Imali yokubeletha yokuthenga imoto: umthetho udluliselwa. Izinguquko emthethweni

Ukusekela imindeni evela kuhulumeni - lokhu akuyona into yokugcina. Amaseli omphakathi onabantwana ane-okuthiwa i-capital mama. Lena yimali engasetshenziswa ngezidingo ezithile. Ngokuyinhloko izingane. Kodwa kungenzeka yini ukuthumela imali yokubeletha ukuthenga imoto? Umthetho wamukelwe kulezi zinkokhelo isikhathi eside, kodwa umbuzo usuvulekile. Kunzima ukwahlulela mayelana nokuthenga imoto. Yiziphi imithetho kule ndaba eRussia? Iyini injongo yenhloko yokubeletha?

I-Matcapital ...

Ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngalokho okukhokhwe khona, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yikuphi ukwesekwa okubonakalayo okusengozini. I-Matkapital iyinkokhelo enikezwa kuyo yonke imindeni enezingane. Kodwa kuphela uma sikhuluma ngemindeni enezingane ezimbili noma ngaphezulu.

Lokhu ukukhokha kuyindlela yokusekela umbuso ngamabhangqwana asebeqale ukuphila okuhlangene futhi acabangela ukuthi uqale umntwana noma cha. Uhlobo lokugqugquzela ukukhulisa abantu ezweni. E-Russia, lapho ubhalisa lesi sesekelo sombuso, owesifazane ukhiphe isitifiketi sezimali zokubeletha. Kungasetshenziswa kwezinye izidingo zomndeni. Yini ngempela?

Uzochitha kuphi

Uhlu lwamathuba kule ndawo luyaqhubeka lushintsha. Ngo-2016, abesifazane bangathumela ngokunembile izimali ezitholiwe:

• Ukwakheka kwempesheni yabo;
• Ukufundisa ingane;
• Ukwelashwa kwengane;
• Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimo zokuphila;
• Ukuthengwa kwemithi edingekayo nemishini yezokwelapha;
• Ukuhlinzeka ukuvuselelwa kwengane.

Ungabona ukuthi azikho izindleko zomuntu lapha. Ungasebenzisa imali yokubeletha ukuthenga imoto ngo-2016? Lo mbuzo uphikisana. Kunezindlela eziningana ezidingekayo zokutadisha ngaphambi kokunikeza impendulo.

Inani lokukhokha

Umbuzo wokuthi ungathumela kuphi ukwesekwa kwezwe okwamukelwe ngendlela ye-capital capital, uye wavela kusukela ekubukeni kwalesi sikhuthazo. Kuhlale kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kungani lezi zimali noma ezinye izimali zinikezwa. Mhlawumbe okwamanje asikho iphuzu lokuthola imali!

Kungenxa yamathuba angenhla ukuthi umbuzo uvame ukuvela ukuthi ingakanani imali yokubeletha. Isibonelo, ukuthuthukisa izimo zokuphila nokuvuselelwa kwengane, njengomthetho, kudinga izindleko ezibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ngokugcwele ukuthi imali isetshenziselwa kanjani izinzuzo ezivela kuhulumeni.

Ukuguqulwa ngobukhulu bomthamo wabazali kwenzeka njalo. Kumele kuqashelwe ngokushesha - inani labantwana alithintekile ukukhokha. Umbuso ubeka inani elinqunyiwe lokusekela izinto ngonyaka. Futhi ukwanda kwezinkokhelo kubangelwa ukufakwa ohlwini kuphela.

Ngakanani imali enkulu yomzali ngo-2016? Inani lahlala lifana nango-2015, okungu-453.026 ruble. Le nkokhelo ifakwa kanye kuphela ekuphileni. Imithetho enjalo isungulwa eRussia. Umndeni ungathola i-matkapital lapho ingane yesibili ibonakala, kodwa emva kokuzalwa kwengane yesithathu ukusekelwa kwezwe okunjalo ngeke kusaba khona. Isitifiketi semali yokubeletha singatholwa kanye kuphela. Nini ukuthola imali? Lo mzuzu unqunywa abazali!

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhokha

Kodwa akuwona wonke amathuba okuvuselelwa kwesimo samaseli emphakathini anabantwana. Into yukuthi kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zezibalo zomlando eRussia. Yini esikhuluma ngayo? Manje kukhona izinkokhelo ezilandelayo:

• I-Federal;
• Isifunda.

Uhlobo lokuqala - lokhu kuyinhloko ye-maternity yamabele, eyisibalo esedlula ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-400. Yamukelwa yizakhamuzi zonke ezibelethe izingane ezimbili noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa lokhu kuyisikhathi sesikhathi esisodwa. Ingabe le nhloko yokubeletha izosetshenziselwa ukuthenga imoto? Umthetho walesi sesekelo sombuso wamukelwa esikhathini esidlule, usasebenza kuze kube ngu-2018. Kodwa umbuzo wokuchitha uhlala uvulekile kuze kube yilolu suku. Lapho kungenzeka khona ukuchitha imali yenani lomama, selivele selicacile.

Kodwa kukhona uhlobo lwesibili lomgqugquzeli wombuso. Ayitholakali kuzo zonke izifunda zezwe. Sikhuluma ngezinkokhelo zesifunda. Yini abathintekayo kangaka kubantu?

Ingqikithi yesifunda

Ngaphambilini kwathiwa mayelana nenhloko yezokubeletha yase-federal. Lokhu kukhokhwa okuthandwayo futhi okuwusizo kakhulu, okusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ekuqedeni umama, noma ekuthuthukiseni izimo zokuphila nokuqeqesha ingane. Kodwa kwezinye izifundo kukhona into enjenge-matkapital yesifunda. Kuyini? Yini enesithakazelo kangaka kuyo?

Into ewukuthi lolu hlobo lokusekelwa kwezinto zombuso luyinto engeyona ejwayelekile. Futhi kuzo zonke izinhlelo - kokubili ngobukhulu nesicelo. Ngingathumela yini imali yokubeletha ukuthenga imoto? Umthetho wamukelwa ekukhokhweni kwesifunda ngo-2008. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, abaningi baqala ukucabanga ngombuzo owawubuzwa.

Futhi akulona nje lokho. Phela, inani lokusekela kwesifunda semindeni enezingane liphakathi kwama-ruble angu-100 000. Ngenxa yokunganaki, le mali iyokwanela ukuthenga imoto. Ngendlela yakho yokuhamba nezingane, impilo iba lula kakhulu. Kungashiwo ukuthi ngokuvamile ukubuyiswa komndeni okuzayo okusemandleni okufunda ukushayela eminye imindeni.

I-matkapital yesiFunda - kuyinani nje lemali elinikezwa bonke abazali ngomntwana ngamunye. Futhi akukho mingcele ekhethekile yokuchitha lapha. Kungashiwo ukuthi ukukhokha okunjalo kuyimali yezidingo zamanje. Iningi ingane. Kodwa akukho ukulinganiselwa okucacile nemiyalo yokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani ukusekelwa kwesifundazwe (ngokufana nezinkokhelo zombuso).

Kuye ngohlobo lenkxaso

Ngakho-ke ingabe ungasebenzisa ngempela imali yokubeletha ukuthenga imoto? Umthetho wamukelwe ekukhokhweni kwezinga lesifunda ngo-2008. Kwezinye izindawo zezwe, liye lasetshenziswa ngempumelelo. Sekucacile kakade, ngoba iziphi izidingo ezingasetshenziswa kanye nezinkokhelo zentela, nesifunda. Abaningi kuphela abaqondi ukuthi benzeni ngokuthenga imoto.

Kuzo zonke ezingenhla, ungadonsela isiphetho esisodwa esilula: i-materalperal federal kunoma ikuphi akufanele isetshenziswe emotweni. Lokhu kuthengiselana akuvumelekile. Uhulumeni wezwe ukhulume kaningi ngokukhuliswa kwamalungelo okusebenzisa lolu hlobo losizo lokuthenga imoto. Kodwa ngo-2016 izinguquko ezinjalo ohlelweni lwesishayamthetho azenzekanga.

Kodwa ukusekelwa kwezezimali zesifunda kungasetshenziswa emotweni. Nokho, kwezinye izindawo ze-Russian Federation, imingcele yalolu daba isasebenza. Ezindaweni ezimbalwa nje lonke elaseRussia, leli thuba lafakwa ngokuphumelelayo ukuthenga imoto emisha yomndeni ngokukhokha izinkokhelo zesifunda ezitholiwe. Lezi yizi:

• Isifunda saseKaliningrad.
• I-Kamchatka Territory.
• I-Novosibirsk.
• Ulyanovsk.
• Isifunda sase-Orel.

Kulezi zindawo ezibalwe ngenhla, ukukhokhwa kwemali yokuthengwa kwezimoto ezakhiwe yinhloko-dolobha kamama kutholakala kahle. Kwanele ukuthola inkokhelo yesifunda. Bese ulandela imingcele ethile ekuthengeni imoto.

Imikhawulo nemithetho

Yini okudingeka uyikhokhele imindeni ezimisele ukuchitha emotweni imali eyinhloko yokubeletha? Ngeshwa, akuzona zonke izithuthi ezingathengwa ngalezi zimali. E-Russia, kunezimiso ezithile. Futhi ukungahambisani kwabo kuzobandakanya ukungalungi kokuthengiselana.

Into yokuthi ungasebenzisa imali yakho yokubeletha ekuthengweni kwemoto. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo wenze imibhalo egameni lomama wengane. Phela, ngumama othola ukwesekwa okuvela embusweni. Futhi unelungelo lokusebenzisa imali.

Lokhu akuwona umthetho kuphela. Kuzodingeka uthenge izimoto zokukhiqiza ezifuywayo nakanjani. Awekho izimoto zangaphandle. Futhi okucatshangwa manje ukuqaliswa kokuvinjelwa ekubuyiselweni kwemoto esithengiwe.

Ngokuvamile, isimo ngezimoto kanye nomthamo womama kuyinto engavamile. Umthethosivivinywa, ovumela wonke umuntu ukuba asebenzise imali ezokuthutha emndenini, engakamukeli. Kuphela ezingeni lesifunda. Kungani? Ngenxa yeziphambeko eziningi kanye nokungaphumeleli, okungenakuqedwa noma kucatshangelwe. Yini esikhuluma ngayo?

I-Cons ye-system

Ukusetshenziswa kwemali yomndeni kuyisinqumo ngokuzithandela. Uma kungumbuzo wezinkokhelo zikahulumeni, ke kulabo noma kwezinye izinto ezithintekayo izintshisekelo zazo zonke amalungu omndeni kufanele zicatshangelwe. Umthethosivivinywa ovumela ukuthi uchithe ukusetshenziswa kwezindleko zomphakathi (federal) ekuthuthweni, kunomphumela owodwa ophawulekayo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ukuthi esimweni esinjalo ukungahloniphi imibono kanye nokubukwa kwezingane noma abashade kungenzeka. Isibonelo, ubaba ukholelwa ukuthi imoto iyadingeka, kanti yonke imindeni iphikisana nayo. Indlela yokuxazulula izingxabano ezinjalo? Ayikho impendulo.

Ukuze ukhiphe imali eyinhloko yokubeletha ekuthengeni imoto ngeke isebenze ngesizathu esisodwa. Le nkokhelo yenzelwe ekuqaleni ukuthuthukisa izimpilo zabantwana. Kodwa ukuqapha izinzuzo ezilethwe imoto kuyinkinga kakhulu. Akucaci ukuthi ungakwenza kanjani lokhu.

Izindleko zezimoto azikhawulelwe. Akukakushiywa ukuthi uma ukuthenga kuzodingeka ukhokhe imali eyengeziwe kwizimali zakho. Lokhu kungenye indlela yokuthengiselana embuzweni.

Ukuhlukunyezwa kwamalungelo

Kuze kube manje, singasho nje into eyodwa: esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukusebenzisa imali enikezwa umama, akunakwenzeka ukuthenga imoto ngokuqondile. Futhi lokhu ngisho ngaphandle kokucabangela ukwehluleka okubalwe ngaphambilini. Ngakho-ke, kungani ukukhokhelwa kwezemoto komgwaqo kungasetshenziswa?

Konke lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imali enikezwa abazali ihloselwe izingane. Futhi yibo abancane okufanele bazuze. Kodwa hhayi abazali. Imoto iyindlela yokuhamba ehloswe kuphela kumalungu amadala omndeni, ngokuzikhethela kwawo siqu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokuletha ithuba lokusebenzisa matkapitala emotweni, umbuso ululawula ukuhlukunyezwa kwezimali ezikhishwe. Akuvumelekile ukuthi imali enikezwa izingane isetshenziswa kwenye into!

Indlela yokuthola i-materalperal federal

Amadokhumenti kumali kamama (federal) ukuqoqa ayinzima kakhulu. Futhi thola ukusekelwa kwezimali. Abazali kudingeka baqoqe iphakheji elincane lamaphepha azobanika ilungelo lokuthenga isitifiketi esifanele. Kudingeka ukuthatha (ngamakhophi):

• Ipasipoti yomfakisicelo (okungcono kunabo bobabili abazali);
• Izitifiketi zokuzalwa zazo zonke izingane;
• Amadokhumenti ngokutholwa (uma kukhona);
• Isicelo sokukhokha;
• I-SNILS (umzali nengane egameni lakhe ukukhokha kwenziwa);
• Isitifiketi somshado (uma ikhona).

Lawa wonke amadokhumenti ebhange lokubeletha elizocelwa kumamukeli. Ngemva kokucubungula isicelo (ngoba lokhu kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-30), abazali bathola isitifiketi. Iphakheji elingenhla lamadokhumenti lifanelekile kokubili izinkokhelo zesifunda nesifundazwe.

Ukuya kuphi

Futhi ungayisebenzisa kuphi ukuthola lokhu noma ukusekelwa kwezimali? Lo mbuzo uthanda abaningi. Akunakwenzeka ukuyiphendula ngokungaqondile. Ngamaphepha angenhla, ungaxhumana:

• Isikhwama sePensheni yaseRussia.
• Ukuphathwa kwedolobha.

Esikhathini sokuqala, isicelo sinikezwa abazali - bathola imali yokubeletha ngesilinganiso sikahulumeni. Ukuphathwa kwedolobha nezincwadi kufanele kufike uma kuziwa ezinkokhelweni zesifunda.

Imibono yabazali

Kuvela ukuthi ngeke kube khona ukuchitha imali emotweni yomama. Ukuphawula kwabazali ngale ndaba kuhlukaniswe. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukuvinjelwa okunjalo kwamalungelo akuvumelekile. Futhi ukuthi abazali ngokwabo banelungelo lokukhetha lokho abakudinga ngesikhathi ingane ivela.

Abanye, ngokuphambene nalokho, banelisekile ngokuvinjelwa kokuthengwa kwezokuthutha ngaphandle kwalolu hlobo losizo. Ngemuva kwalokho, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, inzuzo yemoto emndenini yezingane ihlala ibuzwa. Ngokuvamile inzuzo enkulu ekuthuthweni komuntu siqu inikezwa kubazali, kodwa hhayi kubantwana. Manje kusobala ukuthi awukwazi ukuchitha yonke imali yakho yokubeletha ukuthenga imoto. Umthetho wamukelwa ekusungulweni kwenkxaso yokuxhasa imindeni nezingane isikhathi eside. Ithi lokhu lokukhokha kungenxa yezidingo zezingane kuphela.