Ukudweba i-Bosch "I-Garden of Distances", umlando wobuciko obuhle

I-Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516) ingacatshangwa ukuthi iyisandulela sokuzithoba, izidalwa eziyinqaba zazalwa engqondweni yakhe. Umdwebo wakhe - ukubonakaliswa kwezimfundiso zasendulo eziyimfihlo zesonto: i-alchemy, ukubhula ngezinkanyezi, umlingo omnyama. Wayengayitholi kanjani emlilweni we-Inquisition, okwathi ngesikhathi sakhe yazuza ngamandla, ikakhulukazi eSpain? Abantu belizwe babenomthelela omkhulu wokwenkolo ongokwenkolo. Noma kunjalo umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu useSpain. Izinsuku eziningi zemisebenzi azisho, futhi umculi ngokwakhe akazange abanike amagama kubo. Akekho owazi ukuthi ukudweba kukaBoch "IJardin of Delightly Earth" kubhalwe kanjani, isithombe Okumelwe lapha, ngumculi uqobo.

Amakhasimende

Ngaphandle kwamakhasimende ekhaya, umculi othanda kakhulu obenokholo wayephethe abalandeli abaphezulu bemisebenzi yakhe. Kwamanye amazwe, okungenani imidwebo emithathu yayikuqoqweni kweCentinal Cardinal Domenico Grimani. Ngo-1504, iNkosi yaseCastile, uFilip the Beautiful, yamthuma umsebenzi "Inkantolo KaNkulunkulu Ehlezi ePharadesi, naseHayeni". Ngo-1516 udadewabo uMargarita wase-Austria - "Isivivinyo sikaSt. Antonia ". Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi umdwebi wanikeza incazelo eqondakalayo yeGehena noma ukuxolisa kubo bonke aboni. Lezi zinhlamvu eziyisikhombisa eziyinhloko, ngenxa yokuthi wathola udumo oluthunyelwe, zilondolozwe kumamyuziyamu amaningi emhlabeni wonke. In Prado igcinwa isithombe Bosch "Garden of izinjabulo zasemhlabeni". Lo msebenzi unenombolo engavamile yokuhumusha ngabagxeki bezobuciko. Bangaki abantu - imibono eminingi kangaka.

Umlando

Omunye ukholelwa ukuthi isithombe sikaBossch "IJardin of Distances of Distress Earth" - sebenzisa ekuqaleni, othile - ekupheleni kwesikhathi. Lapho ufunda amaphakheji e-oak okulotshwe kuwo, kungenziwa cishe cishe iminyaka engu-1480-1490. E-Prado, usuku luyi-1500-1505 ngaphansi kwe-triptych.

Abanikazi bokuqala bomsebenzi babengamalungu endlu yaseNassau (eJalimane). Ngo- Wilhelm I ubuyele eNetherlands. Esigodlweni sabo eBrussels uvakashelwe ngumlobi wokuqala weBosch, owahamba waya eKardinal Luis Aragon ngo-1517. Washiya incazelo eningiliziwe ye-triptych, engavumeli ukungabaza ukuthi ngaphambi kwakhe kwakungokoqobo isithombe sikaBoss "IJardin of Distances".

Ifa lakwa-Wilhelm Rene de Chalon lazuza njengefa, bese lidluliselwa ezandleni zikaDuke wase-Alba phakathi nempi eFlanders. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbusi wamshiya indodana yakhe engekho emthethweni uDon Fernando, umphathi we-Order of St. John. INkosi yaseSpain uPhilip II, ebizwa ngegama elicatshangelwayo, yazuza futhi yayithumela e-Escorial monastery ngoJulayi 8, 1593. Lokho cishe esendlini yobukhosi.

Umsebenzi uchazwa njengomdwebo esihlahleni esinamaqabunga amabili. Isithombe esihle sabhalwa ngu Bosch - "Garden of pleasures". Ubukhulu besithombe: iphaneli eliphakathi - 220 x 194 cm, amapaneli ohlangothini - 220 x 97.5 cm. Isazi semfundiso yenkolo yaseSpain uJose de Siguenza samnika incazelo eningiliziwe nencazelo. Ngisho nalapho, kwaziswa njengomsebenzi onamandla kakhulu futhi onengqondo ongacabanga. Esikhathini sokuqoqwa kwe-1700, ibizwa ngokuthi "Ukudala Kwezwe." Ngo-1857 igama lakhe lamanje livela - "IJardin of Distances". Ngo-1939, ukubuyiselwa kwendwangu kwakudluliselwa ePrado. Kulapho isithombe sikhona kuze kube namuhla.

I-triptych evaliwe

Iminyango evaliwe ibonisa i-globe endaweni evulekile, efanekisela ubude bendawo yonke. Abekho abantu noma izilwane kuso. Ipeyinti emhlophe, imibala emhlophe neyomnyama, kusho ukuthi kusasekho ilanga noma inyanga, futhi kudala umehluko ocacile nezwe elikhanyayo lapho i-triptych ivuliwe. Lona usuku lwesithathu lokudalwa. Inombolo 3 ibhekwa njengophelele futhi ephelele, ngoba iqukethe kokubili ukuqala nokuphela. Lapho ama-shutter ivaliwe, lena yiyunithi, okungukuthi, ukuphelela ngokuphelele. Ekhoneni elingenhla elingakwesokunxele kukhona isithombe sikaNkulunkulu esinama-tiara neBhayibheli emadolweni akhe. Phezulu ungafunda inkulumo yesiLatini evela kumaHubo 33, okuhunyushwa ngokuthi: "Uthe, futhi sekwenzekile. Walaya, futhi konke kwadalwa. " Ezinye izihumusho zimelela uMhlaba ngemva kokukhukhula.

Vula i-triptych

Umdwebi usinika izipho ezintathu. Iphaneli lesokunxele liyisithombe se-Edene ngosuku lokugcina lokudalwa no-Adamu no-Eva. Ingxenye eyinhloko iyinhlanhla yazo zonke izinjabulo zenhliziyo ezifakazela ukuthi umuntu ulahlekelwe umusa. Ngakwesokudla, umbukeli ubona iHayne, i-apocalyptic neyesihluku, lapho umuntu eyobhujiswa khona phakade ukuze ahlale ezonweni.

Iphaneli langakwesobunxele: Insimu yase-Edeni

Phambi kwethu iPharadesi lasemhlabeni. Kodwa akuyona into ejwayelekile futhi ayiyona eyingqayizivele. Phakathi nendawo uNkulunkulu wembula ngesizathu esithile ngesimo sikaJesu Kristu. Uphethe u-Eva ngesandla, eguqa phambi kuka-Adamu amanga.

Izazi zemfundiso yenkolo ngaleso sikhathi zaziphikisana ngokukhululekile ukuthi ngabe lona wesifazane wayenomphefumulo. Lapho umuntu edalwa, uNkulunkulu waphefumulela umphefumulo ku-Adamu, kodwa emva kokudalwa kuka-Eva lokhu kwakungashiwo. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuthula kwavumela abaningi ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi owesifazane akanakho umphefumulo nhlobo. Uma umuntu engakwazi ukumelana nesono esigcwalisa ingxenye ephakathi, owesifazane akazivimbeli esonweni: akanalo umphefumulo, futhi ugcwele isilingo sathane. Lokhu kuzoba ngenye yezinguquko kusukela ePharadesi kuya esonweni. Izono zesifazane: izinambuzane nezinambuzane ezihamba emhlabathini, kanye nama-amphibians nezinhlanzi ezigeleza emanzini. Indoda futhi ayinasono - imicabango yakhe yesono ihamba ngezinyoni ezimnyama, izinambuzane namabhantshi.

IPharadesi nokufa

Phakathi nendawo kukhona umthombo ofana ne-pink phallus, futhi kukhona isikhomba kuso esikhonza okubi futhi singabonakali lapha ukuhlakanipha kodwa ubuwula nokuphuphuthekisa okungokomoya nokuhlukumezeka kwakho konke okusemhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iBostiary Bosch igcwele izilwane ezidla inyama, idla izisulu zazo. Kodwa kungenzeka yini into enjalo ePharadesi, lapho bonke behlala ngokuthula futhi abazi ukufa?

Izihlahla ePharadesi

Umuthi omuhle, oseduze no-Adamu, uhlanganiswe namagilebhisi, okufanekisa izinjabulo zenyama. Umuthi wesithelo esenqatshelwe wawuzungezwe izinyoka. I-Edene inezinto zonke eziya ekuphileni okuyisono eMhlabeni.

Isango eliphakathi

Lapha isintu, sithonywe ukukhanuka, siya ngqo ekubhujisweni. Isikhala sigcwele ukungcola, okwasusa umhlaba wonke. Lokhu kungumthetho wamaqaba. Kunombukiso wobulili kuzo zonke izinhlobo. Izigcawu ezenzakalelayo zihlangana nezigcawu zobungqingili kanye nobungqingili. Kukhona futhi ama-onanist. Ukuxhumana ngokobulili phakathi kwabantu, izilwane nezitshalo.

Izithelo namajikijolo

Zonke amajikijolo nezithelo (cherry, raspberries, amagilebhisi kanye "nesitshalobhisi" - incazelo ecacile yesimanje), ezwakalayo kumuntu ophakathi, izibonakaliso zokuzijabulisa ngokobulili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezi zithelo zifanekisela i-transience, ngoba ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zibola. Ngisho nenyoni ngakwesobunxele ibonisa ukuziphatha okubi nokungcola.

Izitsha ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo

Kusobala ukuthi zithathwe ku-alchemy futhi zifana nezibungu, kanye ne-hemispheres. Lezi yizicupho zomuntu, okungeke aphume kuso.

Amanzi kanye nemifula

Ibhuloho elizungezile phakathi nendawo ligcwele ikakhulukazi ngamanani wesifazane. I-horse horse yama-riders besilisa ezilwaneni ezithathwe esibhedlela (izingwe, ama-panther, amabhubesi, amabhere, ama-unicorns, izinyamazane, izimbongolo, ama-griffins), ezihunyushwa njengezimpawu zokufisa, zidlulela nxazonke emjikelezweni wezinkanuko. Okulandelayo yi-echibini ngebhola elihlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lapho kunendawo yokuziphatha okungcolile yabalingiswa abanobuciko.

Futhi akukhona konke okuboniswa ku-Hieronymus Bosch. "Idimu lezinjabulo zasemhlabeni" - isithombe esingabonisi izitho zobulili ezithuthukile zamadoda nabesifazane. Mhlawumbe lo mdwebi uzama ukugcizelela ukuthi bonke abantu bodwa futhi bahileleke esonweni.

Lena akuyona incazelo ephelele yephaneli eliphakathi. Ngoba ungachaza imifula emine yePharadesi ne-2 iMesopotamiya, nokungabikho kwezifo, ukufa, asebekhulile, abantwana kanye no-Eva ekhoneni eliphansi elingakwesokunxele, eliye lawela esilingweni, futhi manje abantu bahamba behamba futhi bengenamahloni.

Umbala

Umbala obomvu uqobo. Waba uphawu lomusa, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka limelela umhlaba nezinjabulo zawo (ukudla amajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezithelo, ukudlala ngamanzi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka). Olubomvu, njalonjalo, uyisifiso. I-pink pink iba umthombo wokuphila.

Iphiko lokunene: iHolomu lomculo

Ingxenye engenhla ye-triptych elungile yenziwe ngamathoni amnyama, ahluke ngamahlamvu amabili angaphambilini. Okuphezulu kuthukuthele, kuyakhathazeka. Ubumnyama obubusuku buhlatshwa ukukhanya kokukhanya okuvela emlilweni. Kusukela ezindlini ezivuthayo kuphuma imifudlana yomlilo. Kusukela ekubukisweni kwayo, amanzi abe mbala, njengegazi. Umlilo usuzobhubhisa konke. Kuzo zonke izixuku nokudideka.

Ingxenye eyinhloko igobolondo levulekile elivulekile elinenhloko yomuntu. Ubheka ngqo kumbukeli. Ekhanda kuyidiski ngokudansa imiphefumulo yesono ngaphansi kwamagpipes. Ngaphakathi komuthi wesintu ngumphefumulo emphakathini wabathakathi namademoni. Ngaphambi kwakho - ingxenyana yesithombe sikaBoss "IJardin of Distances". Izizathu zokuthi kungani kunezinsimbi eziningi zomculo esihogweni zicacile. Umculo uwukuzijabulisa okuyisono okungenangqondo okuphoqa abantu ukuba ajabule ngokwenyama. Ngakho-ke, izinsimbi zomculo zaba izingcingo zokuhlukunyezwa: isoni esisodwa esiphambanweni ngehabhu, emagumbini omunye ngamanothi abomvu ashisayo, inxenye yesithathu iboshelwe ku-lute.

Akunakiwe ngamagundane. I-monster enenhloko yenyoni idla ama-gluttons.

Ingulube ezembatho zika-nun ingashiyi indoda yayo engenakuzisiza.

Inkolelo engapheliyo ka I. Bosch inikeza izijeziso eziningi zezono zasemhlabeni. Akuyona ingozi ukuthi u-Adu ubambe iqhaza elikhulu ku-Bosch. Ezikhathini Ephakathi, ukulawula umhlambi, kwaqiniswa, noma kunalokho kwakhula kube ngosayizi obala, isibalo sikaDeveli. Isihogo nesathane babusa kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi kuphela ukucela izinceku zesonto, yebo, ngemali, kungabalondoloza kuzo. Uma esonayo kakhulu izono zifanekiselwa, imali esontweni izothola ngaphezulu.

UJesu ngokwakhe wayengeke acabange ukuthi ingelosi yayizophenduka i-monster, futhi esikhundleni sokukhala ngomusa nomusa kumakhelwane wakhe, isonto lizokhuluma ngokucacile ngezono kuphela. Futhi kangcono umshumayeli, ikakhulukazi entshumayelweni yakhe yikhulumi mayelana nokulindela isoni sezijeziso ezingenakugwemeka.

Ngesiphambeko esikhulu esonweni, uJerome Bosch wabhala, "IJardin of Delightly Earthlights." Incazelo yesithombe inikezwe ngenhla. Kuyinto enesizotha kakhulu, ngoba akekho ozokwazi ukudalula ngokugcwele zonke izithombe. Lo msebenzi ucela ukucabangisisa ngakho. "I-Garden of Distances" ebomvu kuphela yakwaBossch kuphela ezovumela ukucabangela yonke imininingwane. UHeronymus Bosch wasishiya imisebenzi yakhe eminingi kakhulu. Lokhu kungu-25 kuphela izithombe zokudweba kanye nemidwebo engu-8. Ngokungangabazeki, imisebenzi enkulu kunazo zonke uBoch abhale, ubuciko be:

• "Voz sena", Madrid, i-Escorial.
• "Wabethelwe umfel 'ukholo, iNdlukazi yezinja, iVenice.
• "Idimu lezinjabulo zasemhlabeni", Madrid, Prado.
• "IsiGwebo sokugcina", i-Vienna.
• "Izitshalo ezingcwele", i-Palace Doges, iVenice.
• "Isivivinyo sikaSanta Anthony", eLisbon.
• "Ukudumisa amaMagi", Madrid, Prado.

Lawa onke ama-triptych amahle kakhulu. Ukufanekisa kwabo akusiqondakali ngaso sonke isikhathi esikhathini sethu, kodwa abahlala ngesikhathi sikaBoss babafunde njengencwadi evulekile.