Uhlelo impesheni e China yesimanje. Ingabe ikhona impesheni e China?

China - insimu enkulu futhi labantu izwe nge umlando onothileko kungekho ocebile kancane manje. China - lizwe ukuthi wanika jikelele iphepha, ukunyathelisa, Umsizi, usilika kanye nezinye izinto eziningi, lokho abantu kudingeka futhi kuze kube yilolu suku.

Ingabe ikhona impesheni e China?

Manje udaba nezokusigcoba kakhulu.

isiko Chinese iqala endulo. Namuhla kuba ezweni elithuthukile kakhulu, cishe kuzo zonke izindawo mboni futhi emnothweni kazwelonke. Impucuko Chinese umsebenzi zezenhlalo nezombusazwe wonke umuntu laliphezulu kakhulu. Okwamanje, inani labantu umhlalaphansi ingaphezu 170 mln. Abantu. Singasho, leli zwe ukuguga.

Ukwenqatshelwa ingane yesibili

Lena inkinga enkulu e China. Izwe nokuba zifeze ngisho izinguquko nqabela ukuzalwa kwenye ingane yakhe yesibili. Kungaba abelethe kuphela uma kuqala wayeneminyaka emine ubudala. Ngakho kubalulekile ukuba akhokhe isimo isigwebo eside. Ukwehlisa ukwanda kwabantu nomthelela lokuthi isimo ayinakho kungenzeka ukusiza abantu abadala yezwe.

ukwesekwa eyayenziwe Undercut abazali - esiyinhloko komsebenzi amadodakazi namadodana, okuyinto ithuthukiswe phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Izimpesheni e China ayifinyeleli ezingeni yentuthuko yezwe.

uhlelo impesheni Ixashwa

Faka uhlelo impesheni uxhaso waqala ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21. Kodwa le misele kwakungelona ngempumelelo kakhulu. iziqinisekiso Social wasebenza detriment yabo. Lo magazini akuvunyelwe lunqunywe ezingeni wombuso. UHulumeni ekusebentiseni mpi unomphela yokulwa nenkohlakalo, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa ukwanda engxenyeni sezikhalazo impesheni ngamunye. Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu eziseqhulwini inchubomgomo yembuso.

Njengoba kwakunjalo ngaphambili?

Ekuqaleni, impesheni China ebekiwe ngokukhethekile ukusebenza kuhulumeni kanye civil izinceku. Ngo-2007, impesheni wathola% 30 kuphela omphakathi (lonke ubudala enikeziwe izingane zabo). Ngo-2009, uhulumeni wase-China wenza uhlelo lapho kokukhokhwa kwempesheni yaqala ukuthola izincwadi izakhamuzi abahlala emaphandleni. Kakade 2012, u-55% sabantu ukuthola impesheni. Pension uhlelo accrual kuxhomeke ekutheni umuntu esimweni noma cha egijima.

Injani yempesheni yokuguga eChina?

Njengamanje, impesheni China eziba yilo. Abantu bendawo kukhona impesheni aphansi kakhulu, mayelana 9-17 zamadola. abazali asebekhulile aqukethe izingane. Umsebenzi oyinhloko izingane - nokunakekela abazali, ngakho uthi uhulumeni. Ngakho-ke, abasebenzi wezolimo ahlupheke kakhulu. Uma uhulumeni kokuchitha imali ekugcineni impesheni, khona-ke akukho ukuthuthukiswa yezwe ngeke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inani abantu umhlalaphansi idlula isibalo abasebenzi.

yobudala yokuthatha umhlalaphansi

Abesifazane hamba umhlalaphansi ngineminyaka engu-50. Abaphathi - engu-55. Futhi eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni engu-60, abantu ebulilini bowesilisa. imihlomulo yempesheni etholwe izisebenzi emkhakheni izinceku ezimbonini kanye civil. Kuyadingeka umsebenzi isipiliyoni engu-15. Ngalesi sikhathi umsebenzi kwenza iminikelo. Kukhona izinkampani ngqo buthelela sempesheni ukukhokhela izimpesheni abasebenzi bayo kwenziwa ngokugcwele.

Esikhathini impesheni Kingdom Ephakathi sibekwa edolobheni zabasebenzi bureau zokuvikeleka komphakathi. Kulezi izitho kabusha ivelakancane, kodwa uma sekudlule, kunzima ngempela. izindlela zokuphepha impesheni ayisebenzi.

Usayizi impesheni

abasebenzi State noma abasebenzi umkhakha nyangazonke uhlu 11 amaphesenti, zazo 7% ngumqashi nama-4% ngumsebenzi. Izimpesheni zikhokhelwa nyangazonke futhi ngaphandle kokulibala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bangaba ngu-20% of the amaholo isilinganiso. Inani yempesheni yokuguga eChina mayelana $ 240 ngenyanga. Ingabe esakho isidingo kade ukuqhuba kabusha impesheni.

Futhi 2017 kuyoba ukucabangela umthetho ku ukwanda kwezimpesheni ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Uhulumeni ufuna ukwethula impesheni okuxubile okuyinto kuzoncika iminikelo wesisebenzi. Futhi uhlela ukwandisa engu umhlalaphansi. Uhulumeni Manje ichitha 40% wesabelomali ngezimali. Pension Fund waziphatha isitoreji izakhamuzi imali, kodwa futhi unalo ilungelo ukuthenga amasheya ezinkampanini isimo, esinikela ukuphepha nokwenyuka kwezimali.

Ngokwesibonelo ukubala

Pension e China ekilasini evamile zokusebenza ibalwa kanje:

- lokuqala cabanga ngalokho okwehlela (ngakho 1 unyaka - yuan 100 impesheni);

- esenezela 1/120 - zanqwabelana ingxenye;

- inkokhelo yenziwa abantu ukusebenza kuze 31 Disemba 1997 (125 yuan);

- wanezela yokukhokha ngoba umonakalo futhi ubudala kule nkampani.

Abasebenzi amahhovisi e-dolobha nomholo ka 10,000 yuan ngenyanga kule minyaka engamashumi amathathu uzothola yempesheni 3,400 yuan. imihlomulo yempesheni umsebenzi State bayanda njalo ngonyaka (mayelana 300 yuan). China usehlela ukukhulisa ngo-15%, impesheni ngoba invalids impi futhi omakadebona iRed Army 1927-1937 inkathi.

Nabakhi bezindawo abanaki imithelela isaziso somphakathi futhi alimaze yesikhwama sempesheni, abantu abaningi babambelele izimali ezincwadini ukonga siqu.

Lokhu okungenhla kusikisela ukuthi izwe uku precipice zezimali. Lona umbono wezazi eziningi. Ngu 2050, inani umhlalaphansi bayovuka laya ezigidini ezingu-500 e-China. Kodwa China ubhekana nalezi zinkinga. Isimo lizwe izosebenzisa zonke izinyathelo ezidingekile ukuze ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo impesheni.

Izakhamuzi emadolobhaneni yesifundazwe ezincane nasemaphandleni kokukhokhwa kwempesheni abazi lutho, izindaba akakaze simboziwe. Into enjengale ukukhokhelwa kwezimpesheni abazi.

Ngaphambi kwalokhu, abantu umhlalaphansi, ngubani akufakiwe labasebenzi, inqobo umphakathi ngenhloso. Kodwa kuze kube manje, zihlakazekile, impesheni waqala ukuhlinzeka izingane zabo emva kulemiphakathi.

Kuleli zwe, ubuhlobo bomkhaya namanani eqinile ngempela, benze njalo abantwana bakwa ungahlukani phansi nabantu babo endala ngaphandle ukunakekelwa. Ngakho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bahlala kuphi, into esemqoka yisifiso ubuyise umndeni. Abantu abaningi bamshaya indiva kulokho kuvinjelwa isimo, ngoba ingane sebekhulile wayeyobanakekela.

Manje kuyacaca ukuthi impesheni China.

Yini namuhla?

Kuze kube namuhla, uhulumeni waseChina abayekanga ukucabanga ngalokho udinga ukwenza nokuphepha kwezizwe ngezizwe. Leli cebo yithuba ukhokhe yempesheni naleso sakhamuzi abaphezulu kanye izimpesheni ekhubazekile. Izinzuzo encike ngqo kwi inkokhelo futhi ubudala.

Lapho China kuzodala indlela ukuze uthole ukuvikeleka impesheni, abadala ayisekho ancike izingane, futhi ayisekho enye yezinkinga eliyisisekelo wenzalo. Ngakho, inani labantu eChina izoyenqaba. On the ukuzalwa kwengane, akudingeki ukuba bachithe imali nokuqeqeshwa kwakhe kumiswa ezinyaweni zawo. Ngakho, sizokwazi ukuphila ngenxa yakhe uqobo nangenxa ngokuthanda kwakhe, hhayi forking ku esizukulwaneni esisha. Manje impesheni ezinjalo e-China.