Izikhathi ezinzima emhlabathini Russian: ngekhulu le-13 - isikhathi Ukuhlasela

Ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, abahlaseli wazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ukungethusa ukuze anqobe eRussia, futhi kuyazuzisa ngempela, ziqotho, kuze kube yilolu suku. izikhathi ezinzima musa buphinde emlandweni ezweni Russian. Kodwa lokhu, ekhulwini le-13, esikhathini esinzima ukuthi ngejozi ubukhona isimo wayengekho, kubonakala, nakuqala noma ngemva. Ukuhlaselwa Kwakuseshwa, nasentshonalanga naseningizimu ngu bahlaseli ahlukahlukene. Izikhathi ezinzima ezweni Russian.

Rus ekhulwini le-13

Naye-ke umelwe? Ekuqaleni ngomhla ka 13 waseConstantinople ekhulwini njengoba isikhungo elingokomoya liye laphelelwa ithonya layo. Amanye amazwe (isibonelo, iBulgaria, iSerbia) ukuqaphela igunya futhi ubukhulu yamaKatolika. Isivimbo zomhlaba Orthodox iba Russia ke namanje - Kiev. Kodwa endaweni wayengekho iyunifomu. Ngaphambi ayehlasela Batu Khan noquqaba lwakhe of Russian Mir kwaba principalities ambalwa elwela ithonya bodwa. Ezikhungethwe yizingxabano izikhulu izihlobo, akazange ababa nesandla ekuhlelweni wempi united, uyakwazi ukunikeza ukumelana ehloniphekile abahlaseli. Lokhu kwavula indlela lokho kwenzeke isikhathi esinzima emhlabathini Russian.

Ukungenelwa Batu

Ngo 1227 ushiya Khan wokuphila, iqhawe elikhulu asempumalanga. Sekube khona ukwabiwa kwamandla phakathi izihlobo evamile. Omunye abazukulu, Batu, waba umlingisi ikakhulukazi empini neziphiwo yenhlangano. Wabahlanganisela ibutho elikhulu we imiqondo (izinkulungwane zabantu endaweni ethile emhlabeni 140), ehlanganisa abantu abayimizulane kanye Amasosha. Ekwindla ka 1237 ayehlasela waqala. ibutho isiRashiya kwakuwulimi ngaphansi eminingi (kufika ku abantu abayizinkulungwane 100) futhi ayahlakazeka. Ngakho-ke, ulahleke edabukisayo impi Kalka. Kunengqondo, nakhu litfuba lekuhlangana ndawonye ezibhekene isitha. Kepha izikhulu zabantwana elite elibusayo baqhubeka ukuxabana, eNovgorod, enyakatho, nebandla elisha Kwagqashuka nezibhelu. Ngenxa yalokho - ukubhujiswa obengeziwe principalities. Okokuqala Ryazansky ke - Vladimir-Suzdalsky. Kolomna, eMoscow ezazihlupha ... uVladimir, Baty waya Novgorod, kodwa hhayi ukufinyelela, walibhekisa eningizimu yangena asemaqeleni Polovtsian - ubuyise amandla. Ngo 1240 izindimbane Batu incithakalo Chernihiv, Kyïv, wangena e-Europe, amaqhawe Mongol weza kuze Adriatic. Kodwa kamuva wayeka empini ezindaweni. Bese - wawa ezikhathini ezinzima ezweni Russian. ijoka Bicentennial amiselwe ngemva kokuhlasela engamashumi amabili edlule, nezishiwo ekukhokhweni intela zonke emazweni ayenqotshiwe ababusi lwesiTatar. Njengoba izazi-mlando zithi, waphelela kuphela 1480.

Usongo nasentshonalanga

izikhathi ezinzima izinkinga inhlabathi Russian Akuzona empumalanga eningizimu ekhulwini le-13. Uma kukhona Ukuhlasela ayemaningi mikhankaso ingajezisa engxenyeni esentshonalanga impi njalo abangu ukuhlaselwa njalo. Russia alwa namabutho zonke abaseSweden, naseLithuania, amaJalimane. Ngo 1239, iNkosi ka-Sweden wathumela ibutho elikhulu ngokumelene Novgorod. Kodwa ngawo lowo nyaka, abaseSweden baqhutshwa emuva futhi wawahlula (ethumba Smolensk). On iNeva amasosha Russian babengabaprofethi elinqobile. ISikhulu Novgorod, u-Alexander wahola isikwati wahlasela kahle ahlomile futhi aqeqeshiwe ibutho isiSwidi. Ukuze lokhu kunqoba wabizwa saseNevsky (ngaleso sikhathi hero engu-20 kuphela ubudala!). Ngo 1242-m ngixosha amaJalimane kusukela Pskov. Kepha u-Aleksandru ngawo lowo nyaka, okubangela buhlungu elimazayo amabutho uyiqhawe impi eLake Peipus (Battle of the Ice). Knights babulala amaningi ukuze Umyalelo Livonian iminyaka 10, akazange siphumele ukuhlasela izwe Russian. Nakuba abaningi empini yase-Novgorod futhi saphumelela, kodwa nokho kwakungeyona ngempela ezisindayo, izikhathi ezinzima emhlabathini Russian.

Izwe elisizungezile (Grade 4)

Kufinyeta, singasho okuningi ngokuvamile, wonke ngekhulu le-13 e umlando Russia kwakunzima izikhulu-isinqumo phezulu, futhi abantu abavamile, owafa, nichitha igazi ngenxa eside futhi eminingi imisebenzi yezempi. Mongol ijoka Yiqiniso, abathintekayo ukuthuthukiswa isimo isiRashiya, futhi impahla inhlalakahle emadolobheni, baphoqwa ukuba bakhokhe intela. Futhi izimpi nge amabutho empi yenkolo ngoba ngokubaluleka kwayo uyakhazinyuliswa movie nezincwadi. Lokhu kwaziswa kungasetshenziswa ukuze kube yisifundo sokuthi kwengqikithi ethi: "Izikhathi Hard emhlabathini Russian (isigaba 4)."