Necala lobugebengu ngenxa yokukhwabanisa. Art. 159 we Criminal Code kumagazini omusha

Isigaba VIII we Penal Code isahluko 21 lizokwenza ubugebengu obenziwa impahla. It isethwe ukuba abe ngokukhwabanisa (Art. 159). Of Criminal Code ichaza nomqondo umthwalo lobu bugebengu. Ake sicabangele ke kabanzi.

Ukukhwabanisa: Art. 159 we Criminal Code

Ngaphansi ukuthi isenzo kumelwe siwaqonde ukuntshontshwa zabanye, noma yokufuna amalungelo wayo ngokusebenzisa ukungathembeki noma ukukhohlisa. Le nguqulo entsha ye Art. 159 we Criminal Code sihlinzekela izinhlawulo ezilandelayo:

1. Inhlawulo ruble kuze kufinyelele 120,000. noma isamba s / n noma ezinye imali enecala kwesikhathi enyakeni owodwa.
2. Kuyadingeka ubude operation amahora 180.
3. Ababoshwe izinyanga 2-4.
4. umsebenzi kweziMilo ehlala njalo ezinyangeni 6-12.
5. Aboshwe isikhathi kuze kube iminyaka engu-2.

isihluku

Ubugebengu kungenziwa bophezela ilungiselelo lokuqala iqembu labantu noma enza umonakalo elisemqoka kuya isisulu. Ngokuba abanjalo ukukhwabanisa Art. 159 (2) se-Criminal Code inikeza:

1. Okuhle-300 eziyinkulungwane. Deda. (Noma lemali lengenako nobe s / n ngoba isikhathi kuze kube iminyaka engu-2).
2. zabasebenzi kweziMilo iminyaka 1-2.
3. Aboshwe isikhathi kuze iminyaka 5.
4. umsebenzi ophoqelekile amahora 180-240.

Ubugebengu izikhulu

Ngokuba abanjalo ukukhwabanisa Art. 159 we Criminal Code inikeza:

1. Inhlawulo obuyizinkulungwane 100-150. Hlikihla. noma inani c / n noma ezinye imali icala iminyaka 1-3.
2. Isiphetho iminyaka 2-6.

Kulo mBhalo, ngaphezu ejele, angase ngaphezu kwalokho bazohlawuliswa e lemali afika ku-10 eziyinkulungwane. Hlikihla. noma isamba s / n noma ezinye imali isikhathi kuze kube inyanga 1. Lezi zinyathelo zinikezwa, futhi lokwebiwa ngezinga elikhulu.

ngaphezu kwalokho

Ingxenye 4 Art. 159 we Criminal Code for isenzo esenziwa beyiqembu elihleliwe noma ngezinga elikhulu ikakhulukazi, usungula isigwebo ejele ngenxa yokutholwa 5-10 kweminyaka. Kulesi simo kungenziwa ngaphezu kwalokho esihle kwabalelwa 1 mln. e lemali lengenako nobe s / n isephulamthetho kuncike isikhathi engu-3. Art. 159 (4) CC ubeka isigwebo olunzima. Ngakho, sicabanga isihloko olwengeziwe.

Art. 159 we Criminal Code of the Russian Federation ngamazwana

Dispositive ingxenye kuhlanganisa ingxenye eyinhloko, abanekhono (Ingxenye yesibili) kanye bakufanelekele ngokukhethekile. Igama elithi "ukukhwabanisa" lisetshenziswa kuphela encazelweni izenzo kujeziswe. Isibopho linikeza kuyinsakavukela ekhethekile zomthetho. Art. 159 we Criminal Code kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlukanisa izinhlobo ezimbili izenzo eziphambene nomthetho: ukweba impahla kanye yokufuna amalungelo wayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lamaphuzu ezindleleni ezithile ubugebengu. Lezi zindlela ezingezansi: kuqeda ukwethembana futhi bakopele.

impahla Theft

Le ncazelo ubhekwa Art yasekuqaleni. 159 we Criminal Code. Ngokuqondene nokukhulumela, owanikezwa Sec. 1 soMthetho Isinqumo ezamukelwe ngu Plenum kwelanga ngo-2002 (Inombolo 29), ukwebiwa izimpawu zobugebengu isenzo kanye emiselwe esihlokweni okuxoxwa ngayo. Supreme Court kunikeza incazelo ngokwanele ecacile ukoniwa. Theft - khulula yokwelashwa okungekho emthethweni noma ekuthatheni impahla abanye, esivuna isephulamthetho noma elinye ibhizinisi okubangela umnikazi (umnikazi) umonakalo. a ekwakhiweni enjalo inikeza kube nekucondza ngalokufanako isenzo njengoba incazelo ejwayelekile. Ngakho ukuhlanganisa zonke izinhlobo kanye namafomu ukweba, ezihlanganisa ukukhwabanisa.

nenkohliso

Art. 159 we Criminal Code isebenzisa umcabango e esibonisa izenzo. Ngokusekelwe yokuthi ukukopela kungenziwa igcwaliseke kuphela ngaphakathi kohlaka ubuhlobo ethize phakathi izakhamuzi, njengoba awukwazi hlonishwa njengomphakathi isenzo akuphazamisi psyche womuntu. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, ngokuvumelana sihloko. 159 we Criminal Code ayikwazi afanelekele ukuba ubudlova obunjalo, ukusetshenziswa amakhadi asebhange intshontshiwe noma zakhiwa, esikhundleni bephonsa zemali metal bezinto ezihlukahlukeneko, nezinye izenzo ezifanayo. Kulokhu kungenzeka ukuba amukele izincomo Criminal Code, esihlelwe ngomumo ukuze amazwe CIS, ukufakwa lokwebiwa imithetho obenziwa ukusetshenziswa kwamadivaysi lobuchwepheshe. In the ukungabikho ilungiselelo elinjalo kule nomthetho we ukukhwabanisa isakhiwo Kulezi zindlela ezingenhla, ngokwezinga elikhulu ziyingxenye a ukweba imfihlo noma ukweba kunokuba ukukhwabanisa. Njengoba izenzo senkohliso izitatimende ezingamanga nendaba, okungase azibonayo baqonde them zibika for izenzo zabo.

eduke

Kusebenza njengomnyombo uphenyo lokukhwabanisa. Isisulu abathola zamanga, kahle labo esithile izenzakalo, izenzo, amaqiniso. Lesi simo kuthinta ukwamukelwa kamuva ngesinqumo anawo yangasese esivuna lowo okonile noma abantu wabhekisela kuwo. izenzo adukisayo njengenhlangano yokulamula ubuhlobo esiyimbangela phakathi ukuziphatha unecala futhi ngenxa ukulahlekelwa impahla umnikazi wendawo noma amalungelo kubo.

emacaleni Ukushayela

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni ukungaziphathi kahle ukwakha wesifunda okulandelayo: nenkohliso (owenze isigebengu) - edukisayo isisulu - isenzo isisulu ngesisekelo ulwazi zamanga (ukudluliswa kwempahla noma amalungelo nalokho noma nevosprepyatstvovanie ukuhoxiswa amagugu) - umphumela esabelweni isihloko enecala yakhe inzuzo (noma abanye).

In the ukungabikho okungenani oyedwa isici wesifunda ayisona kube ubugebengu, futhi ukuziphatha umuntu angeke kubhekwe ngaphansi Art. 159 we Criminal Code.

esibalulekile

izenzo adukisayo njengoba ukuhlanekezela Ngokuqhubeka lweqiniso la ezenzweni zobugebengu ngenxa sengingene ubuhlakani isisulu. Kufanele nakanjani babe umphumela izenzo icala kokuziphatha. Nokho, angase noma enze izenzo ezithile ezikwenza kumiswa kwaleyondawo amaphutha, noma bangenzi kubo. Kulo mBhalo, lowo okonile umane akababhubhisi seludaliwe kusuka isisulu uhlanekezelwe kahle. Kule ndaba, kunzima zivumelana isikhundla ukuthi ukukhohlisa akunakwenzeka wazithulela. Ngisho nalapho engekho kunomthelela oqonde ngqo psyche of isisulu, kungase kube edukisayo.

Indicia

Ngokwencazelo yaleli Art. 159 we Criminal Code, isisulu kumele abe yisakhamuzi ukuze uthumele impahla yabo noma ukunikeza lowo okonile noma abantu wabhekisela kuwo amalungelo athile. Mayelana nalesi sici ungabahlukanisa, isici mayelana nale ndaba, ngokumelene lapho yokungena. Isisulu, ngakho kufanele abe nelungelo impahla kanye ikhono lokuphatha yamanani ngokuzikhethela kwayo. Ngokuphathelene ukukhwabanisa, leli gama lisetshenziswa ngomqondo yayo emincane. Uma enwetshiwe incazelo nakanjani ahlanekezela incazelo isihloko futhi i- isimiso kusemthethweni. Umqondo wezomthetho, "ukudlala ngokugebenga" libhekene izici ezimbili: ulwazi kanye zokuziphatha. Ukuze kwebalingisi of isenzo yobuciko. 159 we Criminal Code kumele khona zombili lezi zindlela.

ukungathembeki

Ukukhwabanisa ngale ndlela iqinile practice esingaphansi usebenzisa ukukhohlisa. Trust ubhekwa inkolelo ethile kulokhu ubuqotho, ngobuqotho, ezinhle, ukwethembeka omunye umuntu. Anomlandu wokwenza ubulelesi, isephulamthetho asizakale lokhu. Njengomthetho, leli fomu lokukhwabanisa kwenzeka uma ubuhlobo ithemba obakheka phakathi kwakhe futhi isisulu. Ukuhlukunyezwa, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-ukukhwabanisa, umnikazi (umnikazi) komhiaba kuyadukisa. Ngenxa yalokho, lapho edlulisa Inani umhlaseli, zikwenze uzitshele ukuthi zikhona izizathu ezizwakalayo zokwesaba ukuthi ukwenza kanjalo. ukudluliselwa zokuzithandela impahla akusho ukudluliswa langempela izinto ezandleni ezingafanele, kodwa ukubanjwa olahlwe yicala amathuba athile ukulahla kubo noma ukuzisebenzisa.

Ukungaqiniseki umthetho

Art. 159 we Criminal Code e inguqulo entsha ichaza nobugebengu mbuzo ufana nsé imithetho sisebenza kuleli Ikhodi odlule. Ukulungiswa usebhekene kuphela kwencazelo "isabelo". Esikhathini art ekhona namuhla. 159 we Criminal Code esikhundleni igama elithi "ukweba". Nokho, amandla ekwakheni umkhuba zokwahlulela zamanje, ukubunjwa isenzo angabhekwa Cishe efanayo. Ngokwezazi ezithile jurists namakhasimende, nabashaya imithetho, mhlawumbe, ukuthi bekungaba ukwandisa isibalo dispositive ingxenye Art. 159 we Criminal Code. Kulokhu ayeseke kwehle ubugebengu. Nokho, sivumele isishaya-mthetho wakhetha ukuhlukanisa isenzo ku ngokwakhe ukukhwabanisa, owabangela umonakalo impahla, ukungathembeki, ukukopela (zimpawu ukweba), "lzhepredprinimatelstvo" ukugwema ezinonya yokukhokha yama-akhawunti ekhokhwa kanye neminye imisebenzi efanayo emthethweni. Mthetho, ngokusho kongoti, babengazi ukuthi ngoba kaningi fixed zobugebengu kwezomnotho ukuhlukahluka Ukwakheka eyodwa kuphela kufihlwe. Bamane imele ukukhwabanisa. Ezinye izazi zomthetho abakholelwa ukuthi ukuchotshozwa engenabulungisa, okukhwantabalisayo isicelo kwalo mthetho. Ezimweni zanamuhla, ngokombono wabo, kufanele enwetshiwe nawumsebenzi dispositive kwento. 159 we Criminal Code. Kufanele sifake izingoma enikeziwe futhi isihloko 165th kweKhodi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kumele ilungiswe futhi igama abajwayelekile, ebiza esithi "Ukubangela ukulimala kwempahla ngembazo ugaye ngokusebenzisa kabi i-trust noma ukuxhumana kolwazi olungelona iqiniso." a ekwakhiweni afana nalawa abengeke abe kakhulu ibonisa kahle okuqukethwe zomthetho sokukhwabanisa.

Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo ukwakheka Ukwakheka

isipiliyoni zomlando ka ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano umthetho lobugebengu ubonisa izinguquko ngokuphindaphindiwe of izethulo we umqondo wezomthetho obaluleke lokukhwabanisa. Ngenxa yalokho, eziningi zemiraro nesayensi-theory. Ukuvela izindlela ezintsha zokuthola izinsuku ukukhwabanisa nomthelela ukuvela eziningi nezindaba ezihlobene komthetho, kufaka phakathi inqubo ziqu ubugebengu kwi ingxenye ezikhethekile kwento. 159 we Criminal Code. Isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi sokuqanjwa lokungaziphathi kahle ngokucula yencazelo zezomthetho ubugebengu. Ekuthatheni umsebenzi kwakuwukubabulala ambiguity asungule amagama acacile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuba afake imihlahlandlela emaqinisweni zomthetho. Konke lokhu ukunivalela okuvela izinkinga nokuqinisekisa. Imithetho lobugebengu amanye amazwe kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene ukukhwabanisa, ukunikeza ezihlukahlukene labafanelekako zindlela. Ngokwezinga elithile ingase yalezi nezinye izakhi ezithathwe futhi imithetho yasekhaya komthetho.

izibalo

izenzo ekhubazekile, inhloso okuyinto uba impahla izakhamuzi ezigcina umthetho okhona njengamanje kubhekwe kakhulu kuzo zonke amacala obugebengu kubhaliswe ku Russian Federation. Ngo-2007, isibonelo, elahlwe yicala ngaphezulu kwengxenye yesigidi abantu (angu-60% inani eliphelele kushushiswe futhi eminyakeni engu-19% ngaphezulu kuka amahlanu ngaphambili) we Izihloko ekuvezwe esahlukweni 21. Kulesi isigaba omunye izenzo ezivamile zokukhwabanisa . Eminyakeni emihlanu (2002 kuya ku-2007) isibalo izinhlangano ehilelekile Umthwalo wemfanelo wale ubugebengu liye landa izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-3.6. Ngo-2007 inani labo lafinyelela abantu ayizinkulungwane 43. Futhi yanda, futhi isisindo ethize lokukhwabanisa uhlelo obugebengu aphambene impahla. Ngo-2002 kwaba 2.5% kwathi ngo-2007 - 7.8%.

isiphetho

ubugebengu Acquisitive, okungukuthi Lezi zihlanganisa ukukhwabanisa, eRussia futhi emhlabeni eqinisweni wezibalo evelele. Dynamics lezi zenzo ichaza Amathrendi main futhi inselelo yonke isimo lobugebengu bebonke. Lapho ukwenza ukukhwabanisa ukuhaha ukhonza njengelungu umgomo ayisisekelo. Uma esikhathini Soviet ukoniwa sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi ayeyivelakancane, manje, ne ushintsho waseRussia ukuba isimiso sezomnotho emakethe, it is asathuthuka uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela. ukuthuthukiswa Active ubuchwepheshe kunomthelela ukuvela kohlobo olusha ukukhwabanisa. namuhla akhona wezwe umbuso zomthetho kufanele kunikeze ukulawula baqaphe, ukudala ukuvikelwa ezidingekile izakhamuzi kanye nempahla yabo kusukela yokungena. It izuzwe lo mgomo ukwakha uhlaka lomthetho ezifanele, kokuqina izinhlawulo. Amathuba ibanjelwe nesibopho ngenxa yokwephula imithetho esungulwe kufanele abe umkhawulo ezinkulu, ukumisa izenzo lobugebengu nabaphangi.