Liyincwadi Yokuhlakanipha: ngubani umlobi yangempela

"Ukuhlakanipha" e eBhayibheli lesiGreki - incwadi, okuqukethwe oyinhloko okuyinto isifundiso ekuqaleni, izakhiwo nezenzo Ukuhlakanipha kukaNkulunkulu nokuhlakanipha kwezwe emhlabeni. Igama INkosi uSolomoni kuwo ubonisa ukuthi umbhali ekulandiseni kwakhe ngezinye izikhathi egameni umbusi lasendulo. Phela, wayehawukela waba nguthisha wokuqala yokuhlakanipha waseBhayibhelini kanye nommeleli wayo oyinhloko. "I Liyincwadi Yokuhlakanipha" ngale ndaba yakhe efana "Nazi izaga zikaSolomoni." Kodwa ngeke sizama ukubhekana nalabo nazo umlobi wayo oyinhloko.

"Ukuhlakanipha KukaSolomoni" - incwadi kanye nokuthola ukudla kwengqondo

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo impela, kwakunenkolelo yokuthi lo msebenzi abhalwa iNkosi uSolomoni. Lo mbono, ikakhulukazi, baye bazwakalisa obaba ezifana nothisha of the Church, njengoba Kliment Aleksandriysky, uTertullian, St Cyprian, futhi ngokuyisisekelo babusekelwe yokuthi igama lakhe uvele kulo mbhalo. Ngemva kwalokho, le nkulumo sigcizelelwa bavikela iSonto LamaKatolika, ngokusho izitatimende yakhe, incwadi kwakuhambelana nokuka canons isonto.

Iphutha lokwahlulela liqukethe yokuthi, okokuqala, "Liyincwadi Yokuhlakanipha" in the zokuqala yalotshwa ngesiGreki hhayi ngesiHebheru; okwesibili, umlobi ujwayelene ifilosofi yamaGreki - Plato kumaStoyiku Epikhuru; Okwesithathu, umlobi akuyona umhlali Palestine, futhi libhekisela amasiko amaGreki ukuziphatha; futhi, Okwesine, incwadi ubhekwa yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli futhi ayikwazi ayibhalwanga uSolomoni, uma uqala kusukela Imithetho zabaPhostoli oNgcwele nezincwadi zemiBhalo YesiGreki ye Afanasiya Velikogo.

Imibono mayelana nombhali

Ezinsukwini uJerome kwadingeka komunye umbono: ukuthi "Liyincwadi Yokuhlakanipha" eyabhalwa Filon Aleksandriysky - omele Jewish yamaGreki umbhedesho esibophezelayo wenkolo wamaJuda nefilosofi yamaGreki. Lo mbono wawusekelwe lokuthi umkhiqizo sifana kakhulu isifundiso Izimpawu kaPhilo. Kodwa ngalokhu kufana babe yangaphandle kuphela. It is hhayi wacabanga ukuthi umbhali 'Yokuhlakanipha ", okwakusho ngaphansi uPhilo uLogos. Futhi phakathi kwabo kukhona Ngokuphambene ukubukwa esicacile. Esikhathini Liyincwadi Yokuhlakanipha imvelaphi yesono nokufa kuchazwe ngokuthi "umona kaDeveli", kodwa UPhilo waveza ukuthi yayingakwazi, ngoba kabakholwa ebukhoneni okubi kwasekuqaleni kwezwe, njengoba ekwindla ka okhokho baso zeBhayibheli, wayazi luyingxenye ziyimifanekiso. Futhi imfundiso yokuziphendukela zangaphambi khona ziqondakala ehlukile - umbhali wencwadi ethi noPhilo. Ngokusho ezimfundisweni ncwadi imiphefumulo emihle ukuhlanza umzimba, ngokuvumelana uPhilo - kunalokho, imiphefumulo bawa futhi sinesono ethunyelwe emhlabeni emzimbeni. Imibono yabo futhi zehluke ukubukwa ngomsuka ukukhonza izithombe. Ngakho-ke, uPhilo ayikwazanga Ubhale le ncwadi.

Imizamo yokuthola umbhali kuhlulekile, ngakho ungacacisa kuphela yokuthi umbhali wayengumJuda, omunye yamaGreki, Aleksandriya ngokwanele bafundile, kahle ababeyizazi ifilosofi yamaGreki.

Isikhathi, indawo kanye nenhloso yekubhala

Ngemva ngo-ejulile analysis kungenziwa wagomela ukuthi le ncwadi yabhalwa ekupheleni wokubusa uPtolemy IV inkosi (GG ok.221-217. BC) futhi cishe eziningi-Aleksandriya, eGibithe. It kungabonakala kusukela umbhalo, nombhali kahle ababeyizazi Philosophy yamaJuda-Aleksandriya futhi kwenza kungabhekisela enkolweni yaseGibhithe.

Injongo ubhala indatshana, kukholakala ukuthi kwaba ukuthi "Liyincwadi Yokuhlakanipha" ekuqaleni senzelwe amakhosi yaseSiriya nabaseGibithe ukuze uthumele kubo ezinye izimfundiso zaphezulu lifihlakele nemilayezo.

okuqukethwe

Isihloko oyinhloko okuqukethwe le ncwadi ekufundiseni Ukuhlakanipha izinhlangothi ezimbili ngesisekelo ngamafilosofi kunazo owaziwa. Eyokuqala - iqiniso umgomo alinikwa nathi isasasa. Esesibili - eyenzekayo subjective, ziqondakala umqondo kusukela umbono we umgomo.

Kulokhu, kukhona isibonelo silula: emhlabeni nguNkulunkulu. Lona iqiniso Injongo (kunjengokungathi i Axiom kusukela iphuzu nezibalo buka, ezidinga kungekho ubufakazi) ukuthi awukwazi ukuyithinta noma uzizwe kuzinga ngokomzimba. Ukuhlakanipha kwakhe uboniswa ngqo umphefumulo wethu. Ngokuqondene subjective, kuba ubuhlobo bomuntu siqu lomuntu ngamunye kuNkulunkulu futhi ukuqonda ukuthi inikeza wonke umuntu okholwa yiyo kuzinga ezingokomoya.

izingxenye ezintathu

Le ncwadi ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko: owokuqala (. IV Sec) lithi ukuhlakanipha kuphela bangaba uSihlalo we ukufeza ukungafi kweqiniso ebusisekile, naphezu izimfundiso zamanga abaJuda waphika.

Eyesibili (VI-IX Ch.) INgxenye kakhulu anikezelwe izimfundiso ivelaphi, kanye nenani eliphakeme onolwazi okunjalo futhi izici eziyinhloko ngokuya kuphumelela kwabo.

Ingxenye yesithathu (X-XIX Sec.) Ingabe isibonelo somuntu mlando ka yini bajabule kuphela abantu possesses lokhu kuhlakanipha. Njengobe abengakwati konkhe loko-ke, ukulahlekelwa noma iyiphi kwenqatshwa isizwe kuholela lingcole nokubhujiswa (ngokuthi amaGibhithe nakwaKhanani).

isiphetho

Incwadi ethi "Ukuhlakanipha KukaSolomoni" (ukubuyekezwa ngakho kukhona ubufakazi ngqo) ingenye imibhalo velikopochitaemyh waso sonke isikhathi, elibonisa ubunye nolungenakunyakaziswa kukaNkulunkulu nabantu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ivelaphi ezingekho ohlwini lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli ezikhathini zasendulo kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso ngokujulile ezifundisayo labo abafuna izifundo ehlonipha nokuhlakanipha.