Izitolo zaseSt. Petersburg. Imyuziyamu yaseRussia yaseSt. Petersburg. Izindawo ezingakhohlwayo zeSaint-Petersburg

ISt. Petersburg yidolobha lemilingo, lapho zonke izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe zizama ukuvakashela lapho zifika eRussia. Emakhulwini eminyaka amathathu nje kuphela, kwakhiwa inani elikhulu lezikhumbuzo nezakhiwo ezinkulu. Phakathi kwemizi yonke yaseRussia, uPetru akaveleli kuphela izinto eziyingqayizivele, kodwa futhi nomkhathi. I-Leningradians, eyasinda ngesikhathi sePritain Patriotic War cishe izinsuku ezingu-900 nobusuku bomlilo, ayizange ilahlekelwe izimfanelo zomuntu ezinhle futhi ilungele ukwamukela bonke abavakashi abafuna ukubona iminyuziyamu eyaziwa kakhulu yaseRussia yaseSt. Petersburg.

Esikhunjini sazalwa, izikhathi ezintathu zawela ...

Emakhulwini amabili eminyaka emva kokusungulwa kweSt. Petersburg, umbuzo wokuqamba kabusha kwawo waqala ukukhuliswa. Iqiniso liwukuthi ekuqondeni abantu bakuleli dolobha kwakukhona into eqotho egameni lakhe, futhi "Western". Iziphakamiso zavela ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kodwa, ngokuyisisekelo, bonke babilisiwe ukuze banikeze uPeter igama elikhumbuza amagama amadolobha aseRussia asendulo, njenge-Novogorod noma i-Vladimir, ngokumane, kahle futhi endleleni yethu. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuvame ukushiwo okungafani neNew Moscow noma iPeter-city.

Umqondo wokuqamba kabusha wawugcwaliseka ngo-1914 kuphela, futhi wawuhlobene nokuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Umuzi waba uPetrograd, futhi eminyakeni eyishumi - Leningrad. Ngo-1991, iSt. Petersburg yabuyiselwa egameni layo lomlando. Namuhla abantu bangakwazi ukuzwa isithandwa esithakazelisayo ngoPetru: wazalwa enqabeni, wabhapathizwa kathathu, akazange alahle phansi isitha - waqhubeka eyiqhawe!

Noma kunjalo, kungani iSt. Petersburg?

Iminyaka engamakhulu amathathu emlandweni, idolobha leNeva liguqule igama layo kathathu. Abanye basikisela ukuthi iSt. Petersburg ibizwa ngokuthi udumisa umsunguli wayo uPeter Omkhulu, kodwa le nkulumo ayilona iqiniso. ERussia, umntwana wanikezwa igama lomuntu ongcwele, ngosuku lokugubha kwakhe azalwa ngalo. Lesi siko singokoqobo nanamuhla. UMbusi Wokuqala Wase-All-Russia wabhapathizwa ngo-June 29, 1672, usuku lokugubha umphostoli uPetru. Kusukela esemncane, umbusi wesikhathi esizayo wathola umqondo wokubiza ngokuhlonishwa kukaSomnini inqaba enkulu yaseRashiya, eyayizokwakha. La maphupho ayehloselwe ukugcwaliseka.

Ngo-1703 esiqhingini sase-Hare kwakhiwa isakhiwo, esabizwa ngomphostoli uPetru waseSt. Petersburg. Lesi senzakalo esibalulekile senzeke ngoMeyi. Inyanga nengxenye kamuva, ngoJuni, i-cathedral egameni labaSanta uPeter noPawulu lakhiwa endaweni yenkinga. Umklami waseDamenico Trezzini wasebenza kule phrojekthi iminyaka engu-21 futhi wazuza imiphumela engalindelekile: isakhiwo esingamamitha angu-122.5-phezulu sasikhulu kunazo zonke enyakatho-ntshonalanga kuze kube ngo-2012. Nokho, Ngokushesha inqaba yaba uPetru noPawulu, futhi umuzi waqanjwa ngokuthi iSt. Petersburg. Namuhla e-Hare Island kukhona izinto ezibalulekile kakhulu eSt. Petersburg, ngemuva kokubona ukuthi ungayifunda konke mayelana nesikhungo samasiko eRussia.

Ukuqhutshelwa phambili kwenkumbulo kaPeter Omkhulu

I-Bronze Horseman iyisikhumbuzo esidumile saseSt. Petersburg, esiseSenate Square iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili. Leli gama lanikezwa isikhumbuzo ngokuhlonipha inkondlo ephambukayo ngu-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, naphezu kokuthi yenziwe nge-bronze. Ukukhishwa kwesithombe sekuphelile ngo-1778, bese abadwebi bebhekene nomsebenzi: kuphi ukuthola ithe, lapho kungenzeka khona ukubeka isikhumbuzo kuPetru. E-St. Petersburg, waqala ukufuna indoda eyayingasiza ekutholeni ukhetho olufanele, futhi ngokushesha wasabela uSimonny Vishnyakov ohluphekile. "Itshe lokuduma" elinamathani ayizigidi ezingu-2,400 lalethwa eSenate Square ngamandla ezinkulungwane zabantu abahlanganyele ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokuhamba nendlela.

I-Hermitage ingumoya kaPetru

Isakhiwo esihle kakhulu somuzi sise-Square Square. Emakhulwini eminyaka embalwa iHermitage isibe yinkimbinkimbi enkulu, lapho zonke izinto zomlando ezibaluleke kakhulu zigcinwe khona. Iqoqo lakhe elikhulu lamashumi ezinkulungwane zemiboniso uCatherine II unomdwebo ovelele nabadwebi be-Renaissance. Ukuqoqwa kwemidwebo nemidwebo yomama kwaqhubeka noPavel the First, futhi kamuva indodana yakhe, uMbusi Alexander. Ngomcimbi ngamunye womlando iqoqo le-Hermitage lagcwaliswa ngemisebenzi emisha. U-Nicholas the First, owuthanda kakhulu izindaba zezempi, wadala igalari edumile ngokuhlonipha iMpi yamaPririo ka-1812. I-Winter Palace nezinye izindawo ezingakhohlwa eSt. Petersburg zingakha umbono jikelele womuzi - kuyo yonke indawo izakhiwo zokunethezeka nezingaxhunywanga zakhiwo zokwakha zasendulo.

Namuhla, phakathi kweqoqo elikhulu lezinto eziyigugu, izivakashi zeHermitage zizokwazi ukubona i-The Madonna yaseBenois kaLeonardo da Vinci, "Ukubuyiswa koMhlambi" kaRembrandt, izithombe ezihle kakhulu zaseGreece naseRoma, izinhlamvu zemali kanye nempahla yaseGibhithe. Ubude obuphelele bazo zonke amahholo ngamakhilomitha angu-25, futhi bebeke amahora ambalwa ukuhlola zonke izintelezi ze-Winter Palace, izivakashi zizokwazi zonke izinsuku kuze kube manje.

Isayensi kaHerodotov. Uthisha wokuphila, umbhali wamandulo ...

I-complex ye-museum yomlando iqukethe amagatsha ayisikhombisa ahlala kulo lonke umuzi nasendaweni yomgwaqo. Abasebenzi besikhungo samasiko bahlela imiklamo emikhulu yombukiso, bakhanga izivakashi ezingaphezu kwezigidi ngonyaka. I-Museum of the History yaseSt. Petersburg ibhekwa njengenye yekhulu kunazo zonke eRussia, ngoba inemiboniso emibili yezigidi, ezitshela ngokuthuthukiswa kweNyakatho-Capital kusukela ngesikhathi esasungulwa kuze kube namuhla.

Uphupha ukuthini, i-Cruiser Aurora? ..

Umkhumbi wempi oyingqayizivele, owakhiqiza i-volley yomlando, ubheke i-quay ephakade eduze nePetrovskaya Embankment. I-cruiser yakhiwa ngo-1897, futhi eminyakeni emithathu kamuva yaqala ukuqaliswa. Ingane kaKM Tokarevsky yaba yingxenye yezimpi zasolwandle ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kanye ne-Great Patriotic Warrior, futhi ngo-1948 yasungulwa njengomkhumbi wokuqeqesha ama-cadets eSikoleni saseNakhimov. Namuhla, emgodini nasemakolishi, izivakashi zingabona izimpahla zabasebenzi, izinsimbi zokulinganisa zasolwandle, amabalazwe nezinye izinto eziyigugu. Ekhuluma ngedolobha eliseziqhingini, akunakwenzeka ukuba unake izingosi zamasiko ezinikezwe endaweni yamanzi. Phakathi kwazo zonke izindawo ezingakhunjulwa zomlando zikhona isakhiwo lapho imibukiso engeyona imidwebo nokuhlobisa, kodwa izindlu zasendlini, izakhiwo zobunjiniyela obuyinkimbinkimbi. I-Museum Yamanzi eSt. Petersburg izokutshela ngendima yomswakama ophilisa ukuphila ekuzalweni kwezinhlelo zesintu namanzi okusuka e-Antiquity kuze kube manje.

Wonke amabhuloho awakwazi ukudlula ...

Ehambela inhloko-dolobha enyakatho yeRussia, izivakashi ziphoqelekile ukudlula zonke iminyuziyamu nezamathempeli zomlando, kodwa lokhu akusona ukuphela kwezinto ezikhangayo eSt. Petersburg. Noma ubani ongakaze abe khona eVenice noma e-Amsterdam uyamangala ngenani elikhulu lamabhuloho lapho kuhamba khona ukuthutha komhlaba. Idolobha lihanjiswa yimifula eminingana kanye nemingcele lapho kungenakucabangeka ukuhamba ngaphandle kwezakhiwo ezinjalo.

Kuze kube manje, kunamabhuloho angu-580 eSt. Petersburg, okuyi-20 ahlukanisile ngokuvunyelwa kwemikhumbi yomgibeli noma yomthengisi. Izakhamuzi zaleli dolobha, ezazijwayele konke okuhle kwazo, azizange ziqaphele lezi zinkinga, kodwa izivakashi ziyakuthanda ukubukela zonke izinto. Ukuze ungalokothi ulahleke futhi ungahambi kahle, izivakashi zeNhloko-dolobha yaseNyakatho kufanele zihlale zimephu yaseSt. Petersburg ngezinto ezikhangayo, ezothola kalula zonke izindawo ezikhangayo.

Ukubhidliza amabhuloho kubheka ngokumangalisayo embusweni obumnyama ekwindla: izibani ezikhanyayo ezihlobisa izindlu zokwakha zihamba kancane kancane esibhakabhakeni esibumnyama njengezibhamu. Zonke izenzo zenziwa ngesimiso ngesikhathi esithile - ngokuvamile emva kwamabili nobusuku. E-St. Petersburg yiyona ibhuloho elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni (97.3 m) okuthiwa "i-Blue", okuyinto ngenxa yobukhulu bayo ibonakala njengengxenye yeSt. Isaac's Square.

I-Chizhik-Pyzhik nabanye

Kuthiwa umuntu ophonsa imali esitsheni lesikhumbuzo emanzini angenza noma yisiphi isifiso - futhi sizogcwaliseka ngempela. Ama-giante ama-stone, amathempeli amakhulu nezinyuziyamu eziseSt. Petersburg ngokuqinisekile ziyamangalisa izivakashi zaseSt. Petersburg ngobukhulu bawo, kodwa izingoma ezincane ezincane azibalulekile futhi zingaba uphawu lwomuzi.

"I-Chizhik-pyzhik" no "Bunny abaphunyukile emkhunjini" yizikhumbuzo ezimangalisayo kakhulu eSt. Petersburg. Njengoba usuhambe ngaphesheya koMfula i-Fontanka futhi ugijimela eduze neBridge Bridge, kunzima ukungawubhekeli insika encane enezithombe zobhedu eziphakeme ezingu-11 cm. Lona yi-Chizhik-Pyzhik edumile, eyayihlanganiswa ne-quatrain ehle kakhulu ekhulwini leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Isikhumbuzo safakwa ngo-1994, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi sabanjwa izikhathi eziyisikhombisa.

Izikhukhula ezisenyakatho zenyakatho zenzeka kaningi, ezihambisana nokuphakama kwamanzi e-delta yoMfula iNevva. Akuzona njalo ezivela ezingxenyeni ezivuthayo ezibalekela izakhamuzi, kodwa emlandweni kukhona icala elimangazayo ngenkathi i-hare isigcina impilo yakhe, igxumela ebhokisini likaPetru Omkhulu. UPeterersburgers wanquma ukuqhubekisela phambili isenzo sokuqapha futhi efakwe eduze kweBridge Bridge engumfanekiso wesilwane esinezinyosi.

Ubusuku obumhlophe

NgoJuni noJulayi izinyanga eziyizintandokazi zezivakashi, okungenzeka zingabonakali ukuthi ziningi izindawo zokubuka usuku nosuku. Kusukela ngezinombolo zokugcina zikaMeyi, ilanga liyehla emgqeni wezingqimba ngamagremu angu-9, ngenxa yalokho ubusuku bokuhlwa buqala ukudlula ekuseni. Ubusuku obumhlophe buvame ukugcinwa kusukela phakathi kukaJuni kuze kuqale ngoJulayi, kanti ubusuku obukhulu kakhulu phakathi kwamabili luwela ngosuku lwe-solstice ehlobo.

Ntambama, ngenxa yokukhanya kwelanga, akunakwenzeka njalo ukubuka wonke amathempeli namamyuziyamu, futhi ngesikhathi sokuhlwa kwezinto zaseSt. Petersburg kubheka ngokukhethekile. I-alumni yazo zonke izikole inomkhosi othi "i-Scarlet Sails" ekupheleni kukaJuni, lapho kungekhona othisha nabazali kuphela abangaba khona, kodwa abadlula abavamile. Izingoma nemidanso kuze kube sekuseni futhi zihambisana nemisindo ekhanyayo. Ubusuku obumhlophe - njengento evamile yemvelo - kuboniswe emsebenzini wabalobi nabalobi abaningi, kuhlanganise noFedor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky, owabhala inkulumo yothando ngegama elifanayo.

Izitolo zaseSt. Petersburg, okumele wonke umuntu abone

Enhloko-dolobha enyakatho yeRussia kunezindawo eziningi ezingakhohlwa ukuthi akekho isakhamuzi saseSt. Petersburg esingadlulela, futhi izivakashi kuzodingeka zibuyele edolobheni ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuba zichithe izinsuku zokuhlola izikhumbuzo ezinhle zomlando nezakhiwo zomlando.

Imyuziyamu eyaziwayo yaseRussia yaseSt. Petersburg (iHermitage, iPeterhof neCatherine Palace) kufanele ibone wonke umuntu, kodwa ngaphezu kwalezi zakhiwo ezinkulu kuleli dolobha kukhona amakhulu eminye. I-Cathedral yaseSt. Isaac - isonto elikhulu kunazo zonke futhi elihle kunazo zonke lama-Orthodox, elinamakholomu alo anesihloko esithi "i-apogee yenkathi ye-malachite." Abafundi bezincwadi bazovakashela imyuziyamu yabalobi abavelele baseRashiya kanye nezimbongi G. Derzhavin, V. Nabokov, A. Akhmatova, A. Blok ngenjabulo. Ukuthula nokuzinza edolobheni kuzodlalelwa ngabameleli bazo zonke izivumo zenkolo, ngoba, ngaphezu kwamasonto amaningi namasonto, kukhona esinagogeni, umasikiti kanye nethempeli elilodwa kuphela lempumalanga yeBuddha.