Ingxenye iyingxenye yenethiwekhi

Ingxenye yenethiwekhi ingxenye yayo ehlukanisiwe ngokomzimba noma eqondakalayo. Lokhu, okushoyo, yiyona ingxenye enkulu yezinhlelo zokuxhumana zomhlaba jikelele. Ngamanye amazwi, ingxenye iyisiqoqo sezakhi ezisebenzisa imvelo yabelana ngayo imidiya. Amanethiwekhi angahlukaniswa yizingxenye eziningi, futhi ngayinye ngayinye ingakwazi ukuhlukaniswa izigaba ezahlukene zokuxhumana.

Amanethiwekhi ahlukaniswe izingxenye zomzimba nezengqondo. Ingxenye yomzimba ingxenye ehlukaniswe kwezinye izingxenye ibhuloho (switch), i-repeater (ihabhu), i-router. Okungukuthi, kukhona ukwahlukana kube izingxenye ngosizo lwemishini eyengeziwe yenethiwekhi. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuqonda ukwakhiwa kwendawo yonke yokudlulisa idatha.

Ingxenye enengqondo i-subnet etholakalayo ngokuhlukanisa uhlelo lokuxhumana jikelele oludalwe ku-protocol ye-IP. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zonke zikhona uhla lwamakheli ekheli, ezibekwe yi-mask yenethiwekhi nekheli, futhi zihlangene ngezindlela zokushintsha kanye nama-routers.

Amadivaysi okuxhumana, lapho ukukhulumisana phakathi kwamagceke kwenziwa khona, ngabaphindaphinda kanye namabhuloho. Ulwazi lokuqala, oludlulayo phakathi kwezinxenye zenethiwekhi, aluhlaziyi. Amabhuloho ekudlulisweni kwamafreyimu angawahlunga noma ahlanganise.

Uma uchitha amanethiwekhi, ungafinyelela imigomo eminingana. Uma kwenziwa ukucabangela amaqembu lapho inqwaba yethrafikhi isendaweni efanayo yendawo, ngokunikezwa kwe-bandwidth ehlukene edingekayo, khona-ke ukusakaza kwenethiwekhi kuzokwenziwa ngcono.

Omunye umphumela walesi sigaba ukwanda kokuthembeka. Uma ingxenye eyodwa yenethiwekhi ingekho ohlelweni, abanye bangasebenza ngokujwayelekile.

Ukwenyuka kwesigaba kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale ukuphepha. Ukuchaza labo abafinyelela kule ngxenye, ukunciphisa indlela yokuphuma, sebenzisa amazinga ahlukene wokuvikelwa.

Into eyinhloko, ukwehlukanisa inethiwekhi zibe izingxenye, kuhle ukucabanga ngakho konke ukuze lapho zonke lezi zinhloso zifezwa, gcina ukukhulumisana kwazo zonke amaqembu ezingeni elidingekayo.

Inqubo yokusebenza kwenethiwekhi kumele ilawulwe. Okokuqala, ukuqapha kwenziwa, okungukuthi, ukuqoqwa kwedatha ekusebenzeni kwayo.

Ukuqinisekiswa kwenethiwekhi, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesigaba, kuqukethe ukucubungula konke ukwaziswa okutholiwe kulesi sigaba, iziphetho mayelana nezimbangela ezikhona zokuhluleka, kudinga ukuzibandakanya komuntu okugunyazayo.

Izindlela zobuchwepheshe ezisetshenziselwa lezi zinhloso zihlanganisa ama-agent of control systems, ochwepheshe, izinhlelo zangaphakathi zokuxilonga nokulawula, abahlaziyi be-protocol, amadivaysi okuhlola izinhlelo zekhebula.

Ingxenye ukuxhuma okulula okunengqondo. Kwenza kube lula ukwenza lula ukwakhiwa kwamanethiwekhi ane-topology eyinkimbinkimbi. Phela, asikho isidingo sokucabangela ngezimo zomhlaba, vele uhlele uxhumano lwe-intersegmentary. Ngokwengxenye ngayinye ngayinye, lo logic umsebenzi kungaba ngokuphelele ngabanye. Konke lokhu kunciphisa kakhulu inqubo yomsebenzi wezintambo zenethiwekhi futhi kuvumela ukuba bakhe izinhlaka eziphakeme eziphezulu.

Ukucwaninga kwamanethiwekhi ahlukene kunamane kudingekile kubo bonke abaqeqeshiwe abathintekayo kwezobuchwepheshe bezinethiwekhi kanye nokwakhiwa kwamanethiwekhi omphakathi nendawo.