Ubani wathola lo mkhuba yokwenza injoloba iqine, futhi kuyini?

Ubani wathola lo mkhuba yokwenza injoloba iqine, akubona bonke uyazi. Nakuba igama lo muntu okukhulunywa ngazo izikhangiso. Igama lakhe kwakungu-Charles Nelson Goodyear, futhi namuhla igama lakhe, "kukhona" adumile brand amathayi. Ngaphandle acwaninge, "iraba Indian" (iraba) Kungenzeka ukuthi awukaze yazuza ukusetshenziswa kabanzi, t. Ukuze. Kwakuyingozi nje gimmick, kanye nayo esuka Melika. Iminyaka eminingi, uCharles olwenziwa ucwaningo eziningi izakhi kuhlangana iraba ezahlukene (kusuka turpentine ukuba anobuthi zinc oxide), ngesikhathi 1839 ngonyaka ayivulwanga ukubunjwa ketshezi isibabule.

Uyini injoloba iqine inqubo? Kusukela umbono wesayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali - a nezimo iraba kwakwakhe molecule e ngakuthathu ngekwendzawo igridi uhlobo, nge transverse chemical izibopho kukhona sasivumela ezingavamile. Impahla yokugcina ivumela amathayi akukashintshi nezimo kakhulu, indlela kukhona iraba zemvelo, kusuka kulo yakhiwa.

Ngo injoloba iqine kugridi ingatholakala ngaphansi lokushisa eliphezulu noma ngemisebe, futhi uma kusetshenziswa ekhethekile amakhemikhali ejenti. Njengomthetho, ukuhlinzwa usebenzisa amayunithi ekhethekile like boilers, imishini umjovo udini, ukucindezela, autoclaves, shaper-vulcanizers futhi coolants (kusuka umusi ashisayo Ukushisa kagesi).

Amazinga sokwelapha injoloba eluhlaza kungaba ahlukahlukene ngempela kuncike ukusetshenziswa umkhiqizo wokugcina. Ububanzi yakudala kusukela degrees 130 kuya 200 Celsius, nakuba ezinengilazi iraba kanye anamathelayo ngezinye izikhathi belashwa ekamelweni lokushisa (at degrees 20, "iqine abandayo"). Izinto ejenti abasakwazi angefani inqubo inikezwe. Ngokuvamile eyenziwa iqine sulfuric, okuvumela ukuthola rubbers diene elisetshenziswa isondo yokukhiqiza kanye izicathulo zenjoloba ezinkulu kunami. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indima ebalulekile udlalwa yi-okuthiwa "booster" (uhlobo yokugcina inqubo), kuba ikakhulukazi sulfonamides futhi afaka elithi TIZOL.

iqine Zezıhlabane injoloba kungase kwenziwe ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu uma kuhileleke booster ngendlela inqubo yamakhemikhali: dithiocarbamates, noma xanthates. Kulokhu ukusebenza senzeka ngokushesha ngesikhathi lokushisa mayelana 110-125. Ukuze elapha anamathelayo kanye latex ezithile ihlangana okushisa aphansi (degrees 20 kuya ku-100) ingasetshenziswa uma usebenzisa i-sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate.

Asetshenziswe iqine injoloba izinto asizayo (oligoester acrylates, peroxides, phenol resin, njll) Vumela ukuthola imikhiqizo ukushisa eliphezulu ukumelana, Monolithic, ngcono izakhiwo Kwe-dielectric Heating. Kuyinto futhi indima wokugcina kumiswa umkhiqizo (kusukela ematheni amabhuzu ubucwebe), Antioxidants (play alula ukuphila iraba) kanye plasticizers, okuvumela ukunciphisa viscosity ketshezi ekwelapheni kanye izinga "lokusula".