndeni waqala ukudla nokuphuza, futhi wadla ngokufana neminikelo yama-mishloach manot. Yonke iminyango yayivulekile, futhi izivakashi zazingena emkhosini owodwa ziye kwenye. Phakathi kwamaJuda kwakungekho nendoda empofu, okwakuyololu suku ngeke lamukelwe kunoma yimuphi umuzi, nomaphi lapho eya khona. Le nkambiso emiphakathini enkolo kakhulu iyaqhubeka isebenza kuze kube manje. E-United States of America, mhlawumbe ayikwazi ukuvuselelwa ngokugcwele.

Ngesikhathi sokudla i-homantashen yokudla kukhonzwa (ekuhunyushweni - "izindlebe zikaHamani") - i-dessert ekhethekile, kanye namapayipi amancane ahlotshaniswa nezinhlamvu ezincane ze-poppy, ama-apricot, umlimi omuncu kanye nezinye izinto zokugqoka.

Izindloko zokudla zendabuko zaleli holide zihlanganisa la ma-pie, okukhumbuza noma izindlebe zikaHamani, noma izikhwama zakhe, noma isigqoko. Ukugcwalisa okumnandi, okufihlekile ngaphakathi kwalokhu okuthakazelisayo, kubonisa ukuhlanganyela kukaMninimandla onke kule ndaba. Kwaba yinkambiso eMpumalanga Yurophu ukukhonza i-halo enomvini omisiwe ePurim, ngoba ukubusiswa kweGamotsi isinkwa yingxenye ebalulekile yokudla. Wasebenzela nezinye izitsha, okubandakanya i-turkey, i-kreplah (amadombolo anokugcwalisa), imbewu kanye nobhontshisi.

Lona ngumkhosi wePurim prair kwa-Israyeli, nakwamanye amazwe lapho kukhona khona imiphakathi yamaJuda.