Isiko se-Renaissance: umculo nomdwebo

Isiko se-Renaissance sasiyingxenye yeCentral neYurophu yaseYurophu phakathi nenkathi ephakathi kwekhulu le-14 nele-16. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, isithombe sezwe sashintsha kakhulu kakhulu: ubuzwe babuthola indawo yayo kuyo. Isiko se-Renaissance sasisekelwe esikhathini esidala. Ngokuqinisekile ngoba le nkathi yayiyingqayizivele yokuvuselela amasiko wezwe lasendulo, yayibizwa ngokuthi i-Renaissance noma i-Renaissance era.

Ngebuciko bekhulu le-13 kwakungavamile ukuveza umuntu ngokujwayelekile (umfanekiso wesintu wawusetshenziselwa kuphela uma ubhala imifanekiso), wawuchaza kuphela ukuhlobana komuntu kuNkulunkulu, bese kubhalwe ngezindlela ezingafani. Ukwakhiwa kwaleyo nkathi kwakubonakala nge-gothic futhi kuhlanganisiwe.

Kodwa kakade ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-14 leminyaka ubuciko buqala ukushintsha kakhulu: uN. Pisano ushintsha isitayela sezakhiwo, futhi umculi uGiotto di Bondone uqala ukubhala okusha ngokuphelele emidwebo yesitayela: ezintathu-ntathu, ezithandekayo, ezithokozile, ezingokoqobo, nezinto ezicacisiwe zesimo.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-15, isiko se-Renaissance siphumelele: abaculi abaningi basebenza ngesitayela esisha, besebenzisa umbono, bezama ukuveza "umuntu ofanelekayo." Ngokwezakhiwo, noma kunjalo, isitayela seGothic saphela ngokuphelele - sisuswa ngesitayela se-classic, isisekelo sokulinganisa nokulinganisela.

Ekhuluma ngokuqondile ngomdwebo, kufanele kuthiwe ukuthi isiko lobuciko lobuKhokhelo luhlukaniswe ngezikhathi eziningana: Ekuseni, Ephakeme, Emuva naseNyakatho yeKwaZulu-Natali.

Isibonelo esivelele somkhuba wobuciko we- Early Renaissance yizithombe zikaSandro Batticeli. Ukuhlenga okunjengokuthi "Ukuzalwa kweVenus", "Ukulila kukaKristu" no "Spring" akugcini nje kwenza igama lomculi lingabhubhi, kodwa futhi laba omunye wemizamo yokuqala ephumelelayo yokubonisa ubuhle bomzimba womuntu.

Ukuze uthole ukuvuselelwa okuphezulu, isithombe somuntu ovumelanako nokhululekile, into enjalo ifanelekile. Omunye wabaculi abavelele kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi kwakunguLeonardo da Vinci - ngegama lakhe abaningi bahlanganisa isiko soKuvuselelwa.

Umculi ohlakaniphile, umculi, isakhiwo, isatomist, umdwebi, onjiniyela, imbongi, umbonisi - konke lokhu kungashiwo ngaye. Eziningi zezinto zakhe ezisetshenzisiwe kodwa ezingasetshenzisiwe zisetshenzisiwe ezweni lanamuhla, futhi uMnuz Mona Lisa oyimfihlakalo usaqhubeka nomcabango wabaningi.

Ngokuba i-Renaissance Mannerism ezayo iyingqayizivele, ingathinti kuphela iVenice. Lesi sikhathi singabizwa ngokuthi yisikhathi sokuncipha kwesiko.

I-Renaissance yaseNyakatho ihlobene nobuciko bokugcina be-Gothic. Abaculi abavelele kakhulu kule nkathi yizinto ezilandelayo: Baldung Hans, Hieronymus Bosch, Hans Holbein, Peter Bruegel noJan Van Eyck.

Isiko somculo soKuvuselelwa kokubili kuhlobene nobuciko beNkathi Ephakathi, futhi kuhlukile kulo. E-Italy, ngesikhathi seRaissance, indawo ehamba phambili isengomculo wesonto, kodwa ukucula kwe-polyphonic sekuqale ukuthuthukisa , okwenza kube nzima ukwenza umculo, okwenze kube ngokomzwelo futhi kungavamile.

I-Netherlands yakwazi ukuthuthukisa amasiko abo omculo, yokwakha isikole sama-polyphonic. Kwakumangalisa ukuthi wafundisa abaculi abasha hhayi amaDashi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi namasiko angesiNgisi, isiFulentshi nesiNtaliyane.

EFrance, ukunakekelwa kwakhokhwa kumculo hhayi nje ngesimo sezingoma zesonto, kodwa futhi ngesimo sezingoma eziningi ezibizwa ngokuthi ingoma.

ERoma, njengaseNetherlands, yasungulwa isikole sama-polyphonic. Ukuzikhethela kwesiko lomculo wamaRoma kwakuyimculo enzima futhi umbhalo ocacile, ocacile.

EVenice, izingoma zazizinhle kakhulu futhi zikanokusho, futhi eNgilandi kwakungatholakali okwakungakaze kutholakale izingoma zomculo ezincane zasekhaya.