Electrophoresis ka serum kanye nomchamo. Electrophoresis ka serum amaprotheni: kokubusa okulotshiweyo

Ngo-plasma yegazi womuntu kukhona iqoqo izingxenye amaprotheni. Zihluke ukubunjwa yabo, isakhiwo kanye ukuhamba endaweni ethile, eqhuba kagesi. Kulesi ukwakha nokuhlukaniswa amaprotheni inani, okuyinto localizes kuya-plasma ngoba amaprotheni amafraktjhini ahlukahlukene. Ekuqhubeni serum electrophoresis ukuthola maqondana ambalwa yomuntu izingxenye amaprotheni kanye nezinhlaka zawo. Kuyadingeka ukuba inqume ukuthi izenzakalo womuntu ahlukahlukene sokugembula, ezifana izifo noma umdlavuza. Kuyinto amaprotheni electrophoresis ka serum kubalulekile ekuqhubeni izifo ezihlukahlukene.

Ingqikithi indlela

Ukuze cleavage amaprotheni amafraktjhini esetshenziswa electrophoresis ka serum, isimiso ogxile ukuhamba ezahlukene yezingxenye amaprotheni ku elakhiwe ensimini kagesi. Le ndlela Uphenyo esinembile futhi ulwazi, ngokungafani ejwayelekile Imininingwane igazi ukuhlaziywa. Kodwa lokhu electrophoresis sibonisa kuphela inombolo ethile amaprotheni amafraktjhini, uhlobo nezinga yenqubo sokugembula ifomu jikelele. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-ucwaningo ivumela odokotela ukuthola ukuthi yini isilinganiso amaprotheni amafraktjhini ebonwe abantu, futhi ukucacisa imininingwane yalolu zokugula esivela isifo esithile.

Izinhlobo amaprotheni amafraktjhini

Iningi uketshezi womuntu main yemvelo noma igazi, bakha amaprotheni. Lonke inani kuyinsakavukela luphakathi 60-80 g / l. Ukuze ukuhlaziywa alunge electrophoresis ka serum ephepheni. Lolu cwaningo indlela ezivamile sokuhlaziya. Lesi sangoma eyinhloko isisefo sephepha ekhethekile. Sici Its main - the absorbability okusezingeni eliphezulu. iphepha Abangane abanjalo bangakwenza ungabe zimunce amanzi angaphezu kuka isisindo sayo ezikhathini 130-200. Kuye imishini esetshenziswa electrophoresis ephepheni sithatha amahora 4-16. It kuzoba iyunithi amaprotheni izakhiwo. Khona-ke, i-strip iphepha ziphathwe uyinki okhethekile ukuhlaziywa. Le nqubo yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi wocwaningo wezokwelapha. Ngenxa yethonya lezingane kagesi lamanje amaprotheni ingxenyenamba, omubi icala, amabombo le electrode kahle icala. Ngenxa izingxenye amaprotheni igazi zihlukaniswe 5 amafraktjhini eyaziwa:

• albumin;
• α ₁ globulin;
• α ₂ globulin;
• β - globulin;
• γ-globulin.

Albumins olunegethivi icala, kuthiwa encane uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izingxenyana, isisindo yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Ngenxa yalesi isivinini ukunyakaza lingaphezulu kakhulu ukwedlula bonke abanye bamaqembu, futhi zitholakala Kukude endaweni kokuqala. Eyokuqala amafraktjhini ezintathu globulin hambisa ngesivinini kancane ngenxa yesisindo sayo. Kodwa ijubane kulencane kulotshwe γ-globulin. Lezi amaprotheni ayesinda futhi ezinkulu, isihlobo ukuba ezinye izinhlangothi. ababaphathisiwe cishe hlangothi, ngakho le ngxenyana yesakhi segazi namaprotheni hhayi elivulela the starting line.

isidingo ukusebenzisa

Okwamanje, electrophoresis ka serum cwaningo zivame lolwentelwa ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe lesi sifo. Lokhu kuhlaziya zinganikwa njenge Therapist, ngakho odokotela unciphise iphrofayli. Izinkomba izoba Ucwaningo:

• ukuvuvukala ezihlukahlukene;
• ubunjalo ezingamahlalakhona lesi sifo;
• izinqubo sokugembula emisipheni zezinzwa;
• ukopha zangaphakathi;
• neoplasms ebulalayo.

Ukulungiselela nokulethwa ukuhlaziywa

Ukuze ukutadisha ukuziphatha miphumela kukahle, okungenani amahora angu-8 ngaphambi blood donation kuyadingeka ukuba bangayeki ukudla reception. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuba bavumelane ukuphuza imithi, uma ikhona, kanye udokotela ukuba khona.

Isampula yegazi

Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle abangu ngephutha overstated, kubalulekile ukunciphisa kungenzeka igazi ekunqandeni sokunquma a amafraktjhini amaprotheni namaprotheni Imininingwane. Electrophoresis wegazi serum Kwenziwa ngokucophelela, njengoba kukhona amathuba ukuhlanekezela Imiphumela ngenxa fibrinogen. Kungaba ukufihla amaprotheni angaphilile noma kudidaniswe kubo.

amagugu ejwayelekile

Zingakapheli izinsuku ngemva kosuku isampuli ilungele bahlolele electrophoresis ka serum amaprotheni. Norma wathola izigaba ukusebenza abadala:

1. Ubude amaprotheni - 63-82 g / l.
2. Albumin - 40-60% of lonke inani izingxenyana zaso.
3. α-globulin ₁ - 2-5%.
4. α-globulin ₂ - 7-13%.
5. β-globulin - 8-15%
6. γ-globulin - 12-22%.

Kudingeka uhlaziye

Ukushintsha inani noma iyiphi ingxenyana amaprotheni ku phezulu noma phansi kungase kubonise ekuthuthukiseni a zokugula ethile. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa ngale idinga electrophoresis ka serum amaprotheni. Kulungiswa imiphumela lula ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukuxilongwa kanye nokuzikhethela yokwelashwa.

Ukwanda albumin

Ekuqaleni, anqume inani albumin e ukuhlaziywa ngemiphumela. Ukwanda le ngxenyana yesakhi segazi bangakhuluma ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni. Lokhu kungenzeka uma isiguli sibe a ukuhlanza isikhathi eside noma ukuphazamiseka kwempilo okuthile ku isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene. Albumin futhi ukwandisa kwenzeka ukusha endaweni enkulu isikhumba.

albumin encishisiwe

eziyingozi kakhulu, uma emzimbeni kunciphisa inani albumin, kungase ikhuluma pathologies ezilandelayo:

1. Iziyaluyalu nezinso isibindi.
2. Pathology yokusetshenziswa pheshana emathunjini.
3. izinqubo ezithathelwanayo.
4. Yokuphazamiseka yisimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
5. Ukopha.
6. Komdlavuza.
7. Sepsis.
8. Rheumatism.

A ukwehla okuncane in inani albumin kungaba futhi:

1. Ngo omama abakhulelwe.
2. Ngemithamo ngokweqile kwezidakamizwa.
3. Phakathi imfiva isikhathi eside.
4. Ngo kagwayi.

Ukushintsha inani α1-globulin

Ukwehlisa inani a1-globulin aqoshiwe nokuntuleka α ₁ -antitrypsin. Ukwandisa iphuzu elifanayo e exacerbation ukuvuvukala emzimbeni, izinkinga kwesibindi ngesikhathi kwamazinyo izicubu.

Ukunciphisa α2-globulin

Bhalisa ke sikashukela, ukuvuvukala kwamanyikwe, e izinsana ne-jaundice e-hepatitis umsuka anobuthi. Ikhombisa engalungile, ekudleni.

Ukwanda α2-globulin

Kwenzeka ngaphansi kwale mibandela elandelayo:

1. Inflammations, ikakhulukazi nge khona ubovu exudates (iphaphu ukuvuvukala nezinye izinqubo nokuba khona ubomvu).
2. Zezinzwa izicubu iziyaluyalu (isib isifo rheumatism).
3. Komdlavuza.
4. Izinkathi emumva ukusha.
5. Nezinso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezifana sici mkhuba igazi hemolysis ngaphandle kwesibeletho phakathi nesifundo.

Ukwandiswa β-globulin

Hyperlipidemia siboniswa (okwandisa inani lipids egazini), isibindi nezinso egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Kungatholakala nge evulekile esiswini, futhi i-hypothyroidism (yegilo umsebenzi disorder). amafraktjhini encishisiwe abangu elibukhali at gipobetalipoproteinemii (ukwanda egazini ingxenye betalipoprotein).

Izinguquko ku ucezu γ-globulin

Lokhu iqembu kuhlanganisa e isibalo samalungu alo immunoglobulin, ayisiza. Ngakho-ke ukwanda γ-globulin esilotshwe kweyesi nokwahluleka amasosha omzimba. ngokuvamile Lokhu kwenzeka uma ezihlukahlukene izifo, ukuthuthukiswa ukuvuvukala, eshintsha kwezicubu futhi bashise ukulimala. Kukhula γ-globulin babonakala ezigulini kwesibindi okungamahlalakhona. Cishe isimo esifanayo isici isifo sokusha. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu lesi sifo nenani amaprotheni γ-globulin ingxenyenamba siphezulu kunamanye-albumin. Ngaphansi ukugula okuthile bangase bahluleke kumiswa γ-globulin, futhi ukuthuthukiswa amaprotheni lushintshwe igazi - paraprotein. immunoelectrophoresis - utadisha kwenziwa ukunquma uhlobo kwanda. Le ndlela kuyinto ejwayelekile isifo myeloma Waldenstrom kanye egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo.

Ukwandisa inani γ-globulin nazo esivela pathologies ezilandelayo:

• lupus erythematosus;
• endotelioma;
• yakha i-rheumatoid arthritis,
• osteosarcoma;
• ezingamahlalakhona wegazi lymphocytic;
• candidiasis.

Ukwehlisa inani γ-globulin

Ukwehla γ-globulin zihlukaniswe 3 izinhlobo:

1. Saline (ejwayelekile izingane ezivela izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisihlanu).
2. Azalwa naso (ekuthuthukiseni emva kokuzalwa).
3. Idiopathic (lapho imbangela ukuthuthukiswa akukwazi ukusungulwa).

ukwehla yesibili bhalisiwe e ukuthuthukiswa izifo ezibangela Ukuwohloka izivikeli mzimba. Okusanda zokwelapha ngokuya ekuhlaziyweni ukunquma ngobungako prealbumin. Ngokuvamile, isifundo esinjalo eyenziwa ezigulini egunjini labagula kakhulu.

Ukunciphisa inani prealbumin test kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kunembile ukucacisa izakhiwo wamaprotheni ukuntula emzimbeni wesiguli. Phakathi yokuhlaziya okwenziwe ku prealbumin ukulungiswa amaprotheni umzimba kulezi ziguli.

umchamo electrophoresis

Umgomo we azihlole iyafana kokwenza electrophoresis ka serum ubuchwepheshe. It is eyenziwa ukuxilongwa esinembile noma ukuthola amanye kwezinso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azihlole kuzosiza ukukhomba nesineke khona proteinuria.

isiphetho

Electrophoresis ka serum kanye nomchamo - izindlela ezibalulekile izifo ezihlukahlukene ezithathelwanayo. Ngenxa yokwenza ucwaningo kanye nokunemba, zisiza ukucacisa uhlobo egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe - indlela eqinisekile ukulungisa ukwelashwa nokululama egcwele.