Umkhonyovu: umlando ekudalweni nokuthuthukiswa. "AvtoVAZ"

IVolga Automobile Plant sidalwe ku 60s kwekhulu elidlule. Lokhu ukukhiqizwa ngaleso sikhathi kuyadingeka. Uhulumeni ekwakhiweni yayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo izakhamuzi zaseSoviet izimoto siqu. Vaz ekuqaleni kuhlelwe ukuba ukukhiqizwa kakhulu emikhulu umshini wokwakha umkhakha wase-USSR. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, inkampani edume wayazi ube nezikhathi ezinzima nezimnandi. umgibeli wakhe izimoto ingasatholakala sibaningi emigwaqweni ezweni lethu.

Godu bathuthukisa onobuhle entsha Vaz. Umlando giant auto engenakulibaleka futhi luthandeke zonke umshayeli. Phela, amandla lokhu ukukhiqizwa akalingani kulo lonke elaseSoviet Union.

ukudalwa ukukhiqizwa

Umlando automaker iqala maphakathi 60-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule. Ngo-1966, kwanqunywa ukuba kwakhiwe ukukhiqizwa imishini e Togliatti. "AvtoVAZ" yadalwa ngokushesha okukhulu.

Izinsiza kusebenza, iqhaza emsebenzini imijikelezo, ekhiqizwa ezimbonini nje kuphela eU.SSR amazwe nobungane, kodwa futhi izinkampani eYurophu nase-United States.

Ngo-August 1966, ubuholi wezwe uye isivumelwano ne Italian "Fiat". Leli qembu zasiza ekwakheni emzini Togliatti ukukhiqizwa edume. AmaNtaliyane hhayi kuphela wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo inqubo ukwakhiwa, kodvwa bafundzisa ngisho inqubo ukubulawa kwabo abasebenzi lomjikelezo zobuchwepheshe.

Kulesi sigaba, encane kazusnaya isimo aziwayo. Ngo-logo, zavezwa abaculi Soviet, kwakuyiphutha. Ukukhululwa amaNtaliyane yakhe "Tolyatti" izwi esikhundleni uhlamvu "Mina" waloba lencwadi «R». Umshado iqedwe ngokushesha.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Umlando umkhonyovu luyobe lungaphelele uma awuzange bacabanga ngezinto eziningi amaqiniso athakazelisayo. Ezingxoxweni ne abameleli Italian iCommunist Party of ubuholi aseSoviet, wazakhela uhlelo ukwakha omkhulu umshini wokwakha kwamabhizinisi e edolobheni laseStavropol. Ngo-1964 kwathiwa kabusha Togliatti.

Wenza leso sinqumo ngoba ngeke sithathwe kalula. Igama lomuzi lapho kwakhiwa ifektri, wanikezwa behlonipha uNobhala Jikelele we-iCommunist Party of Italy, Palmiro Togliatti. Wahlupheka ngokufa okuzumayo ngesikhathi ehambele nethimba lakhe "Artek" Young Pioneers Camp. Phakathi nale nkathi, ukuncipha nabaholi baseSoviet kukhulunywa ngalo nalabo abambisene nabo, imininingwane ubambisane.

Ukuze amaKristu adumise inkumbulo uNobhala Jikelele yokumbonga owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi idolobha lapho ifektri lokuqala "AvtoVAZ" Kwakhiwa.

Ukuqalisa

Kusukela ngo-1970, umsebenzi uqala Vaz abadumile. IVolga Automobile Plant Yakhiwa ijubane esasizosheshisa, ngakho batch lokuqala "amasenti" wazalelwa maduzane. Le modeli edume Vaz-2101. It senziwe inani 6 izicucu. Le moto waqanjwa "Lada". Phakathi nonyaka wokuqala inkampani yasungulwa ayizinkulungwane 100. Imishini ukuthi Kwasakazwa phakathi kwezisebenzi amabhizinisi Soviet njengoba umvuzo ngomsebenzi ukushaqeka.

Isidingo le "Zhiguli" lwalulinganiselwe kuphela ekukhiqizweni umthamo Vaz. Umlando usitshela ukuthuthukiswa yokuthengisa ukuthekelisa kwemikhiqizo ekufezeni giant auto. Kuphela ukudiliva phesheya wabiza "Zhiguli" lashintsha laba Lada. igama Pervoi French linjengezwi "idol lacey brown," okungukuthi indoda dancing imali.

Kutfutfukiswa onobuhle

Ngemva kokuqala zokukhiqiza e Togliatti "AvtoVAZ" onobuhle ezintsha. Emakethe izwe ifinyelele Vaz-2102 futhi Vaz-2103. Lokhu ukuguqulwa kwakuyinqubo okwase kuyiminyaka umbuso intandokazi yabo bonke "penny".

Kusukela 1966 kuya ku-1991, umthamo production ukuthi wagxila 5 izimboni main. UMqondisi Jikelele wokuqala "AvtoVAZ" Polyakov VN (nesithombe eziboniswe ngezansi) kanye nabo bonke abasebenzi zalesi sihlahla sebejwayele imodeli wokuqala imoto ngaphansi kwemigomo kwemigwaqo kazwelonke.

"Kopeika" sidalwe ngomhlaka- Sedan prototype Fiat 124. kuphela Abaklami wakhe baye banda 175 mm phansi imvume futhi wasisekela ukumiswa kanye amabhuleki. "Troika" sasibhekwa njengophawu lokuthi ngesikhathi esifanayo "okunethezeka" imodeli. It ihlukile "penny" design. "Three" bengenwa izibani 4, umbono ngcono kudeshibhodi, kanye izakhi-chrome.

I "classical" imodeli

Eminyakeni eyalandela yasungulwa a "zakudala 'Vaz onobuhle ambalwa. Umlando alungele okungcono ethengisa izimoto. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa Vaz-2104, 2105, 2106, 2107. Kodwa-ke ithandwa kakhulu kwaba "eziyisithupha". Abangaphezu kuka-30 eminyakeni ukukhiqizwa yayo serial (kusukela 1976) iye ithengiswe izimoto ezingaphezu kuka-4.3 million of lokhu brand.

I "quartet" futhi "Five" zaziwa ngokuthi imodeli ekilasini umnotho. "Eziyisikhombisa" kwaba inguqulo ethuthukisiwe ye Vaz-2105. Abaklami baye basungula imfashini ngesikhathi ukuma elingunxande of izibani. Salon ngamunye imodeli okwalandela lashintshwa futhi olwesimanje.

Ubungcono Kwakuseshwa endaweni yenjini. Zonke onobuhle "zakudala" ithengiswe kahle. Futhi manje ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana abameleli kulesi sizukulwane izimoto emigwaqeni yethu.

sesimanje okwalandela

Okwalandela "AvtoVAZ" onobuhle ezakhiwa kule 80s kwekhulu elidlule. Omele lokuqala kulesi sizukulwane izimoto kwaba "Sputnik". Ngo abantu, khona manjalo waziwa ngokuthi "eziyisishiyagalombili". Inkomba kulo mshini kwaba sibalo ezifanele. Vaz-2108 wanikwa inkululeko front end nhlonhlo emise. Ngenxa yalesi Naye elika "ishizolo".

Le modeli ine ukudluliswa okuthuthukisiwe injini ngcono. Zonke izingxenye sangaphakathi "eziyisishiyagalombili" inkampani idale kanye Porsche. Исаков В. И. поручил разработку дизайна отечественным художникам. UMphathi "AvtoVAZ" Isakov V I. ukuphathiswa ukuthuthukiswa umklamo abaculi bendawo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, emakethe weza ngendlu emihlanu "eziyisishiyagalombili" nge-sedan uhlobo umzimba futhi hatchback.

Ukuphela 80s imakwe isivuno njengoba subcompact ukukhanya enesihloko esithi "Iso". I sibonelo imoto kwaba Daihatsu Cuore.

Ukuwa eU.SSR

Inkinga oye wathinta cishe wonke amabhizinisi. Kwakungesona ngaphandle kanye umkhonyovu. Umlando waleli ibhizinisi wayazi crisis eside. Isizathu kwaba eningi izimbangela zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.

Endaweni yokuqala, "AvtoVAZ" ebhekene eside ezifana mncintiswano. Ngaleyo minyaka emakethe wawudla izindwali nge ukungeniswa izimoto ezisetshenziswa. Domestic izimoto ezithwala kungemuva kwabo akuvumelani ukuqukatha amanzi. Isidingo imikhiqizo yamabhizinisi kanye elichumayo sesinciphe kakhulu.

Eminyakeni 90 "AvtoVAZ" izimoto zavezwa amavolumu sincane kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukusikeka umsebenzi safinyelela 25%. Naphezu lukahulume- nokukhuphula nentela yokungenisa ku izimoto angaphandle, funa sancipha kakhulu.

Employment ngesikhathi esibucayi

"AvtoVAZ" lapho besekuhluphekeni ukudala onobuhle ezintsha. Esikhathini 90 zokuqala izwe eseliye labhekana nalo omunye onobuhle ambalwa nale nkathi, ukuncipha Vaz-2110. "Eziyishumi" yisihumusho ngcono we "Iqembu Eight". Le modeli sedan has kangcono elingaphakathi design kanye yasekuqaleni umzimba isitayela.

Eminyakeni eyishumi eyalandela, ukukhiqizwa ubengazi izinguquko eziphawulekayo. Kuphela 2003, wangena ekukhiqizeni uchungechunge Chevrolet Niva (Vaz-2121). Lona imodeli zasekhaya kuphela, okuyinto wadayiswa eJapane.

Kukhona isitatimende ezithakazelisayo umklami induna "Niva" Prusova PM ku bhunga isihloko zalolu hlobo locingo. Wathi ukuthi emelela izinhlamvu zokuqala zegama ngendodakazi yakhe (Nina futhi Irina) futhi amadodana ka induna umklami «GM-AvtoVAZ" (Vadim, Andrew).

Ukutshalwa kwezimali zokukhiqiza

"AvtoVAZ" babejabulela ukusekela isabelomali isimo, kodwa kwakunganele ukuvusa ibhizinisi ovela crisis eside. Isimo kwabhebhethekiswa yemibango yangaphakathi phezu ubunikazi inkampani. amacala okweba impahla ezibikiwe e ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu. Lezi zimali elilingana imali yonyaka kusukela ukudayiswa inkampani. Ngakho-ke, zonke lezi zenzakalo azizona kunikela ophumayo esimweni ezingenanzuzo.

Ngo-2009, ukwehla izimali yokuthengisa kwafinyelela izinga irekhodi 39%, uma kuqhathaniswa nenani lesikhathi esedlule. ukuwohloka okunjalo lenkampani akazi nomlando wayo. , Izinyathelo ezinkulu eyayidingeka ukuze inkampani abayekanga umsebenzi walo. Ngokuba lokho sikusho wathela Yimali enkulu ku amafa.

Ngo-July 2009, inhloko-dolobha ogunyaziwe inkampani kunyuke ngo-240 mln. Euro. Kulokhu, Renault-Nissan, inkampani ephethwe 25% wamasheya, futhi "Technologies Russian" - 44%. On isikhundla umklami abakhulu Steve Mattin useqokwe. Azibambile esifanayo ukukhathazeka Mercedes, Volvo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi yaqala ukubuyisela ukukhulekela uvuke futhi.

"AvtoVAZ" Museum

Ngokungangabazeki, indaba "AvtoVAZ" engenakulibaleka. imikhiqizo zakhona ziye zaba uphawu yangempela wangaleyo nkathi. Akumangalisi ukuthi kukhona Museum of "AvtoVAZ". Itholakala emzini Togliatti. Kuyinto isikhungo elalinikezelwe owaziwa hhayi kuphela ezweni lethu kodwa futhi phesheya brand "Lada". Phela, wayehawukela waziwa emhlabeni wonke njengoba umshini, wenza njalo ezweni lakithi.

Kunezindlela eziningi izinto ezibalulekile giant auto. Lapha ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana kanye onobuhle engeyokuqala eyakhishwa ngemva kokuwa zase-USSR, futhi zezinhlobo eminingi yasendulo. Ezinye izimoto obala manje ayisabhekwa emigwaqweni. Abenzi kuphela akhiqiza kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, kodwa ahoxiswa ngokuphelele inkonzo.

"AvtoVAZ" Museum ilungele ukubonisa izivakashi zalo zokuqala "penny" umbala cherry, okuyinto wadayiswa emva ukuqaliswa inethiwekhi. umnikazi wayo bexhashazwa izimoto zabo iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-19. Ngo-2000, walinika Museum. Ngenxa yalesi "AvtoVAZ" ethulwa ube ngumsizi wabaningi, imoto entsha, ivele nje kusukela embonini elihambayo. Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke umgibeli ukukhiqizwa imoto ofanelwe udumo ukuqashelwa.

Inkampani namuhla

Ngemva ezaziphuma isikhathi eside, inhlekelele enkulu Vaz, omlando wakhe ligcwele ezihlukahlukene izenzakalo, futhi okwandisa ukukhiqizwa. Emuva ngo-2004, sabona ukukhanya hatchbacks jikelele kanye sedans "Kalina". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi olwenziwa ukuthuthukiswa wenkuthalo of isakhiwo esisha futhi izingxenye "Lada".

model entsha ebizwa ngokuthi "Priora" yakhululwa ngo-2007. Isidingo ngaleso sikhathi namanje falling. Ukuze alikhuthaze, inguqulo eshibhile ka "Kalina" lakhiwe. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Grant." Lesi sikhathi ephawulwe ngoba "AvtoVAZ" indlela yokuphuma nobukhulu bale nkinga. Khulisa amakhono.

Ngo-2012, "Lada", "Largus" imodeli lakhiwe ngesisekelo Renault Logan imoto. Ukuze ukuchuma ibhizinisi edume kudinga indlela umsindo futhi, imibono emisha ababezibheka kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ezanele. Nge efanele, inkampani futhi bakwazi ukuletha inzuzo enkulu esimweni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lo wanamuhla "AvtoVAZ" kukhona wonke amathuba. Lokhu ukukhiqizwa kungaba hhayi kuphela inzuzo, kodwa futhi ukuze uthole kabusha isihloko yayo ibhizinisi edume engineering ezifuywayo international.