Umqondo, ifomu, izimfanelo nezinhlobo lokweba

ubunikazi ngobukhulu e-RF Criminal Code (Criminal Code) ubekwe endaweni yesibili ngemva amalungelo siqu we yisakhamuzi. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola umqondo, izici, amafomu kanye nezinhlobo ukweba, bakhuthalela ngumthetho Russian. Kuyicala ezihlobene ukwephula ilungelo ubunikazi, inabantu abangaphezu kwesigamu wonke amacala okuhlukumeza ezenzeka ezweni lethu kule minyaka embalwa edlule ngisho namashumi eminyaka.

Umqondo ukweba

Ukuze bahlanganise umqondo, izici, izinhlobo ukweba, kubalulekile ukuhlola hhayi kuphela umthetho, kodwa futhi ubheke uhlelo odlule kwemithetho. Ngazo zonke izikhathi, kuzo zonke izizwe, kuhlanganise yisisekelo somthetho lobugebengu lasendulo babengene emacaleni impahla nelokushaya ukuphila komuntu ngezinga elikhulu. Kepha uhlelo lwezobulungiswa isiRashiya, okokuqala esadlala indima ebalulekile, igama elithi "ukweba", njengoba kuchazwe imithetho ebalulekile nezimiso emakhulwini eminyaka adlule (Conciliar ikhodi 1649, i-isimemezelo uCatherine II of "Mayelana Isivivinyo nesijeziso ukweba oluhlukahlukene," 1781).

Ngo-1845 kukhona isethi lokuqala imithetho umthwalo lobugebengu yeRussia, lapho ejwayelekile elithi "ukweba" esikhundleni "ukweba" izimpawu, amafomu, izinhlobo zazo zichazwe kulekelelwa e izikweletu okwalandela komthetho lobugebengu.

Ukuntshontshwa twist yesimanje kusho isiqalo nesigcino namacala ngezisusa mercenary, okuhloswe ngaso ukuhoxiswa ngamabomu futhi esasiwujuqu impahla yomunye esivuna lobugebengu.

izimpawu lokweba

Zonke izinhlobo nezinhlobo lokweba sihlanganise eziningi izici eziyisisekelo, kuhlanganise:

• injongo Mercenary. Ubufakazi busikisela ukuthi isephulamthetho noma iqembu abenzi bokubi ukuba benze izenzo ezingekho emthethweni izisusa siqu, benesifiso azuze ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo ukuze zihambelane nabo noma besithathu. Isibonelo okona sokuzicabangela: ukuthatha impahla yomunye ukuze ikhulise (isikhwama). Esikhathini emlandweni wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo kwakukhona amacala okweba izinto ezibonakalayo futhi impahla yangaphandle ngenjongo ukuzidayisa ngayo kubantu abaswele (abampofu).
• Wrongfulness - isenzo esingekho emthethweni ezenziwa isigebengu, ngaphansi komthetho wamanje, alinalo ilungelo gratuitously ukuhoxisa izinto lomunye isakhamuzi, unamalungelo angokomthetho bezindawo.
• Gratuitousness kwenzeka uma umqalisi eqala ubunikazi into yomunye umuntu ngaphandle isinxephezelo noma yini ukuze ehlangothini lwesibili isinxephezelo ngesimo enana, noma amasevisi.
• Ukuhoxiswa lisikisela ukudluliswa kwempahla noma amalungelo wayo evela kumnikazi obufanele komunye umuntu ngaphandle kwemvume wokuqala. Ngenxa yalokho, umnikazi yesikhwama impahla incipha, okuyinto kuyiqiniso okubangela ukulimala bengabangane bengcebo yabo. Kulokhu, ubunikazi (yangasese, umphakathi) akuyona esibalulekile ngezigaba lokweba.
• Umonakalo ngesimo ukunciphisa kwempahla ethintekile udlala indima ebalulekile Ukwahlukaniswa ukweba, iqalisa lingakanani kanye ukuma yesisindo ukoniwa. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi inani umonakalo Kumiswa kuphela ngokuhambisana impahla ashaqe ngokungemthetho, kodwa hhayi ukulahlekelwa ezihambisana inzuzo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umsebenzi ebela inkampani ucezu imishini, khona-ke kufanele ubuyele amasu kuphela noma ukudayiswa kwayo ngemali eyifanele, kanye nenani umonakalo ukuba akuhlanganisi inani ukulahlekelwa inkampani elihlobene ne ukukhiqizwa Ukuphumula ngenxa yokuntuleka le ucezu imishini.

ukweba Isihloko

Concept nezinhlobo lokweba zihlobene isihloko ukweba, okungase impahla iyiphi zabanye abantu, abakwasidlodlo babaphuca ngokungemthetho noma kunikezelwe esigebengwini. nokuntshontshwa wesifundvo kufanele sihlanganise izici ezintathu:

1. Izakhiwo - isihloko nokuntshontshwa impahla evezwe isikhala (ie, uku-okuqinile, uketshezi noma ifomu gaseous, vusa ziyaphila noma).
2. isici Yomthetho. Impahla kufanele kube ngawakho nomuntu ngokomthetho
3. Uphiko kwezomnotho kusho ukuthi impahla has a izindleko.

Amafomu nezinhlobo lokweba

amafomu ukweba zibuthelelwe Criminal Code of the Russian Federation ngokuvumelana nezindlela izici ubugebengu ngokumelene impahla:

1. Theft (Art. 158 we Criminal Code).
2. Ukukhwabanisa (Art. 159 we-Criminal Code).
3. Ukukhwabanisa noma ukukhwabanisa (160 Criminal Code).
4. Ukuphanga (Art. 161 we Criminal Code).
5. Ukuphanga (Art. 162 Criminal Code).

Kususelwa inani umonakalo owenziwe umnikazi impahla, umthetho lobugebengu Russia lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo nokuntshontshwa impahla yomunye:

• Petty ukweba, inani umonakalo engesiyo ruble ezingaphezu kuka-1000.
• Ukweba, umonakalo ngenxa umnikazi immateriality in inani ruble 1,000 2,500.
• umonakalo omkhulu, inani ongafinyelela kuze ruble 250 000.
• ukweba okukhulu ruble 1 million.
• Ikakhulukazi le zilwane ezinkulu ukweba - ruble ezingaphezu kuka-1 million.

ukweba

Theft - ngokukhwabanisa Imfihlo, ngokuphambene nomthetho wezwe. At inhliziyo ubugebengu ezinjalo kuba ukwabiwa engenalo udlame izinzuzo ezingokoqobo futhi angaphatheki ukuthi lowo owenze yomunye. Kulokhu, ukwebiwa libhekwa njengoba imfihlo kuphela uma isephulamthetho isinyathelo ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinhlelo ezibanzi umnikazi, noma ukuba khona umnikazi noma omunye umuntu, ungalilahli out khona layo ngesikhathi secala. Amabhizinisi yicala bophezela lo icala kungaba umuntu abaneminyaka engama-14.

ngokuphanga

Ukuphanga kuyingozi ukwedlula okweba, ukukhwabanisa izimali, njengoba sihilela ekuthatheni emthethweni kwempahla khona umnikazi noma abanye abantu eyaziyo izinhloso lobugebengu. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, isephulamthetho futhi ubona khona izisulu, kodwa uyaqhubeka ukoniwa, okuyinto Nokho, engenalo udlame. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphangwa kusho ukuthi lowo okonile ekuqaleni wayefuna evulekile ukususwa impahla yomunye. Njengoba ubudlova kungenzeka ibangelwa esenzweni towards izisulu noma abantu ukuthi kungenzeka ekuvimbeleni ikhomishana kunesigameko sokuphanga. Lezi zenzo zobudlova, kodwa ngaphandle ingozi elisemqoka kuya ukuphila nempilo ukoniwa sofakazi bokuzibonela. Izibonelo: okubangela ubuhlungu bomzimba, kushaywa, ejele.

ngokuphanga

Nokuphanga - ekuthatheni kakhulu yingozi emphakathini impahla yomunye, ogxile ukwabiwa ngempoqo zabanye. Rogue isebenzisa izinsongo nobudlova, okungaba yingozi hhayi kuphela impilo izisulu, kodwa futhi izimpilo zabo. Njengoba malpractices kumuntu osonile ungafaka isicelo ngokuhlasela ezifihliwe noma uvule impahla yomnikazi noma omunye umuntu emnyangweni lapho kuba (isib - unogada). Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi usongo ekuphileni futhi impilo isisulu akuyona into yaleli fomu lokweba futhi kudinga ikhono ehlukile.

ukukhwabanisa

Ukukhwabanisa - ukweba lomunye impahla kanye / noma amalungelo ngu ukukopela noma ukungathembeki yomnikazi. nenkohliso Active - kungamanga lokhu, esebenzisa ngalo scammer wethula umnikazi we ukungaqondi kahle mayelana nokuthi ukwedlulela ilungelo impahla. Kungaba ukuzibonakalisa ngesimo kwemibhalo kokuzihlanganisa, okuyinto ngenxa ukudluliswa kwempahla lobugebengu noma ilungelo ngaphandle ukuqwashisa yomnikazi. Ukungathembeki, umnikazi futhi kudala inkohliso bakhe ukuthi isenzo senzeka khona, umusa wakhe, kodwa empeleni kuholela yokuthi umnikazi kuzothi enganakile, le waseLenasia ithumela impahla yakhe. Umahluko owokuthi ukuthi kuleli cala isephulamthetho izenzo ngesisekelo ukwethembana impahla. Izibonelo zezimo ezifana: ukwehluleka ubuyisele izikweletu noma ukuqasha imishini, ukwehluleka ukuhambisana nezibopho inkontileka nabanye.

Ukukhwabanisa noma ukukhwabanisa

Ukukhwabanisa noma ukwabiwa zihlukaniswa kwezinye izinhlobo zokweba ushintsho (kokuquleka) amalungelo impahla evela kumnikazi ukuba isephulamthetho ingekho, isephulamthetho ukujabulela kuphela ilungelo bachithe impahla esiphathiswe inkonzo yakhe. Ngokukhwabanisa kuhilela ukusetshenziswa langempela (usebenzisa i) impahla yomunye, bese ukukhwabanisa - detainer kuze onesimo yayo.

Iziqu ukweba kanye athwale icala ukuthunywa kwabo

Of Criminal Code lembula umqondo ukweba, amafomu kanye nezinhlobo ukweba, kodwa futhi izindlela iziqu zabo, futhi izinyathelo zabo zokuvimbela hhayi kuphela. Lubhekele emacaleni impahla kungaba izinhlobo ezimbili: zokuphatha kanye nomthetho wezobugebengu. Isethi yokuqala amacala emphakathini-eziyingozi wakufanelekela izinhlobo njengoba ezincane lokweba. Zingase okumele zenziwe yi-indlela ukweba, ukukhwabanisa noma ukukhwabanisa, inqobo nje uma usayizi lomonakalo aseqi isilinganiso wenyanga ka isakhamuzi ngesikhathi secala. necala lobugebengu, uma izinhlobo eziyingozi emphakathini lokweba ayekade uzibophezele, kube sezingeni ukulimala lapho embundwini lidlulwa ruble 5000.

Izinhlobo ukweba kungenziwa labizwa hhayi kuphela ngokuya ngobukhulu umonakalo wahlupheka, kodwa futhi kucatshangelwa kaningi amacala ngu lowo okonile efanayo. Ngakho, ukweba izinto ezincane ruble esingaphansi 5,000., Kodwa uzibophezele ngokuphindaphindiwe, kungukuthi wajaha okubhekene zokuphatha kanye nomthetho wezobugebengu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngezinga elithile kubanjwa Kulokhu azosethwa kokubili ukweba izinto ezincane, uzibophezele ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngisho noma inani umonakalo ifinyelela izinga ubusela grand. Ukukhethwa okukhethwa kukho lapho ngamunye ngecala okwalandela izimisele ngendlela efanayo njengoba lowo odlule, futhi umphumela setha we yobugebengu enze Imininingwane kokuhoxiswa kokuhlelwa usayizi esikhulu.