Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezithelo zemithi yezithelo. Indlela yokwenza umquba wezihlahla zezithelo

Spring iyisikhathi esishisayo sabalimi. Esinye sezimo ezibalulekile ukugqoka phezulu kwezihlahla zezithelo. Umhlabathi wezakhiwo zensimu uhlukile kakhulu ekubunjweni kwawo kanye nokwakhiwa kwamaminerali. Futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlahla zezithelo zithumela phambili izidingo zabo zokukhula okuvamile kanye ne-fruiting, hhayi yonke inhlabathi engabanika konke okudingekayo. Yingakho kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ufeze kahle endaweni engadini. Ikakhulukazi zidinga izihlahla zezithelo entwasahlobo, lapho zilungiselela izimbali nezithelo ezithwalayo.

Kungani ngingakwazi ukweqa lesi senzakalo?

Okokuqala, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezinhlobo zemithi yezithelo akuyona isikhathi esiningi kakhulu sokunakekela ingadi yasekhaya, kodwa abalimi abanolwazi bayazi ukuthi leli yidivayisi ebaluleke kakhulu ye-agrotechnical. Ngaphandle kwalesi senzakalo akunakwenzeka ukufeza izindawo zokuhlobisa zezihlahla kanye nemibhede, hhayi ukulinda isivuno esihle samajikijolo nezithelo. Ukudla okunomsoco kungaqhathaniswa uma kunesidingo ngokufuthola insimu kusuka ezinambuzane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo kuzofaka izakhi ezidingekayo emhlabathini, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo okuyoholela ekugqibeleni izimbali nezimbali ezithwalayo.

Imithi yezithelo ihlala iminyaka eminingi, ngakho inhlabathi idinga ukudla okunomsoco. Umuthi udla izakhi eziningi ezisemhlabathini, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwesithelo. Kuvame ukucelwa ukuthi ukondla kwekwindla kuzodlula yonke imfuneko yesondlo. Abaholi be-agronomists bakholelwa ukuthi cha. Ngaphambi kwenkathi yemifino, ukuhlushwa kwezakhi zomzimba kunciphisa, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwezivuno kanye nokuwohloka kwekhwalithi yezithelo. Okulandelayo, uzocabangela ukuntuleka kwezinto okufanele zigcwaliswe kuqala.

Amakhemikhali adingekayo emithini yezithelo

Ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo zemifino kusho ukufakwa kwesethi yonke yezakhi ezidingekayo kulezi zitshalo. Phakathi nesikhathi semifino, isidingo sishintsha kakhulu, i-nitrogen iya phambili, ehlanzwa ngesikhathi sezinkathi zonyaka ekwindla ngemvula eningi namanzi avela ekukhunjweni kwezinhlanzi. Endaweni yesibili ebaluleke kakhulu yi-potassium, i-phosphorus ne-nitrogen. Lo myalelo kufanele waziwa futhi ucatshangelwe. Okokuqala, isidingo sokuba i-nitrogen senyuke emithini, futhi kamuva, lapho senza i-ovary, e-phosphorus. Ukondla izihlahla entwasahlobo kuyisibopho sokuvuna okuhle ekwindla. Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu ukutholakala kwama-humus emhlabathini. Ngokuvamile kuvame enhlabathini enesitshalo esivundile, futhi emanzini angasolwandle nasesihlabathini cishe cishe cha. Futhi okuqukethwe okuyi-potassium kuncike ngokuqinile kwisakhiwo somhlabathi.

Indlela yokusebenzisa kahle ukufaka umquba

Sikhuluma ngesikhatsi lapho izihlahla zivuswa kusukela ekubusweni kwe-hibernation. Ukutshala izihlahla entwasahlobo kwenziwa ngokuqondile ngaphansi komuthi wesihlahla. Futhi ulethwa eqhweni uma liyancibilika. Okusho ukuthi, kancane kancane ukungena emhlabathini kanye namanzi athuntshiwe, ukuxubana kwamaminerali kufika ezimpandeni zokuvusa.

Ingxube iyafakwa emithini yomuthi, okuvela ekwindla kufanele ikhululiwe kahle. I-perimeter kufanele ibhalwe ngokudweba ububanzi bomqhele emhlabathini. Kulapha ukuthi inani elikhulu kunazo zonke lezimpande ezincane zokulanda ziyatholakala. Umuthi omncane uyoba nama-gramu angu-40 omanyolo obunzima, kubantu abadala kuzodinga ingxenye engaphezulu.

Indawo yokufika kubuye ibalulekile. Uma ingadi ikhula emthambekeni, kuyadingeka ukulibazisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanyolo ukuze ingxube yamaminerali ingahlanjululwa ngamanzi aqhakazile.

Ngaphansi kweqhwa, umanyolo one-nitrogen ongeziwe. Kodwa ungathengi amakhemikhali ebizwa ngokuthi "entwasahlobo", ngokuvamile aqukethe okuningi kwalesi sici, okungaholela ekubukeni kwefungus. Ngemva kwesikhashana, lapho iqhwa liqhakazile, kungenzeka ukwethula i-superphosphate, umlotha kanye ne-potassium sulfate emhlabathini.

Kwangathi - isikhathi se-ovary esebenzayo nokukhula kwezithelo

Ukutshala izihlahla entwasahlobo akukhawulelwe kulokhu. Ukuvuthwa kugubha ngokugcwele futhi i-ovary yokuqala isivele ibonakala, manje izihlahla azidingi amaminerali amaningi njengezindaba eziphilayo. Ukudla kukaMeyi kulungele kahle umquba owenziwe kahle kanye nomquba. Inani lomanyolo lisetshenziswe kuncike enhlabathini. Umhlaba omnyama omnyama udinga okungenani izithasiselo, inhlabathi yehlathi iyinkulu, kanti nenhlabathi ye-podzolic iyadingeka njalo futhi inomsoco. Umquba uvame ukusetshenziselwa isisombululo se-aqueous, le ndlela ijwayele wonke umuntu ohlala ehlobo. Umquba kufanele upheke kusukela ekwindla, ugcwalise utshani emgodini womquba. Ukucubungula nokondla imithi yezithelo entwasahlobo kuyoba lula futhi kulula, uma unakekela izindlela ezinjalo ezivunyelwe kusengaphambili.

Izinhlobo zezithelo zezithelo

Esigodini sethu sinezimboni eziningi, futhi ngamunye uphendula ngendlela yakhe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomanyolo. Yingakho i-top-dressing of trees entwasahlobo kufanele yenziwe ngokwezifiso zabanye. Ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo kuyinto isibambiso sokuvuna okucebile, ngakho awukwazi ukukhohlwa ngakho. Impendulo enhle kakhulu emisebenzini enjalo ye-apula. Badinga inani elikhulu lezakhi ukuze bakhule izithelo ezimnandi. Kuyasiza kakhulu ukufaka imifino ephilayo emhlabathini, lapho ithini lamapayipi ne-plum likhula.

Noma kunjalo, yiziphi umquba okufanele zisetshenziselwe izihlahla zezithelo? Izakhamuzi eziningi zasehlobo zizophendula ukuthi zanele ukuthatha umquba - futhi zizobe zilungile. Ukuphela okuwukuphela kokuhlobisa, izinhlobo zezihlahla ze-coniferous. Kungcono ukuba bakhethe ukugqoka okulinganiselayo nokubeka uphawu olufanele.

Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe

Indlela yokwenza umquba wezihlahla zezithelo? Kunezinketho ezimbili. Iyokuqala ingxube eyomile, eyancipha kancane kancane ngamanzi iphinde ingene emhlabathini. Owesibili kufanelekile izihlahla zezithelo kangcono futhi kuyisisombululo se-aqueous. Ukukhulelwa kwamanzi kwesitshalo ngokushesha. Kulesi simo, uma unesithombo, kufanele usebenzise umquba ngosuku olumnyama, mhlawumbe ebusuku. Qaphela ukuthi inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla kufanele isetshenziswe kahle ukuze isixazululo somanyolo esongezwe kuso singabangeli izimpande.

Izingxube ezimbiwe ezimbiwa ziyatholakala ngaphambi kokunisela, ukuze umuthi ngokushesha uqale ukuthola izakhi. Umuthi wezithelo ulalela kakhulu ukwethulwa kwe-calcium, i-sodium, i-iron ne-potassium. Okubaluleke kakhulu yi-selenium, i-magnesium, ithusi kanye nezinye izinto eziningi ezilandelanayo, ngokuvamile ezingekho emhlabathini. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungenise i-dose ngokweqile. Inani elikhulu le-nitrogen lilimaza izitshalo ezincane. Phakathi nohlobo i-bark ngeke ibe nesikhathi sokuma, futhi lesi sitshalo sizoqhwaza ebusika. Enye iphuzu: i-nitrogen eyengeziwe ivuselela ukubunjwa kwehlumela futhi iphuza i-fruiting. Kubaluleke kakhulu, ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka izihlahla zezithelo zatshalwe. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuphumelela kakhulu ezinyangeni zasehlobo, kuyilapho izitshalo zasebusika zizolungele ukubusika, ngakho-ke azidingi umquba.

Ukuxhuma

Kukhona enye indlela yokusebenzisa kakhulu ingadi yakho. Ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo kungenziwa ngenxa yomquba wemvelo. I-peat, umquba, izinsalela zomzimba, amaqabunga amaningi namagatsha. Konke lokhu okuphilayo kutholakala engxenyeni enhle ye-podrahlennom yenhlabathi evundile ngaphansi kwesihlahla sesithelo. Ubukhulu be-mulch akufanele bube mncane kakhulu, ungqimba oluqondile lungaba ngu-15 cm eduze nomjikelezo wonke womqhele. Uma inqubo enjalo isenziwa entwasahlobo, kuyoba kuhle kakhulu ukwengeza umquba wamaminerali namaminerali. Ukuhlanganisa imishini kuyindlela ewusizo kakhulu, kusiza ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini, kuvimbela ukukhula kokhula futhi kugcine izinga lokushisa elihle lomhlabathi womjikelezo oseduze.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Foliar

Njengoba kuyaziwa, lesi sitshalo sikwazi ukuthola izinto eziwusizo hhayi kuphela izimpande, kodwa futhi ngomqhele walo ohlaza. I-Agrotechnics sekuyisikhathi eside ithatha lolu lwazi futhi yaqala ukuyisebenzisa. Namhlanje ukuphumelela kwesayensi kuvumela ukuthi umlimi ngamunye akhethe kakhulu izidakamizwa zokusebenza ensimini. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-foliar. Uthola ithuba lokutshala izithelo zezitshalo ngesisombululo samaminerali amaminerali kanye nabalawuli bokukhula. Imithi enjalo ingathuthukisa kakhulu i-fruiting. Isisekelo saso sivame ukuphakanyiswa isisombululo se-urea esingu-0.2%.

Ngezimbali zezitshalo kubalulekile ukuheha izinambuzane eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ezizokhiqiza impova. Izakhamuzi zasehlobo ziya enkambeni, okwenza isisombululo esihle samanothi, ushukela namanzi. Inhlanzi enjalo esikhathini sehlobo sasehlobo isebenza nakanjani. Njengoba izimbali ze-medonos ezisemqoka zingakaqali, akuzona izinyosi eziyolahlekelwa idili.

Izintambo, ukunakekelwa nokugqoka okuphezulu

Umsebenzi wokuqala walezi zitshalo kufanele uthathe izimpande futhi ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuthuthela ekukhuleni. Ukuvuna akuyona into ebalulekile okwamanje. Ngokuvamile eminyakeni embalwa yokuqala i-apula encane noma ipey inikeza izithelo ezimbalwa kuphela, ngakho-ke ayisebenzisi okuningi kwemithombo yayo. Kamuva, ngokuqinisekile umbuzo uzovela - yikuphi umquba wezihlahla zezithelo okufanele uqaliswe? Inketho efanele yokufaka umanyolo ngesikhathi sokutshala kanye nokukhulelwa kwezimbewu yi-fertilizer eyinkimbinkimbi "AgroProst". Inikeza zonke izakhi ezibalulekile: i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen, i-potassium, ne-trace elements: i-calcium, i-zinc, i-boron ne-magnesium. Ikakhulukazi kubalulekile ezindaweni zobumba noma ezinesihlabathi, lapho inhlabathi ingekho khona.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ummeli owomile ngqo emthonjeni olungiselelwe. Ukulandelwa kwenziwa minyaka yonke, ngokungajwayelekile embuthaneni oseduze. Ngokuvamile ziphindaphindiwe entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Isihlahla sabantu abadala singadluliselwa ngokuphelele kumanyolo omzimba wokukhiqizwa kwekhaya.

Izihlahla zezithelo zomdala

Kusukela ngomnyaka wesihlanu wokuphila, izitshalo zifaka isikhathi se-fruiting esebenzayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izidingo zokuguqulwa okuphezulu. Manje izihlahla zondliwa nge-fertilizer ephelele. Imitha eyodwa yendawo yendawo idla i-15 g ye-nitrogen, i-8 g ye-phosphorus ne-12 g ye-potassium. Lezi zinto zilethwa ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ngemva kwesikhashana kufika ukuguquka kwezimila eziphilayo, kanye ngeminyaka emibili kutholakala cishe ngamakhilogremu ayisithupha (6 kg) omquba ngamamitha ayizikwele zomjikelezo oseduze. Ngemuva kokuphela kwezimbali, lapho isigaba sokukhula kwe-ovary sifikile, ama-droppings ayenamapulangwe anomsoco ahle kakhulu. Cishe u-0.3 kg we-powder onjalo uhlakazekile ku-1 m ² yesiyingi sokudonsa. Ukulala nomquba kungenziwa esikhundleni sengezwe ngokufaka ama-slurry. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha ilitha elilodwa lesisombululo ngomitha wesigcawu sendawo yomhlabathi. Izinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali ziyadingeka minyaka yonke.

Ake sibambe imiphumela

Ngentwasahlobo, njengoba uyazi, usuku ludla, ngakho-ke umgadi wegadi angakwazi ukulahlekelwa yisikhathi. Ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo zomuthi wezinhlobo, kokubili abadala kanye nezithombo ezincane, kuqinisekisiwe ukuqinisekisa ukukhula kwabo okuhle, izimbali nezimbali. Naphezu kokuningi komsebenzi engadini, kubalulekile ukunikeza isikhathi kulokhu. Khona-ke ekwindla kuzokuhlangabeza ngama-apula ashubile, amapheya anamanzi nama-plums amnandi.