Umuntu ushintshe emhlabeni yesayensi. UGalileo Galilei. Biography emfushane futhi wokuvula yayo

Omunye izazi zezinkanyezi edume kunazo zonke, izazi zesayensi nezefilosofi emlandweni wesintu - uGalileo Galilei. Biography emfushane futhi wokuvula yayo, okuyinto uzofunda manje kuzokuvumela ukuthola ukuthi iphetheni le ndoda okungavamile.

Izinyathelo zokuqala emhlabeni yesayensi

UGalileo wazalwa ngo Pisa (Italy), February 15, 1564. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-nesishiyagalombili le nsizwa iya University of Pisa ukufunda ibhizinisi wezokwelapha. Ngalesi isinyathelo ke kwaphoqa uyise, kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemali ngokushesha uGalileo waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye ukuqeqeshwa. Nokho, ngenkathi ukuthi usosayensi esizayo wachitha eyunivesithi, ke akubanga yize, ngoba kulapha lapho eqala ngenxa yesithakazelo ayenaso kulokho mathematics ne-physics. Ayisekho lokuba umfundi, hhayi useyilahle ezokuzilibazisa onesiphiwo uGalileo Galilei. Biography emfushane futhi ezitholwe zakhe wenza ngalesi sikhathi, esadlala indima ebalulekile usosayensi esizayo. Okwesikhathi esithile lapho ezahlukweni ekutadisheni esizimele Mechanics, bese, e 1589, wabuyela e-University of Pisa, kulokhu indima othisha wezibalo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, wamenywa ukuba baqhubeke befundisa eNyuvesi WasePadua, lapho abafundi wachaza izinto eziyisisekelo Mechanics, i-geometry nesayensi yokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi. Ngaso nje kulokhu, uGalileo waqala ukwenza ezitholakele eziphawuleka kakhulu kuyisayensi.

Ngo 1593 ekukhanyeni akube kusakhulunywa ngaye kuqala umsebenzi yesayensi usosayensi - incwadi ne laconic isihloko "Mechanics," okuyinto uGalileo kuchazwe imibono yakhe.

izifundo yezinkanyezi

Ngemva kokukhishwa kukamagazini i yencwadi 'bayazalwa' entsha uGalileo Galiley. Biography emfushane futhi wokuvula yayo - ngesihloko ezingeke kuzoxoxwa ngaphandle kokukhuluma izenzakalo 1609. Phela, yilokho lapho uGalileo siqu lolwakha lokuqala isibonakude eyepiece ngilugweda yayo kanye lens convex. I-apharathasi wanikeza ukwanda cishe ezintathu izikhathi. Nokho, ukuqhubeka uGalileo akazange ayeke. Ukuqhubeka ukuthuthukisa isibonakude yakhe, waletha i ukwanda kuze kube izikhathi 32. Ukubuka it for satellite Zomhlaba - Moon, uGalileo wathola ukuthi ubuso bayo njengoba umhlaba akasona isicaba, wamboza ezihlukahlukene izintaba asemigodini eziningi. Four Kwatholakala inyanga Jupiter sika, futhi izinkanyezi ngokusebenzisa ingilazi kwathathelwa indawo yisayizi evamile, futhi ngokokuqala umbono ka remoteness yabo yomhlaba wonke. Milky Way kwaba olwenzeka elikhulu ezigidi imizimba emisha yasezulwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi baqala ukubona izigaba Venus, ukuhlola motion ilanga futhi wenze amaphuzu mayelana sunspots.

Ingxabano kanye nebandla

Biography of Galileo Galilei - kuyinto esigabeni esilandelayo kule ngxabano isayensi ngaleso sikhathi, futhi izimfundiso zeSonto. Usosayensi ngesisekelo imibono yabo ngokushesha kuziwa esiphethweni sokuthi heliocentric uhlelo zomhlaba, kuqala ehlongozwayo kanye walungisiswa uCopernicus, iyona kuphela yeqiniso. Lokhu kuphambene incazelo engokoqobo yamaHubo 93 futhi 104, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ivesi Ecclesiasts 1: 5, lapho kungatholakala ukubhekisela baxhashazwe emhlabeni. UGalileo wavalwa wabizelwa eRoma, lapho afike akhokha khona isidingo ukumisa ukukhuthaza ukubukwa "yezihlubuki," futhi usosayensi waphoqeleka ukuba athumele.

Nokho, ukuthi uGalileo Galiley, ogama okutholakele ngaleso sikhathi base bamukelwe kakade esikalini amanye amalungu omphakathi kwesayensi kuye kwehluleka kumisiwe. Ngo 1632, wenza hambisa ngobuqili - ishicilela incwadi esihloko sithi "Dialogue Ngokuphathelene nokuba ababili Chief Umhlaba Systems -. Ptolemaic futhi Copernican" Lo msebenzi ayebhalwe engavamile ngesikhathi ifomu inkhulumomphendvulwano, kubahlanganyeli okwakukhona abasekeli ababili kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela Copernican, kanye umlandeli izimfundiso Ptolemy no-Aristotle. Pope Urban VIII, ubani umngane omuhle kabi uGalileo, ngisho Unikeze imvume yokuthi kunyatheliswa incwadi. Kodwa akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside - ambalwa izinyanga wenziwa wayebhekwa njengoba ngokuhlambalaza naletintfo besonto uvinjelwe. Umbhali sigameko kuphinde wabizelwa enkantolo eRoma.

Uphenyo lwaqhubeka isikhathi impela isikhathi eside:-Ephreli 21 kuya ku-June 21, 1633. Juni 22, uGalileo waphoqeleka ukuthi umbhalo wakhe ezihlongozwayo, owawuthi yena sazilahla izinkolelo "false" yakhe.

Eminyakeni yokugcina emphilweni usosayensi

Kwadingeka ngisebenze nasesimweni esingesihle. UGalileo wathunyelwa villa wakhe Archertri ukuthi Florence. Lapha wayengumuntu liqashelwe Yamacala Ezihlubuki wayengelamadodana ilungelo lokukhetha edolobheni (Rome). Ngo 1634 washona indodakazi ozithandayo usosayensi, okuyinto Sekuyisikhathi eside ukunakekela kwakhe.

Ukufa ke ukuba afike eGalile Januwari 8, 1642. Wembelwa ensimini ka villa, ngaphandle nodumo ngaphandle ngisho tombstones. Nokho, ngo-1737, ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-nye, ngokwemikhosi ke wabulawa yefa usosayensi - umlotha walo zadluliselwa Chapel wezindela Florence Cathedral Santa Kroche. SeTjhumi-Mashi, ekugcineni wangcwatshwa khona, eduze kwamathuna Michelangelo.

nokuvuselelwa posthumous

Kwakulungile yini ezinkolelweni zabo, uGalileo Galilei? Sekuyisikhathi eside Biography emfushane futhi wokuvula yayo sekuke kwaba isihloko izingxabano babefundisi izinkanyiso emhlabeni yesayensi, ngesisekelo salokhu, ithuthukiswe eziningi izingxabano nokungaboni ngaso linye. Nokho, 31 kuphela Disemba 1992 (!) John Paul II wavuma ngokusemthethweni ukuthi iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki ngonyaka 33rd kwekhulu XVII iphutha, ephoqa usosayensi ukuhoxa imfundiso yokuziphendukela heliocentric wendawo yonke, owasungulwa Nikolaem Kopernikom.