Amakhambi, iziphandla sokuvikelwa ekhaya, umndeni, izingane. iziphandla Slavic netinchazelo tawo

Owesifazane emasontweni amaningi namasiko amaningi ahlala endaweni ephakathi, ngoba akayena kuphela umgcini ohloniphekile wezindlu, kodwa futhi umvikeli womndeni wakhe kusuka emandleni angaphandle angalungile namandla. Ngosizo lwabahlaziyi bezivame ukuthatha izihlahla zabo, amakhambi kanye nama-inflorescences, ngoba kuwukuthi ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla ezinkampani eziningana ezinamandla - umoya, amanzi nomhlaba kufihlwe. Njengoba unesipiliyoni esiningi esinabo bonke okhokho, abesifazane bangakwazi ukupheka kalula amafutha noma umhluzi kuphela, kodwa futhi bakha i-amulet enamandla kakhulu. Futhi ngomuntu ngamunye, nangomndeni wonke. Ngezinye izikhathi, futhi, izinhloso ezahlukene zasetshenziswa.

Oberegi

U-Travnitsy kudala wahlukanisa i-arsenal eluhlaza emaqenjini amaningana:

• Utshani-iziqili - zisebenzela ukwakha imithombo yokuvikela nokuthula;
• Izitshalo zokuphulukisa nokuvuselela - zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha, ama-extracts kanye nama-infusions;
• Amagciwane anamandla angothando - asetshenziselwa ukwakha izindlela zothando;
• Utshani wenhlanhla - lolu hlobo lwezitshalo lusetshenziselwa ukudala izixuku noma izixuku, kanye nezimbali, amaqoqo.

Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo zingase zibe yisiqalo esihle, futhi zilethe izinkinga ezithile, kunokuba ungayinaki abatshakathi nabantu abanobukhwele. U-herbalist ngamunye ekuqaleni kwendlela yakhe ufunde ngokucophelela le ndawo yolwazi, ngoba amakhambi anamandla angasetshenziswa ngokumelene nabantu endaweni yokuqala.

Izakhiwo

Izifo, ukuncibilikisa nokukhathala sekuye kwacatshangwa ukuthi imiphumela yethonya lobuqili emzimbeni womuntu. Amakhemikhali-izixuku azenzelwe nje ukubonisa okungalungile, kodwa futhi ukuqoqa izimpahla zomuntu siqu, futhi uma kungenzeka, zande.

Kusukela kumbono womlando, izitshalo zithole isikhathi eside izithakazelo zabo, ngoba ngisho nangaphambi kokufika kwesintu izilwane ezinamandla nezikhulu zasebenzisa izindawo zokuphulukisa zezitshalo ngesikhathi sokulahlwa noma ukubulawa kwesifo. Futhi ezweni lanamuhla, abanikazi bavame ukuhlanganyela ngokubona kwabo ngokuhlaselwa kwamakati emasimini noma emahlathini, ngokuvamile abesimame abaningi babamba isilwane sokudla i-snowdrops noma i-plantain.

Kusuka kumonakalo

Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abangakazwelwa yizihlahla ezivela ekubhubhiseni. Kungani kunjalo? Ngoba iso elibi nenkohlakalo yizenzo ezivame kakhulu zomnotho wezinto zesintu wanamuhla. Ukuthembela okungapheli kokungabikho kwenhlalakahle kanye nokudideka komnotho kunoma yikuphi umbuso kubangela umona wesintu emphakathini, okuholela ekuchumeni kwezifiso ezingenakuqhathaniswa kuzo.

Akuhlali njalo kuphazamiseke, futhi zonke izisulu zalo zibalwe kusengaphambili - ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhlanganiswa kwezici eziningana ezicabangayo noma ezifisa ukukhokha okunamandla kakhulu. Umuntu angamane edabuke ngenxa yokudabuka kwakhe futhi ngemuva kwalesi sizinda esibuhlungu sicabange ngomuntu ojabulayo noma ocebileyo, okugcina ekuholela emiphumeleni eyingozi kulokhu okugcina. Kodwa-ke, siyaphazanyiswa, ngakho-ke sizobuyela esihlokweni sethu. Ngakho, amakhambi ...

Nini ukuqoqa izitshalo?

Ukuze zonke izinhlobo zotshani nezimbali zifihlelwe ukuveza ngokugcwele amakhono abo omlingo, zonke izithako ze-herbalist ziyazi zonke izinto zokuziphatha ngesikhathi sokuqoqa, ukuma nokuhlanganisa izinto zokusetshenziswa. AmaSlav abiza isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuqoqa amakhambi ngosuku lwe- solstice ehlobo. Esikhathini esishisayo, kunezikhathi eziningana zamaholide ezinamandla, okwandisa amandla ezakhi ezibekwe ezitshalweni. Usuku lwe-Agrafena Kupalnitsa lubhekwa njengesiqalo sesikhathi sokuqoqa. Kwakungokuhlwa ngoJulayi 6 ukuthi abantu babecabanga ukuthi bahlanza inqubo ephoqelekile, ngoba ngamanzi hhayi kuphela udaka lwangaphandle olushiywe, kepha umhlaba wangaphakathi nawo wahlanza.

E-Bathhouse, amantombazane akhipha amabhokisi emikhosi ezembatho ezinhle kakhulu futhi avulelwe omakhelwane bawo. Abanikazi babuzwa ukuthi bahlanze izivakashi, ngaleyo ndlela babakhuthaze ukuba banike izibhebhe, ubuhlalu obusha obusha noma amathanga. I-Travniki ebusuku yayivame ukuqoqa ukuvuna okucebile kakhulu, okungahlinzeka kalula ngumpilisi ngezinto zokwakha zonyaka wonke ozayo.

Olandelayo ocebile ngamandla eholidini kwakungu- Ivan Kupala. Ngenxa yokuthi ama-herbs aqoqwe ngaleso sikhathi, izixuku eziningi zama-Slavic zathola ukuqina okuqhubekayo emelene namabutho amabi. Kodwa ukucinga kulobubusuku kwakungabazi nje abaphikisi, abaholayo noma abadokotela abahlala isikhathi eside. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlanhla ayishiyi ebumnyameni, udinga ukuphuma endlini ungaboni. Ezindaweni eziningi lo msebenzi wabelwa ukuba "uhlanze" abesifazane asebekhulile - abakwazi ukukhulelwa ingane futhi abahambisani nobulili. Eminye yezindaba ezindabeni zabathengisi emndenini ukhulume ngemfuneko ebalulekile - ukuqoqa utshani kudinga izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba u-Ivan Kupala asuse isiphambano. Ngokuvamile ehlathini, abahlengikazi nabaqoqi babakhululiwe ngokuphelele emhlabeni, bewashiya ngisho namahembe abo, futhi babonakala ngaphambi kwezitshalo ngokuhlanzeka kwangempela.

Ungabeka kuphi utshani?

Emva kokuqoqwa, utshani lwasakazwa ngokushesha kubantu abakhelene nabo noma olomisiwe, futhi izitshalo ezomile kakade zanezelwa emagcekeni "emngceleni" - umbundu, ipayipi noma ngaphansi kwesitofu sasekhaya. Ngemuva kokuqokwa kweqhinga. Amagatsha alawa makhambi, kanye nama-potions kanye nama-broths ayedinga kakhulu.

Ngezansi sizocabangela inamandla kakhulu, ethandwa futhi ethandwa enotshini.

Ivan-da-Marya

U-Ivan-da-Marya ongabonakali ungumvikeli omkhulu wekhaya kusuka ebugebengu. Lesi sitshalo sinemibala enombala ophuzi futhi ocebile. Ngakho-ke, ebahlukanisa lapho bevela ekamelweni, abahlengikazi babeqiniseka ngamandla okuxhumana kwabo. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lesi sitshalo asikwazi ukuhlala sithulile nesigamu sayo, futhi yizikhalazo zezimbali ezizohlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwezikhusela ezisebeni.

U-Ararat-utshani

Utshani obungenakulinganiswa kwakubhekwa njengamapulangwe, izimbali ezawela ngosuku luka-Ivan Kupala, kanye nalawo awanikeza amahlumela amathathu aphelele, futhi adumile ngamandla awo angenamkhawulo. Labo ababazi imithi yamanzi bayabandakanya utshani, obuhlobisa indawo lapho imigwaqo yemifula emibili i-Oka neMoscow ihlanganisana khona. Imikhuba yathi ukuthola isitshalo esinamandla kungaba kuphela umuntu ongesabi, onamandla ngoba ebusuku e-Ivanovo, ihlane liqashwe yizo zonke imimoya emibi. Umnikazi wembali enjalo wathola amandla phezu kokubili amabutho amnyama nawo wonke ama-magic potions. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo ngaso sonke isikhathi sasinabantu abaningi abalandeli.

I-Ararat ihlobisa ikhanda layo ngefihlekile lombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokufudumele oheha izimbali eziningi zesiSlavic. Ukufuna utshani bahamba ntambama noma bavele phakathi kwamabili ku-Ivan Kupala. Kodwa lokhu kunzima ukuqala - ukuthola isitshalo akulula kakhulu. Abafunayo babephoqelekile ukuba bahlukanise indawo yokuzitholela (eduze nohlangothi, okungukuthi, ngokumelene nelanga), futhi kamuva bakhuphe imbali ngemuva kwesiqu. Uma utshani obunama-ararat bephuma kanye nomsuka nomhlabathi, uthembisa impumelelo ekufuneni izitshalo zemilingo. Endabeni lapho ephukile, ungabuyela ekhaya ngokuphepha - ububhula kuloluhlaza, noma kwabanye abanye ukuthi ubusuku abukatholakalanga.

Utshani-utshani

Uma unesithakazelo enotshini-ulondoloze indlu, khona-ke wazi ukuthi utshani obusenhla lusebenza kubo. Ukumthola kwakungadingeki sikhathazeke ngenhlanhla yakhe ngalobobusuku - amakhambi okwelapha ayezama ukungena ebhasikisini lakhe. Abatshakathi abaningi, sebewutholile i-ararat enkundleni yabo, bahamba bafuna ukutshala utshani. Le mbali ngamandla omlingo ihlale ilingana ne-fern. Ngaphambi kokutshala utshani, hhayi yindlu eyodwa, ayikho isithiyo esisodwa (hhayi ngezebizo okuthiwa kanjalo!), Futhi ngubani owathola ukuthi angabonakali. Ngobusuku buka-Ivanov utshani buqhakaza ngokucophelela njengokungathi kuthatha ukufunda ngokugcwele iNkosi noMama wemithandazo kaNkulunkulu, bese kuthi imbali yomlilo ibonakale.

Akulula ukuthola lokho. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi u-Ivan Kupala athole indawo eyihlane futhi ahlwanyele utshani kuwo kuze kube yilapho issimbi sensimbi siphuka zibe izingxenye ezimbili. Umsindo wensimbi uzoba uphawu olucacile lwenhlanhla - esitokisini sezinyosi i-potion edingekayo izotholakala ngempela. Ngemuva kokuthatha konke ukugubha okuvela endaweni lapho ijaji laphuka khona, baliphonsa emfuleni oseduze futhi balinda. Utshani obunzima abugcini kuphela ekucwileni emanzini, kodwa futhi luhamba ngokumelene nalo lwamanje.

Isithakazelo esikhethekile kulokhu sitshalo sasivuselelwe, ngenxa yezizathu ezizwakalayo, ngamasela. Abathandi bemali elula babheka ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu ku-arsenal yabo, ngoba lesi sitshalo asinalo nje izakhiwo ezikhethekile, ezikhonjiswe ngamanye amakhambi-izikhohlisi, kodwa futhi zivumela ukungenelela nganoma yisiphi isivinini (ngisho nokukhiya ngeke kudingeke), kudingekile ukuthi ubeke utshani ekunqunyweni kwangaphambili okulungiselelwe Inkinobho. Ngakho tshela inkolelo ...

UFern

Faka ngaphansi kwesikhumba, le potion ingasetshenziswa futhi ngokumelene nesitha. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, lapho uthintwa ngumuntu ophilayo, kubangele ukufa kwalokhu. Abesifazane abadala base bexwayisa amantombazane ukuba bagweme izindawo lapho le nhlumela ikhula khona. Nokho, uFern uye waba nesithakazelo esikhulu kubantu. Yebo! Phela, naye angenza umuntu angabonakali, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, wanikeza nomuntu owathola ikhono lokushiya emakhasini wekusasa nesikhathi esedlule, futhi nokuqhuba inkhulumomphendvulwano nezilwane.

I-Pouches

Umkhuba weminyaka yamuva ukhululekile kakhulu futhi, ngokungangabazeki, izikhwama ezimibalabala zamakhambi. Zivame ukusetshenziselwa izimbilini ezincane, ukuzama ukuvikela ingane yazo kubantu abafisayo noma ababukeli. Ngendwangu enhle yendwangu yelineni iselwe isikhwama sekhono. Intambo ifakwe kuyo ukuze iqiniswe. Esikhathini esikhwameni ngokwalo zonke izithombo ezitholakalayo zilayishwa kubantu ababi. Ngemuva kwaloko, kufakwa esikhungweni somntwana noma ngesitulo sabakhubazekile ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Yiziphi izitshalo ezifanele lokhu?

Amakhambi okuvikelwa

Ukuze kuvikelwe ingane isebenil eyomile, igatsha elihle lika-elderberry ne-St. John's wort. Ukuze uqinise amandla okulwa nezifo, kungcono ukubeka i-verbena ne-elecampane ephaketheni lelineni. I-Basil kusukela ezikhathini zamakhosi idume ngezindawo zayo ezinamandla zokuzivikela, ikakhulukazi njengogada wekhaya. Izinduna zamakhosi amaningi zavula izikhwama ezigcwele kahle kuzo zonke amakamelo, ukuze iphunga lesitshalo lixoshe isimo sezulu esibi, imimoya emibi nezitha zesikhathi esizayo.

I-Verbena

I-Verbena idumile hhayi kuphela ngezindawo zayo zokuzivikela (abaningi bathi amakhompiyutha ayaziqaphela nabanikazi balesi sitshalo), kodwa futhi udumile ngokukwazi ukuheha uthando, inhlanhla kanye nokuphila kahle. Abakhiqizi bavame ukusebenzisa izimbali zalo njengengxenye yokwakhiwa.

I-Clover

I-Verbena ne-clover clover ayilona engaphansi kwe-verbena - akuyona ize ukuthi amakhono akhe achazwe ezincwadini eziningi ngisho namafilimu enkolo. Umama kaTofoil omisiwe ngobumnene futhi efake ama-sachets. Futhi i-clover eneziqephu ezine zaletha inhlanhla ekuqasheni. Odokotela abanobuchwepheshe babeluleka ukuba bangalokothi balahlekelwe futhi bagcine umswakama.

Belem

Ukuthatha amakhambi, izigqoko zokugqoka izindlu zendlu, abeluleki abahlakaniphile abazange bakhohlwe nge-bleach (inkulumo evamile "ephulukisiwe" akusizi ngalutho ngezinganekwane, izinganekwane, izaga kanye nezinye izinhlamvu zokusebenza). Lesi sitshalo sikwazi ukumelana nobudlova. Ngakho-ke, emazweni amaningi, isikhwama samabhande e-bleached sasifihliwe ezinkolweni zethu. Abaganga nomlumbi baxubha ngesitshalo esinobuthi namanye amakhambi okwelapha, bese bewela ngokuqinile emzimbeni oqinile. Futhi, ikhono le-bleached ukuze libonise konke ukuhlaselwa kwe-hypnotists kugcizelelwe.

Umhlonyane

Njalo ngonyaka, abahlakaniphile abanamathuba amancane okusebenzisa umhlonyane ekuphekeni kwabo. Ukubuyekezwa kwabahlaziyizi zanamuhla banesiziso sokuthi ngisho nokuhlanganiswa ngokucophelela kweziqongo zesitshalo, akunakwenzeka ukuzivikela empoveni onamandla. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukunambitheka okubabayo akushiyi uloyi izinsuku ezimbalwa. Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi kungenzeka yini umuthi womhlonyane - ezinsukwini zakudala wawubhekwa njengebhuloho phakathi kweqiniso kanye nezwe elizifihlile lezinye izindaba. Ama-shaman nabasebenzisa othakazelisayo babesebenzisa usizo lwezitshalo ukulungisa uxhumano nemimoya. Kubuye kuzisize ukuvikela abantu ebubini obubi, imimoya emibi futhi kubhekwa njengento eyinhloko yokuzala.

Abakhiqizi abaningi benza amaSlavic amakhosi ngokufaka izinhlamvu zomhlonyane, ngoba ukufutheka okulindelekile kunomthwalo omkhulu we-antidemonic. AbakwaSamsan basebenzisa i-potion eyomile ukuze baqhube ukubhema: ngosizo lomusi obumnyama, abagcini nje kuphela, kodwa futhi babone isimo sangempela sezinto. Ingabe ufuna ukuvikela indawo yokuhlala kanye nomndeni wonke kusuka emandleni amabi? Abakwa-Herbalists bayelulekwa ukuba bahlale ekamelweni ngalinye isitshalo esincane somhlonyane owomile, bewuhlanganisa kahle ngentambo. Intukuthelo izokuxosha imimoya emibi ingakapheli izakhamizi, kodwa futhi idale uhlobo lwe-dome elizungezile ekamelweni, okungekho amanye amabutho angeke angene kalula. AmaShayina ayeluleka isitshalo somhlonyane ukufihla eduze komnyango wangaphambili - iziphepho kanye nabantu ababi abakwazi ukulimaza indlu. Futhi abanye abaqambi beSlavic baxoxa ngezinzuzo zokugeza ngamanzi owomile - ububi obubuthakathaka buzohlanzwa ngokuphelele.

Odolen - utshani-amulet: incazelo yesitshalo

Inkokhelo enamandla kunazo zonke yamandla omlingo inobusuku bukaKupala, ukubukeka okungabonakali, utshani obungavuthiwe (i-white water lily). Ikwazi amandla angenamkhawulo we-Sun futhi ibonisa ukungapheli kokuhamba kwayo. Lesi sitshalo kubhekwa njengamagceke aseSlavic asendulo kakhulu, asetshenziselwa ukusebenzisana ezweni lanamuhla.

Isiqalo esikhulu sezenzo zomgwaqo kwakucatshangwa yiziSlav ezivikela izifo kanye neziyaluyalu zomlingo, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo asizange sisebenze nje kuphela njengento ethile (utshani-amulet) - igama layo lalivame ukusetshenziswa emibhalweni yendiza kanye nezinhlamvu. Ngokuqondene nemikhiqizo yemilingo yamanzi amaningi, abaningi babone ikhono layo lokuhlanza ingqondo yomuntu olahlekile, ukunika amandla emoyeni nasemzimbeni ekulwa nomthelela omubi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isithombe sembali ebuthakathaka saqala ukuphindaphinda ekuhlobheni izicathulo - izifungo, izindandatho namacici zazigqoke uma kwenzeka ingozi enkulu noma ukugula okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, abahlengikazi bacebisa ukuthi bangadonseli elinye izwe empilweni yomuntu onempilo ngokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kwezihlobiso ezinjalo.

Ukwakha i-mascot ngesithombe sotshani, babevame ukusebenzisa isiliva negolide, itshe elingaphansi - noma izinkuni ezipholile. I-lily yamanzi, eyayifaka icala elinamandla kunawo wonke lamandla alanga, kwakubhekwa njengomuntu oyedwa, ngakho-ke ukukhetha kwakungalingani, ukuze kungabikho okwenyusa i-odin. I-Grass-amulet, inani elihluka ngayo kuye ngezidingo zomnikazi wayo, lisetshenziselwa ngisho nasekuphileni kwansuku zonke, isibonelo, ekuhlotsheni izitsha nezingubo. Ukusika ngephethini yezitshalo kuvikela umndeni ekushiseni ubuthi, nezingubo ezihlotshiswe nge-embroidery enjalo, zizosindisa engozini emgwaqweni noma empini (kulokhu okulandelayo, iphethini isetshenziselwa izikhali).

Edala izixuku, izingcweti eziningi zazama ukuhlanganisa i-lily elimnandi yamanzi ne-fern enamandla, ngoba ama-Slavs alo ayebhekwa njengobuncani obufanelekayo obuntshani obuncane. Ama-talismans omndeni nawo ayenziwe ngamabili: indoda - i-fern enkulukazi, namandla wesifazane kuhambisana nokushayela indiza (elinye igama); Umkhiqizo ngamunye wadalwa njengengxenye, ukuze ekugcineni lo mbhangqwana ube nesici sokuxhuma ngesimo se-charm.

I-Thistle

AmaSlav avikela ikhaya kuqala. Emva kwakho konke, abenzi bemimoya kanye nabathakathi kwakuyizitha zokuqala zezempilo nenjabulo yimuphi umndeni. Ngakho-ke, esitokisini se-herbalist enengqondo, kwakuhlale kunesibindi. Njengomlondolozi, lesi sitshalo akufanele nje sivusa umoya omubi, kodwa futhi siwuxoshe kude. Emadolobheni amaningi ethuneni lomthakathi, abantu abanolwazi bavame ukutshala inhlanzi, ngaleyo ndlela bawukhiphe uphawu lokuphila komuntu oshonile. Futhi, ingxube yamakhemikhali amaningana angasiza umpristi ukuba axoshe umoya omubi owawunqobile emzimbeni ophelile, ngaleyo ndlela wenza ijubane lenqubo yokukhipha udoti.

AmaSlav asebenzisa imbali ye-thistle ngenhloso yokuvikelwa komuntu siqu ekukhunjweni nasehlweni elibi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umqashi okhweleyo wayefanele ahambe enkundleni ngosuku olushisayo ngaphambi kwenyanga futhi aqede umbala wesitshalo ngokucophelela. Kudingekile ukuqhuba yonke inqubo bese uzama ukucabanga ngokuzivikela kwakho. Emva kwembali udinga ukumboza izinwele zakho futhi uthwale unyaka wonke, futhi ngesikhathi senyanga entsha ezayo - esimweni esishisayo - ukuthola imbali entsha. Omdala udinga ukubonga kusukela enhliziyweni futhi ashise ngokuphelele. Ngokuvamile, zonke izitshalo-izixuku emva kokusetshenziselwa injongo yazo ezihloswe kufanele zifakwe emlilweni - ngakho isitha asikwazi ukuwasebenzisa, futhi isilwane ngokwaso siyosuswa futhi sithathe indawo yaso. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, eminyakeni edlule ama-talismans anjalo abe yiziqhingi ezinamandla kunazo zonke, ngoba zithatha amandla obusunguliwe futhi zihlanganisa izimpahla zabo.

Kulezi zihlahla eziyisikhombisa

Abalusi bezinhlanzi ezinamandla balungiselela i-amulet yamakhambi ayisikhombisa, kufaka phakathi izitshalo ezinamandla kunazo zonke kanye nama-inflorescences. Uhlobo olunjalo lokuqoqa oluyinkimbinkimbi luvikela futhi luhlanza umuntu emicabangweni emibi, izifiso ezingadingekile nomona. Umthengisi kanye nomqoqo wamasiko amadala kanye nezimfundiso angakhetha kahle futhi ahlanganise "inkampani" evikelayo, futhi lokhu kungatholakala emadolobhaneni nasezindaweni ezincane lapho abantu abangazange balahlekelwe ukuxhumana kwabo kwangempela nemvelo kanye nemvelo yabo. Akudingekile ukuba uthembele ama-charlatans, ikakhulukazi njengoba ama-herbs amaningi angathonya umuntu ngendlela emihle, futhi uma engakwenzi kahle, adla amandla azo.

Isiphetho

Ukukhetha amakhambi, izifiso zomndeni, owesifazane ngamunye ubophezelekile ukuba aqede ngokuphelele ukungahloniphi, izinkinga zasekhaya kanye namacala, ngaphandle kwalokho amandla omlingo wezitshalo azolahleka. Imithetho efanayo ilandelwa yilabo abadala amadokodo noma izingoma ezihlukahlukene ezihloselwe ukuvikela indlu emimoya emibi, inhloso enonya nabangenamusa.