State Social: umqondo nezinhlamvu, izici

Cabangela isimo nenhlalakahle: umqondo futhi izimpawu zayo. Futhi kulesi sihloko uzofunda iziphi model of the state nomphakathi. Ake sithi amagama ambalwa mayelana nokuthuthukiswa izici zayo. Siyini isimo senhlalo, umqondo kanye nezici zazo sinesithakazelo? Lomgomo (isici) okuhlobene zomthethosisekelo kanye ngesimo esingokomthetho esimweni esithile.

Umgomo we isimo kwezenhlalo

Lesi simiso kusho isiqinisekiso somthetho-sisekelo amalungelo enhlalo nezomnotho nenkululeko kanye nemisebenzi State, okumele ukusebenzela umphakathi. Ihlose ukunciphisa umehluko kwezenhlalo futhi engenabulungisa ukuqeda kungenzeka ngokuphelele.

Imisebenzi okumele wenziwe isimo nenhlalakahle

Umqondo netimphawu isimo nenhlalakahle zihlobene imisebenzi yayo. Uma ucabangela izinto zesikhathi esidlule, kumelwe sikhumbule lokhu okulandelayo:

a) it has umsebenzi walo kwamenza ngokwesimo sawo njengoba isimo;

b) ukunakekela zonke lezi imisebenzi kuthinta nalokho okukushoyo kwezenhlalo, isb. i. uhlelo postulates bendabuko kuleli cala ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu izinhloso nemigomo isimo nenhlalakahle, futhi singaxoxa kulo mongo mayelana nokuba khona isimo esinjalo inqubomgomo jikelele emphakathini.

It ungabahlukanisa ngaphakathi jikelele ngenhloso zenhlalo ezindaweni ezithize umsebenzi, ie imisebenzi ethize, esesikhundleni isimo nenhlalakahle, umqondo kanye nezici zazo sichaza. Le misebenzi ifaka, ikakhulukazi:

1) usekelo imiphakathi ukuthi ngenxa yesimo senhlalo zilimala kalula ngokomzwelo;

2) ezempilo nokuphepha kwabantu;

3) ukweseka wesikhathi, ubuyise, umndeni kanye ebuntwaneni.

Futhi, isimo kufanele banakekele ekugcinweni kokuthula. Iziphi ezinye izici afakiwe umqondo wakhe? Izimpawu, injongo komphakathi wombuso zisikisela ukuthi kufanele bushelelezi ukungalingani ukuphinde sihambise engenayo phakathi kwemikhakha ezahlukene emphakathini. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa intela, izinhlelo ezikhethekile kwezenhlalo, isabelomali isimo.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu umqondo voluminous iyisimo nomphakathi. Umqondo nezici, imisebenzi - konke lokhu ungakhuluma isikhathi eside. Phakathi yokugcina kumele laphawula isimo ekhuthazayo imisebenzi yokusiza umphakathi (kuhlanganise ngokuhlinzekwa izakhiwo ebhizinisi ukuthi ukukuthwala, intela nendlela yokukhuthaza). Kuyadingeka ukuba asekele futhi ukuxhasa ngemali izinhlelo kwamasiko nocwaningo eziyisisekelo. Echaza isimo kwezenhlalo (umqondo nezinhlamvu) kafushane, mangisho ukuthi kumele lihlinzeke umsebenzi, ekulweni abangasebenzi, ukukhokhwa kwemihlomulo. Imisebenzi inawo futhi ukuthola ukuzimelela phakathi kwezidingo umnotho emakethe kanye nomthelela walo on ukuthuthukisa isimo. Injongo nethonya elingaka - ukunikeza ukuphila ohloniphekile izakhamuzi zawo. Bamba iqhaza ekuqalisweni kwezinhlelo kwemibuso kwesimo setenhlalo, emasiko kwemvelo, kanye ukuxazulula izinkinga zesintu futhi kufanele isimo nenhlalakahle. Umqondo nezici, imisebenzi, izinhlobo - konke lokhu inquma izici zalo eziyisisekelo.

Izici eziyinhloko isimo nenhlalakahle

Ngokwalokhu okungenhla kungenziwa baphetha ngokuthi isimo nenhlalakahle is ngaso sonke isikhathi silwele ukuqinisekisa zokuvikeleka komphakathi izakhamuzi, izimo ehloniphekile zikhona, ithuba iqhaza ekuphathweni ukukhiqizwa. Kahle kahle, kufanele okuhloswe ngazo ekudaleni zonke ekuphileni amathuba okungenani zilingana. Imisebenzi isimo ngokuyinhloko ukuze kuzuze wonke umuntu, ekusungulweni ubulungiswa kwezenhlalo emphakathini. It smooths out ukungalingani (ngokwezimali noma ngenye indlela), kusiza kwabahluphekayo nabampofu, ukunakekelwa izakhamuzi umsebenzi noma omunye umthombo khona, kuqinisekisa kulondolozwe ukuthula, ukwakheka ephephile ephilayo imvelo ukuthi abantu.

Izimo zaba khona isimo nenhlalakahle

Ukwakheka esesimweni esinjalo - akuyona nje inqubo kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho, kodwa futhi zokuziphatha, esidinga ukuba 'ongumuntu "ubukhulu. It lingahunyushwa baphetha e sicabangela lokhu okungenhla ukuthi izici nemibandela khona isimo yokuzijabulisa:

1) amandla ihlelwe wentando;

2) ezingeni eziphakeme zokuziphatha e zithi izikhulu nabo bonke abantu besifundazwe

3) ikhono elikhulu kwezomnotho, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba usabalalise imali, ngaphandle kokubukela phansi isikhundla abanikazi;

4) isakhiwo emnothweni ngamakhasimende emphakathini, okuyinto kubonakala khona lwezinhlobo ezahlukene ubunikazi, kanye ingxenye enkulu ubunikazi isimo ezindaweni edingekayo komnotho;

5) ukuthuthukiswa isimo emkhakheni wezomthetho;

6) ukuba khona kwezinye izinhlangano zomphakathi, okuyiwona state ithuluzi inqubomgomo ngamakhasimende yezenhlalakahle;

7) inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle ukuma, okuyinto kubonakala ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezahlukene zomphakathi, kanye kuqala kokusebenza kwabo;

8) ngenhloso yokuqaliswa kokuthola khona ezinhle ezivamile kanye nobulungiswa benhlalo yomphakathi;

9) ukutholakala umthetho sakhe ngekwemiva netenhlalo;

10) ezikulowo umthethosisekelo ifomula "isimo omphakathi."

Izenzakalo Welfare State

Singasho ukuthi izimiso zalo kanye nezinhloso ze-isimo nenhlalakahle senzeka ngesimo isimo esingokomthetho. Lenza ngokusebenzisa humanization emphakathini, ukuthi izimisele kuhlonyiswa kwetinhlangano ngabanye, ngaphezu ukugcwalisa bubuhle equkethe kwezinkambiso zomthetho. UMbuso yaceba ukuqinisekisa ezinhle ngamunye: lwezimiso khona ehloniphekile kanye nenkululeko wonke umuntu, ukuphepha komphakathi. Kufanele sisebenzelane ngokuqondile ukusatshalaliswa benhlalakahle yomphakathi, kodwa ngaphandle kokuyekethisa eziyisisekelo womnotho emakethe, ezifana mncintiswano, ubunikazi yangasese, umthwalo wemfanelo ngabanye entrepreneurship nabanye. Akufanele yini ukukhuthaza mass ukuncika nomphakathi.

imodeli ovulekile

Kusekelwe isimiso liberal enikela umthwalo siqu bonke abanye abantu emphakathini ngoba isiphetho umndeni wakhe futhi eyakhe. Kulesi imodeli, indima isimo azinakwa. Okokuqala zezenhlalakahle eyotholakala ngemihlomulo umshwalense yangasese futhi ukonga siqu. umsebenzi isimo kulokhu ukwandisa ukukhula of kwemali ngeniso. Sebenzisa le model of zezenhlalakahle, isibonelo, i-United States, eCanada nase-Australia.

imodeli yebhizinisi

Enye imodeli - yezinkampani. It kusikisela ukuba khona indlela izinhlangano nokuziphendulela (corporations) namabhizinisi esikhathini esizayo futhi isimo sezimali abasebenzi bayo. abasebenzi Corporation ukunikeza izinzuzo kwezenhlalo, okuhlanganisa impesheni, kanye nokukhokhwa olungaphelele ezemfundo, ezempilo kanye namanye amasevisi. Yakhelwe isimiso isimo yokuzijabulisa iFrance, iNetherlands, e-Ireland, i-Italy, eJalimane, Belgium, Austria nabanye.

imodeli olandelanayo

Umsebenzi oyinhloko kuyisibopho sakho ukuqinisekisa izimo sokuqala alinganayo namathuba ukuthuthukiswa kuzo zonke izakhamuzi. Umqondo ubudlelwano phakathi ezizimele, uhulumeni, yesihle nezinhlangano zomphakathi kuyisisekelo ezombusazwe olandelanayo. Isimiso womnotho okuxubile - isinqumo ezingeni kwezomnotho, wadala umnotho emakethe nomphakathi. Igxile imodeli inhlalakahle kukhona Japan ne-United Kingdom.

Imodeli ngenhla echazwe - kukhona izinhlobo enhle, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi zenzeka kuphi njengoba injalo emsulwa. Enkulumweni ngalinye ngokoqobo izakhi samanje amamodeli ahlukahlukene. Nokho, ubuswa eyodwa noma omunye wabo, ngakho-ke ungakwazi ukunquma ukuthi imiphi zezenhlalakahle noma kwelinye izwe.

Imodeli ezivame kakhulu isimo nenhlalakahle

Imodeli ezivamile ingenye lapho isisekelo - umphakathi umthwalo jikelele ngoba isiphetho ilunga ngalinye. Isimiso esiyisisekelo kuleli cala uba isimo ukuthi pay abasha ngokuba ubudala futhi ecebile - abampofu. State redistributes eziqoqwayo ukuthi eze kuye ngokusebenzisa isabelomali, zezenhlalakahle, izimali umshuwalense wezempilo, uhlelo wezenhlalakahle. izikhungo ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni lusito kutenhlalakahle (izinhlelo, izimali nokunye. D.) Ukudlala indima esekelayo.

Ukuphikisana sangaphakathi isimo nenhlalakahle

Uma ucabangela ngesihloko esithi "Social State: umqondo, ngokuyisisekelo, izibaluli," kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi unakho ukuphikisana yangaphakathi. isimo Social sihamba izigaba ezithile ukuthuthukiswa kanye esiteji kumiswa. Ukucabanga lezi zinkinga futhi aliziphikisi baba nengxoxo obanzi esenzeka wezifundo zezombusazwe kanye zezemfundo ngabafokazi 80s - 90s ngekusasa lakhe kanye nenhlekelele yakhe. Ngesisekelo izinqubo eziye zaholela kwezinye izinkinga acute ekhona isimo kwezenhlalo, kukhona uhlobo engalingani cyclical ukuthuthukiswa komnotho, kanye ukuchayeka sphere kwezenhlalo kanye nomthelela emnothweni izenzakalo kwenqubomgomo kanye namazwe angaphandle. I inkohliso of ukuvumelana phakathi ukukhula komnotho futhi ukwandisa umbuso ukusatshalaliswa nemikhuba izinzuzo kwezenhlalo nezomnotho sezomnotho esimanzonzo emhlabeni uye wonakalisa ubuhlobo. Wenzile ukuthi kukhona izinkinga ezingathi sína yemali, akunakwenzeka bangaphezi axhaphaze izinto ezishibhile eluhlaza amazwe.

Ingxoxo mayelana amathemba isimo nenhlalakahle kanye nenhlekelele waphinda siphakamisele, uma labhujiswa lokwakuvamile eMpumalanga Yurophu lapho eJalimane babhekana nobunzima kwezomnotho ehambisana nokulingana ethuthukiswayo zempumalanga eJalimane, lapho kwakukhona ukunwetshwa European Union. Zonke lezi amashifu global kwezomnotho kanye geopolitical ezitholakala yinkimbinkimbi ubudlelwano phakathi kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi.

isimo Komphakathi kanye zomthetho

Yini enye eningayenza ukutshela, okwembula ngesihloko esithi "Social State: umqondo, izici, imisebenzi"? Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isimo nenhlalakahle lwanamuhla kuyinto komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane elandela isimo paternalistic. Isimo social akuyona esiteji ekuthuthukiseni komthetho. Nokho, isimo esingokomthetho kuphela bangaba kwezenhlalo, okungukuthi, lapho kakade athuthukile mechanisms umthetho.

inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle

inqubomgomo Social ingenye amathuluzi esiyinhloko ekusebenziseni isimo emphakathini. Ubudlelwano obuphakathi kwabo kubonakala kanjani isimo ngokujulile futhi egcwele yezenhlalakahle olandela inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle, kanye ngezinga elingakanani kubonisa indlela izithakazelo kanye nezidingo zezakhamuzi zawo.

Kutfolakala Imiphumela nezinjongo eziphathelene nokwenza ngcono inhlalakahle social and impahla, inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle ihlose. Injongo yalo ibuye - ngcono izimpilo zabantu bonke abantu, nokuvinjelwa kungevani kahle kutenhlalo.

Ingqikithi inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle, okuyinto izisethile wokuba isimo kwezenhlalo, kufanele kube ukuqinisekisa ukuphila kwakhona kusezingeni eliphezulu, izimo inhlalakahle. Umsebenzi kwezinhlelo ezisebenza kahle, inqubomgomo obuqinile nabanye esesimweni esinjalo kuziwa ziza kuqala.

Ngakho, sakhuluma ngalokho lubeke inhlalakahle. Concept, essence, izici, futhi imodeli yayo ichazwe. State ngamunye kufanele afune ukwenza kakhulu izimiso zawo. Russian Federation - ke futhi iyisimo nomphakathi. Umqondo, izici, imisebenzi yayo kuMthethosisekelo wezwe lakithi. It lwemukelwa ngo-1993. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi isikhulu waseRussia - isimo nenhlalakahle. Concept futhi izici (TGP wahlanganyela izifundo zabo) asetshenziswa inqubomgomo okuqhubekayo Russia. Nokho, kumiswa langempela isimo nenhlalakahle ezweni lethu namanje ngendlela efanele usaqala.

olufanele kakhulu namuhla isihloko "Social State:. umqondo nezinhlamvu" Isethulo, abstract, noma Yiqiniso umsebenzi ngalo zingenziwa ukuthembela amaphuzu akulesi sihloko.