Uhlu lwezithelo. Izithelo ezinhle. Izithelo zaseRussia

Igama elithi "izithelo" akulona igama le-botanical. Abantu abangaphansi kwalo ngokuvamile badla izithelo ezidliwayo ezidliwayo kanye nezinye izihlahla.

Kuyini isithelo?

NgeLatin, isithelo sisho okufana nesithelo. Futhi ngaphansi kwalesi sigaba kufanelekile futhi amajikijolo, nemifino, namantongomane, kanye nosawoti. Muva nje, amajikijolo abhekwa njengento yokutholakala komndeni wesithelo, njengoba kokubili kungadliwa okuluhlaza, futhi imifino ngokuvamile idinga ukwelashwa okushisa. Kunesinye isigaba, lapho isithelo seza ithanga, i-ananas, i-ginger, njll. Lezi yizithelo ongakulungiselela ngazo amabhandeti amnandi, agcinwe isikhathi eside. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kuvamile eYurophu. Futhi ingabe kungenzeka ukuthi kubangelwa izithelo, isibonelo, utamatisi, ngoba kusuka utamatisi oluhlaza kuphekwe ujamu oluhlwabusayo kakhulu? Kwezinye izimo, izithelo zalesi sitshalo zihlukaniswe ngezithelo ezimnandi futhi ezimuncu noma ezidliwayo nezingenakulungiswa. Ngakho, ukuhlukaniswa kwemifino, izithelo namajikijolo kunemibandela. Kunezinye ezinye izigaba ezamukelekayo emagatsheni ahlukahlukene wesayensi, imboni kanye nezinye izidingo. Isibonelo, ngokusho kwesakhiwo se-fetus, zihlukaniswe zibe izithelo zamatshe ne-pome, ngokusuka - ezihlathini nokutshalwa noma ukukhethwa, izinhlamvu. Ngisho kukhona izithelo ezibomvu ezinjalo nokuluhlaza. Ukuthi i-pigment ebomvu ngezinye izikhathi ine-reactionergic reaction. Lokhu kusebenza kuma-strawberries, ama-oranges, njll, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuthi badle ngezinombolo eziningi zabesifazane abakhulelwe nabantwana abancane. Ukungabi ne-potassium ne-carotene, lezi zigaba zingagcwalisa, isibonelo, ngezindleko zama-apricot.

I-apricot

I-apricot nezinhlobo zayo zasendle, i-zherdel, zikhula eningizimu yeRussia. Njengezithelo eziningi ezithandekayo, ama-apricot afaneleka ujamu, kodwa ngenxa yemali enkulu ye-pectin bayashesha ngokushesha, ngakho-ke bavame ukuhamba nge-marmalade, pastille, jam, ijusi. Izithelo ezomile ezinezintambo (ama-apricot) kanye nama-apricots omisiwe) agcwele amanzi abilayo futhi asetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa ama-pie, nomhlabathi owomile ube ufulawa futhi wenezela inhlama. Ijubane le-apricot, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-calcium nensimbi, kufakwe ohlwini lwezithelo eziboniswa ukunikeza abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nokudla okuhambisanayo ezinganeni. Inani elikhulu le-phosphorus ne-magnesium lenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza okuvamile kobuchopho. I-Potassium, equkethe amapulangwe ama-apricot, isebenza ngokuphelele ohlelweni lwe-cardiovascular, iqinisa i-myocardium.

Banana

I-apricot entsha - isivakashi esingajwayelekile esitolo samashalofu esitolo, kodwa unezinye izinto ezinhle - ibhanana, isithelo esithengiswa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngazo zonke izici lokhu kubhekwa kwangempela. Kwezinye izimo, amabhanana angaphandle kwezwe kubathengi afinyeleleke kakhulu kunezifuywayo.

Isici esithakazelisayo salesi sitshalo senza ukuba sisakaze ezindaweni eziqoshiwe zomhlaba. Iqiniso liwukuthi amabhanana adinga ukuvunwa aze avuthiwe, okungukuthi, aluhlaza futhi kunzima. Uma ubashiya esitshalweni, bazolahlekelwa izakhiwo eziwusizo nokunambitha. Izithelo ezivuthiwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zilala phansi, zibe mnandi futhi zigcwele ngokubunjwa kwamakhamronutrients asebenzayo, futhi isitashi esisha sezithelo ezingavuthiwe sishintshwa zibe ushukela kalula wezithelo. Inani elikhulu le-potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-sodium ne-phosphorus yenza ubhanana bungabonakali ngokudla kwezingane. Lesi sithelo sizosiza futhi lapho kwenzeka ukuthi ingane ibe ne-allergy gluten, equkethe okusanhlamvu. Emgqeni webhanana, kune-ephedrine, eyanciphisa kancane ukucindezelwa kwegazi, ngakho kuboniswa iziguli ze-hypotonic.

Izithelo zomhlaba waseRussia

I-Russia icebile ezindaweni zokutshala izithelo zasendle nezitshalo. E-Far East, i-honeysuckle ikhula kule fomu, esifundeni saseKaliningrad - i-sea-buckthorn, ama-raspberries, ama-blackberries nezinja-rose, eBashkiria nase-Urals - apula, i-cherry, eSiberia - ama-raspberries, ama-currants, ama-cowberries, ama-blueberry, ama-cranberries, ama-strawberries. Uhlu lwezithelo namajikijolo lukhulu kakhulu kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba luhluze konke ku-athikili eyodwa encane. Abantu baseRashiya baseNingizimu Afrika bangabhekwa njenge-apula, i-pear, i-cherry, izinhlobo ezingenakubalwa zamajikijolo. Ngaphezu kwalokhu okungenhla, yi-blackberries, ama-blueberries, amathambo, isikhulu, i-crawberry, i-cloudberry, i-viburnum, i-mountain ash, i-hawthorn, i-irga, i-elderberry, i-cherry, njll. Lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwezithelo namajikijolo atholakala ensimini yezwe lethu.

Amajikijolo gogi noma dereza?

Muva nje, izithelo zesitshalo se-goji sezisakazwa kakhulu njengomkhiqizo omncane. Uma uthatha i-directory-classifier, echaza incazelo yezithelo namajikijolo, ungathola ukuthi lesi sitshalo esimangalisayo sijwayele wonke amaRashiya futhi sande kakhulu kulo lonke elaseRussia, futhi simbiza ngokuthi ukuhlukanisa. Le berry yayingathandwa kakhulu okhokho bethu, ngoba yayingekho ukunambitheka kwangempela kanye nephunga eliphawulekayo, njenge-raspberry, i-currant noma i-strawberry. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubonakala kwe-derevo okudliwayo kungadideka kalula nge-wolfberry enobuhlungu. Ngenxa yokulahlekelwa isisindo, ugogokazi wethu wayevame ukusebenzisa ugqumugqumu.

I-Gooseberries

"Amagilebhisi aseNyakatho," njengoba izandla zikaMichurin ezikhanyayo zaqala ukubiza i-gooseberries, ekhula kuzo zonke izivande zangaphambili nasemigwaqweni, akuyona isiRashiya ekuqaleni. Walethwa kithi amakhulu eminyaka edlule. Emibhalweni yezikhathi zika-Ivan III kukhona okushiwo yi-shrub. Izakhiwo zokunambitheka amajikijolo ziye zaziswa isikhathi eside futhi zisetshenziselwa ukupheka ama-compotes, amakhemikhali, i-jam, i-marmalade, amasoso, ama-juice, iwayini, ama-liqueurs neviniga. I-Gooseberries iyasiza kakhulu ekuboneni kwezokwelapha. Amajikijolo kanye nama-decoction amaqabunga aphuza ngesifo sofuba, izakhi ezinamaphilisi nezinambuzane ezikhungathekile zamajikijolo zasiza isikhumba sokuvuvukala. Ngesifo sohudo nesifo sohudo, i-gooseberries ayikwazi ukushintshwa. Ikhono lakhe lokulungisa isihlalo, ukuthuthukisa imetabolism jikelele, ukukhipha udoti nokuphakamisa ithoni akunakho okufanayo. Kunzima ukuthola izindlela eziphumelelayo zokulwa nesisindo esiningi kunama-gooseberries (ehlobo - amajikijolo, ebusika - uviniga).

Phuza kusuka amajikijolo nezithelo ukuthuthukisa imetabolism

Sekude isikhathi eside, ukuthuthukisa imetabolism, isithelo semviniga yemvelo nesosi sisetshenziswa. Ukuze ulahlekelwe isisindo, amapuni amabili weviniga anezinga elifanayo leju elihlanjululwe ngilazi yamanzi afudumele futhi aphuze esiswini esingenalutho. Iviniga elihle elenziwe ekhaya liyisitolo sokugcina samavithamini nezakhi zokulandelela. Ngakho-ke kulungile ukuthi umdlandla walo mkhiqizo usanda kufinyelela phambili. Yenza uviniga awunzima. Kuye, izithelo ezihlwabusayo kuphela noma amajikijolo kanye noshukela omncane kuyadingeka. Isikhathi sokuvuthwa singamaviki amabili ekukhanyeni nasezinsukwini ezingama-40 endaweni emnyama. Uviniga ungaphinde ube nemifino kanye noju. Iviniga elingu-3% elenziwe ekhaya alikona nje kuphela elifanelekile njengesiphuzo sevithamini nezamandla, kodwa futhi ekudleni inyama nenhlanzi, ngokugqoka isaladi, lisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuzilungisa. Iqoqo lezithelo lapho uviniga lenziwa khona ngeke liphelele ngaphandle kokukhuluma ngama-apula.

Ama-apula

Ekuseni nasekupheleni, izimpondo nezintambo ezincane - lezi zithelo ziyathandwa yibo bonke futhi azikho neze ukuphikisana. Zisetshenziselwa ukudla okunomsoco nokwelashwa, zifake ijusi, zenze i-compotes, i-jam, i-kissels, yenza ama-sauces noviniga. Nge-anemia, ama-apula angama-glandular adliwa. Enyameni yesithelo sinamathele izinaliti zensimbi noma izipikili, zishiye isigamu sosuku, khona-ke izinto zensimbi ziyasuswa. Manje ungadla i-apula. Izinti ezixubile zisetshenziselwa ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngoba ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuphendula kwamakhemikhali phakathi kwe-acid nessimbi kwenzeka ngokushesha futhi ngokwengeziwe.

Ngokungafani nezinye izithelo eziningi, ama-apula ayidinga kakhulu kuphela izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokupheka nezomuthi, kodwa nezokungabizi nokufinyelela. Ama-apula kuma-expanses aseRussia ahlale egcwele. Ngomunye umnyaka, izitshalo zidlula amandla okucubungula, futhi ama-apula ayanyamalala, kodwa kuyisihawu. Lesi sipho semvelo kufanele sihlonishwe futhi sisetshenziselwe impilo.

Izitshalo zezithelo - izivakashi zamazwe aseRussia

Ngaphambi kokuguqulwa kuka-1917 emasimini asebusika amaGreeb Dukes ahluma izihlahla ze-orange nemithi ye-lemon, wakhula ama-pineapples nezintende zezandla. Ukukhula kwezithelo ezishisayo endaweni yokushisa akulula kakhulu uma ubanika ukukhanya okwanele, umswakama kanye nokushisa kwomoya. Nokho, njengomthetho, Amajikijolo nezithelo ezitshalweni zokugcina izithombo azikho izakhiwo ezifanayo nabalingani bazo, zikhulile ezimweni zemvelo. I-Agronomists iye yafunda ukwakhiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezingazange zithole izimpande ezimweni zethu. Ababelethi benza amasiko amasha, futhi kancane kancane baba yingxenye yezwe laseRussia. Abalimi bezitshalo kanye nabalimi beloli baye bahluma ama-strawberries asele eside futhi aphumelelayo, i-physalis, i-henomeles, i-mahonia, i-actinidia, i-schisandra nezinye izitshalo kumasayithi abo, okuyinto engeyona yendabuko yemhlabathi yethu nesimo sezulu. Le nqubo iphinde ihambisane nhlangothi zonke: eYurophu, kancane kancane, kodwa ngempela iHoneysuckle yaseMpumalanga Ekude isetshenziswa.

I-Honeysuckle

I-Honeysuckle, noma i-cherry eMpumalanga Ekude, ingenye yalezo zithelo ezingavuniwe ngokuzikhandla, kodwa kuyisihawu, ngoba le berry inomusa omuhle futhi iphunga elimnandi elikhumbuza ama-blueberries. Kusukela ku-honeysuckle uthola ujamu omangalisayo, ijusi newayini. Amajikijolo anomile, futhi ebusika aphuza futhi aphuze njenge-diuretic, anti-inflammatory and agent multivitamin. Ama-berries omusha asetshenziselwa izilonda nge-eczema nezinye izilonda zesikhumba. Izimbali ezinesizotha zezihlahla zezithelo zezitshalo zaseRussia. Izithelo zivele kakade ngoMeyi - Juni, 1-2 amasonto ngaphambi kwe-strawberries.

Izithelo zendabuko zeholide yonyaka omusha

Iphunga le-tangerines, i-chocolate ne-pine izinaliti yileziphunga ezivamile zonyaka omusha. Ngisho nasezikhathini zamaSoviet, ama-tangerines kanye nama-chocolate ahlanganiswa nesipho sezingane zonyaka omusha. Izithelo ebusika ekuthengisweni kwamahhala cishe azizange zenzeke, futhi iphunga le-tangerine, elixubene nomoya we-frosty, lithole umthunzi okhethekile, okhunjulwa kuze kube phakade. Kodwa izihlahla ezinamaqabunga ezinezithelo ezikhanyayo kanye namaqabunga aqabunga amacembe ahlobisa amafasitela ethu unyaka wonke. Phakathi kwazo - ulamula, ama-orang, ama-tangerine nezinye izithelo ze-citrus. Uhlu ngeke luphelele ngaphandle kwama-kumquats amancane nama-lime aluhlaza. Ngenxa yemithi eningi ye-vitamin C, kunconywa ukuba badle ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa ngemuva kokugula nokuthuthukisa ingculazi. Uma udla i-citrus njalo, kuzothula izinga le-cholesterol egazini futhi lihlanze i-lymph. Ekuphekeni, izithelo ze-citrus zisetshenziselwa imifino, imishayo, ama-marmalades, kanye nama-sauces ama-seafood, izinhlanzi nezitsha zenyama. Uma kukhona ukungezwani komzimba ezitshalweni ezibomvu, khetha i-yellow-green grapefruit noma i-pomelo.

Izindlela zabantu zokuvuna nokucubungula izithelo

Ngisho nanamuhla, lapho kungabikho ndawo ehlala eYurophu, amadolobha akhula ngokuzikhandla futhi amabhizinisi amabhizinisi akhiwa, eRussia izindawo ezingaphezu kwezingu-20% zikhululekile futhi ziyizihlahla zezitshalo zasendle. Kuze kube manje, abantu baya ehlathini ukuthola izithelo eziwusizo. Kusukela esikhathini esidlule ehlobo nasekwindla okhokho bethu baqoqa futhi bavuna izipho zemvelo, njengamajikijolo, amakhambi, amakhowe, amantongomane, imifino yezimpande nezithelo. Abantu baseRashiya bahlangana nobusika kanye nokuthunyelwe okude (uKhisimusi noMkhulu) amabheji agcwele. Babekwazi ukugcina amajikijolo nezithelo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngehlobo, ama-apula, amapheya kanye nezinye izithelo ezinkulu namnandi zithathwa. Izithelo ezintsha zazinqunywa zibe amacwecwe amancane, afakwe emathreyini futhi agqoke indwangu encane yokuvikela ezinambuzaneni nasothuli. Yenziwa ngezinsuku ezomile nezishisayo. Ngakho balungile futhi abanye Amajikijolo nezithelo, isibonelo, ama-apricot, amagilebhisi, i-cherry, i-cherry, iplamu, inja rose, njll. Emanvelweni abalobi baseRussia, ama-tinctures nama-liqueurs avela ku-cranberries, ama-cherry, ama-currants, ama-ash ash atholakala njalo. Abesifazane baphejiwe ngejamu, i-jelly, i-marmalade, futhi hhayi njalo ushukela, kodwa ngokuvamile ku-honey, okuye kwaba neningi. Ema-gooseberries aluhlaza agqoke ama-walnuts, enza isenzo esimangalisayo. I-Gooseberries yayifakwe e-vodka, yahlala ubusuku e-glacier futhi iphekwe ngamaqabunga e-cherry. Kwamanye amalungiselelo amnandi we-flavour enkulu, kutholakala izithelo zama-citrus ezingavamile ngaleso sikhathi. Uhlu lwezinto zokupheka zasendulo zokudla zaseRashiya lwaluzophela ngaphandle kwemifino kazwelonke yezinhlanzi, inyama kanye ne-porridge. Abadala bezinduna zaziyinkosikazi enkulu ekuqaliseni ama-sauces ahlukahlukene, lawo ama-sauces. Kwabo, ekwindla, izinhlobo ezithile zezithelo zazimanzi futhi zinobuhlungu.

Izithelo ezimanzi

Ukuthululela, noma, njengoba kubizwa nangokuthi, ukuzwa, ingenye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokuvuna izithelo ezinsukwini zakudala. Lokhu kwenziwa nge-cranberries, ama-cloudberries, ama-cranberries, ama-apula, amapheya, ama-plums namakhabe. Izithelo ezihlanzekile ezingenasici zafakwa emiphongolweni ye-oki, egcwele utshani, yathululela amanzi abilisiwe ngosawoti kanye ne-sugar encane, i-malt noma ufulawa we-rye kanye nesonto eligcinwe ekamelweni elifudumele lokuvutshelwa. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, imiphongolo idluliselwa emgodini obandayo. Ukuvuthwa okuqhubekayo kwaphela cishe inyanga. Emva kwalokho, umkhiqizo wawulungele ukusetshenziswa. Ama-apula ahlabekayo agcinwa kahle kuze kube sehlobo. Ziyisiphuzo ngokweqile, kodwa-ke, sekwephuzile kuphela, izinhlobonhlobo ezinzima ezifana ne-Antonovka, i-anis, i-safari ye-pepin nezinye izinto ezifanelekile. Imiphongolo nomkhiwane we-Oak zicebisa kahle iphunga lamanzi. Kodwa uma zingekho, ungasebenzisa koqweqwe lwawo, ingilazi noma izitsha ze-ceramic. Kusukela ku-cowberry emanzi, ama-sauces amnandi atholakala ngamafutha enyama, ama-duck nomdlalo. Amajikijolo ahlanganiswe nengcosana yefulawa we-rye (ngobuningi), ubilise ngamanzi abilayo, usawoti kanye noshukela kunezelwa ukunambitha. Amabala anjalo ayelokhu engumsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu we-Russian cuisine.

I-Watermelon

Kungenzeka yini ukuba ucabange ukuthi ikhave ibandakanya uhlu lwezithelo? Ayikho imibono ehlangene ngalolu daba, kodwa kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesigaba - izithelo, imifino noma amajikijolo, amathandoni athandwa yiwo wonke umuntu. Bobabili abadala kanye nezingane babheke phambili ngenkathi yamanzi. Izithelo zase-Afrika sekuyisikhathi eside zisungulwe kahle kakhulu eningizimu, kepha futhi naseningizimu yeRussia, ngoba ukuvuthwa okugcwele kudinga isimo sezulu esomile nesishisayo. Esikhathini se-watermelon, abantu abanezinso zamatshe, banethuba elihle lokususa le nkinga. Umusi wamakhabethe uqukethe izinto ezigqugquzela ukuchithwa kwamatshe, futhi izakhiwo zayo zomsindo ziphuthumisa ukwedlula usawoti. I-folic acid iyadingeka ekuqaliseni amaprotheni futhi ikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwegazi. Likhona emifino eminingi, kodwa njalo libhujiswa ngenkathi kusetshenzwa ukushisa, ngakho-ke, ngenkathi yamakhabethe akudingekile ukuba ungaphuthelwa ithuba lokuthuthukisa umzimba wakho.

Uhlobo olunzima lwaseRussia unyaka ngamunye lusinika izipho ezicebile. Izinhlobo eziningi zezithelo namajikijolo zifundwa kahle futhi zisetshenziselwa ukudla kanye nezinhloso zokwelapha ngenhloso, kepha kukhona nalabo esibakhohliwe, ukukhetha amavithamini ezakhiwe kanye nama-export exotics. Lokhu akukwazi ukuhlala kuze kube phakade. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngelinye ilanga sizobuyela itiye kusuka ku-currants, ama-raspberries nama-blackberries, iziphuzo ezivela ku-viburnum ne-ash ash, futhi idada elidliwayo lizodliwa nge-cranberry sauce noma amakhabe anamanzi.