Uhlelo lwe-Kinematic. Uhlelo lwe-Kinematic yedrayivu. Izinqubo ze-Kinematic zezinhlelo

Ngaphandle kohlelo lwe-kinematic, akunakwenzeka ukucabanga noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemishini. Sikhuluma ngezimoto, amataretha, amathuluzi omshini, kanye nezinhlobo ezilula zezinqubo. Ngokuvamile, i-kinematics iyinhlangano ekhethekile emishini, ehlose ukutadisha izindawo zokuxhumanisa kwezinqubo. Isayensi ivumela ukuhlaziywa kweziqu ngokutadisha imizila yezixhumanisi, ukucacisa amaphuzu, izikhundla kanye nokuhamba kwezinto. Ukufeza umphumela wokugcina akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa umqondo "wezinhlelo ze-kinematic," okuzoxoxwa ngakho kulesi sihloko.

Iyini uhlelo lwezinkanyezi? Imiqondo eyisisekelo

Uma siphendula ngokukhawuleza lo mbuzo, uhlelo lwe-kinematic luhlobo oluthile noma idokhumenti, uma umuntu engayifaka ngale ndlela, lapho wonke ama-mechanical links nezilinganiso aboniswa khona. Ngokuvamile izixhumanisi zesifunda zibizwa ngokuthi ama-kinematic pair. Uma sichaza ulimi lwesayensi, ke yizici eziqinile ze-conjugate enani lezingcezu ezimbili, okuthi, ngenxa yemibandela yokuxhumana, ukunciphisa ukunyakaza komunye nomunye.

Ubukhona bokulinganisa kuyadingeka ekwenzeni ukuhlaziywa kwe-kinematic, okuhlola isisekelo sokuhamba kwezinqubo, izindlela zabo kanye nesivinini. I-kinematics ingaxazululwa kokubili ngokucacile nangokuhlola.

Ngokuvamile, sikhuluma ngesimiso se-kinematic lapho sihlaziya uhlobo lwendlela. Babiza uhlelo oluthile lwemizimba, oluguqula ukunyakaza kwamanye ukuze kuhambisane okudingekayo kwabanye. Ukwakhiwa kwanoma yikuphi okufakelwa ama-mechanical kuhlanganisa izixhumanisi - izinhlayiya eziningana eziqinile, ezixhunyaniswe kahle. Isixhumanisi, esicatshangelwa ukuthi sihleliwe, sibizwa ngokuthi i-rack.

I-element ye pair pair kinematic noma isixhumanisi yisistimu yezindawo kanye nemigqa lapho isixhumanisi esisodwa sithintana khona nomunye. Leli phuzu libizwa nangokuthi i-node yokuhlangana.

Izindawo zokusebenzisa ama-kinematic schemes

Uhlelo lwezinhlelo zokusebenza lusetshenziswe ngokuphelele kuzo zonke izindawo zomkhakha - ukwakha umshini, ukwakhiwa kwamathuluzi, njll. Yonke imithetho yokusebenza ilawulwa idokhumenti ekhethekile - okuthiwa i-GOST.

Imithetho yokwenziwa kwezikimu

Kunemithetho eminingi eyisisekelo yokudweba imidwebo ye-kinematic:

• Idokhumenti ingahle yenziwe kokubili ephepheni nasemithonjeni ye-elekthronikhi. Kunconywa ukuba uqambe ama-design schemes kwelinye ishidi elinokuhle lokuhlukanisa kumafomethi adingekayo uma ushicilela.
• Uma kwenzeka ukusebenzisa izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo ye-multimedia kuvunyelwe, okungukuthi, kungenzeka ukukhombisa ukunyakaza kokuguquguquka ngendlela ebonakalayo.

Imidwebo ye-Kinematic ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo ezintathu: eziyisisekelo, ezakhiwe futhi ezisebenzayo. Imithetho yokuhlanganiswa kwabo iphinde ihluke komunye nomunye.

Ngokuqondene nemidwebo yesimiso, umdwebo kufanele ubonise zonke izinhlobo zokuxhumana phakathi kwezakhi. Le dokhumenti inikezwa ngendlela yokushisa. Isimiso se-kinematic, izimpawu umthuthukisi akhomba emasimini, kufanele emelelwe emgqeni womkhiqizo ekuhloleni kwe-axonometric. Imithetho eningiliziwe yokuhlanganiswa kwabo ingatholakala ngokuhambisana ne-GOST 2.303 no-2.701.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama- structural schemes kanye nezinhloko eziyinhloko ukuthi izingxenye zokusebenza zomkhiqizo kanye nobuhlobo phakathi kwabo kuboniswa kuqala. Njengomthetho, zenziwa ngezindlela zemidwebo yezithombe noma amarekhodi okuhlaziya.

Imidwebo esebenzayo ibonisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinxenye zezakhi ezimelelwa ngamanani ejometri elula.

Ngubani olawula ukufaneleka kokudweba amacebo?

Imithetho yokuhlanganiswa ihlongozwe emibhalweni yangaphakathi yokumiswa. Ukuze kusebenze leli dokhumenti, iningi lamazwe omhlaba livota eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Ngezikhathi ezithile, izinguquko zenziwa kwi-GOST, eqondakalayo - inqubekela phambili yesayensi ayimi, isayensi iqala, futhi nayo, izinguquko nemibhalo yokulawula iyaqhubeka. Ngaphandle kwezinga eliyisisekelo, imithetho yokuqaliswa kwezinhlelo ze-kinematic inqunywe kwi-Unified System of Documentation Design.

Ukunqunywa kwesakhiwo sezinhlelo

Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, zonke izindlela ziqukethe inani elithile lezinkanyezi ezinezinkanyezi. Zihlukaniswe zaba yizinhloko ezimbalwa eziyinhloko:

• Ngendlela yendawo yokuxhumana - kuya ephansi nangaphezulu;
• Ngendlela yokuvala;
• Ngokunyakaza okuhambisanayo kokubili - ekuhumusheni, ekujikelezeni, e-cylindrical, njll.

Izinqubo ze-Kinematic zezinhlelo zithatha isakhiwo sabo. Uma sinikezela le ncazelo incazelo, khona-ke yilokho konke okwenzekayo kudivayisi kanye nobuhlobo phakathi kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze kunqume indlela yokwakhiwa kwalo mkhakha, kubalulekile ukusungula ukwakheka kwezixhumanisi ezingenayo.

Ngokwezindlela ezibalulwe ngenhla, izinhlobo eziyinhloko zemishini yomshini enquma isakhiwo sayo ziyahlukahluka:

• Rack;
• Insimbi yokuxhuma;
• I-Crank;
• I-slider.

Izinhlobo zezindlela

Kunemiklamo eminingi ehlukene. Ngokuvamile izinqubo zihlukaniswa ngokuthi:

• I-lever noma induku;
• I-Frictional;
• Ukuma kwe-Cam;
• Izindlela ezinezixhumanisi eziguquguqukayo;
• Kuhlanganisiwe, njll.

Phakathi kokuhlukaniswa okuyisisekelo kwezinqubo, zikhona lezo ezihlukanisa ngezigaba ezintathu:

• Ukusebenza (ngokusho komgomo wenqubo yezobuchwepheshe);
• Isakhiwo (esakhiweni);
• Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo-okwakhiwe (ezimisweni ezakhayo).

Imininingwane eyengeziwe kuma-kinematic schemes izokwaziswa ngesibonelo se-drive kagesi.

Iyini idrayivu? Inhloso yalo

Ngaphambi kokukhuluma ngesimiso se-kinematic drive, udinga ukwazi ukuthi kuyini. Ukushayela kuyisidingo esikhethekile esishayela umshini ngenjini. Ngamanye amazwi, lo mshini uqala ukuhamba ukusuka kokugeleza kwamandla, okuphuma nge injini, noma kusuka ezakhiweni ezengeziwe. Uhlelo lwe-kinematic of the reducer lubalulekile ekutadisheni umqondo we "drive". Le divayisi iyindlela yokuguqula imishini noma imishini ehambisa ukujikeleza esiteshini ngqo kumshini womshini. Umzimba wayo uqukethe ama-bearings, shafts kanye nama-cogwheels.

Uhlelo lwe-Kinematic yedrayivu

Kunoma yikuphi ukushayela, zonke izakhi ezixhunyiwe zithonya elithile komunye nomunye. Okusho ukuthi ukutadisha ukuxhumana okukodwa kuphela ngeke kwanele, kubalulekile ukucabangela ithonya labo elilodwa. Ukwenza lokhu, konke okusemandleni ekuklanyeni kubangela iphuzu elilodwa, njengombuso, yi-shaft motor. Isimiso se-kinematic drive sibizwa ngokuthi silingana, futhi imingcele ibizwa ngokuthi iyancipha.

Amasu alo mishini ahlanganisa izici eziyisisekelo ezifana nalezi:

• I-motor kagesi;
• Ukudluliswa okuvulekile;
• Nciphisa;
• Shaft shaft yomshini;
• Ukuqhafaza.

Lokhu kuyakheka okudala kwesikimu se-kinematic, ezinye izakhi zingase zingekho.

Uhlelo lwe-Kinetic lwezinye izindlela

I-Kinematics yisayensi ehlola imiklamo ehlukahlukene, ngakho-ke, ngohlobo ngalunye lwemishini uhlelo lwayo. Cabanga ngomdwebo we-aggregate evamile - umshini. Yiqiniso, kunezinye izindlela eziningi, futhi ukuhlola izinhlelo zabo kungathatha isikhathi esiningi. Izithombe zezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi zihlolisiswa ngokuningiliziwe ngabososayensi, imishini kanye nabalandeli be-kinematics.

Umshini uyisibonelo esilula sendlela eqhutshwa amandla athile. Imizimba emikhulu yokuklama yilezi: itafula, ukwesekwa, i-spindle neminye imininingwane. Amaketanga omshini womshini unama gears ahlukene, ahlelwe ngokulandelana okuthile. Izikimu zokudluliselwa kwe-Kinematic Kungaba nesibhande sabo sokwakhiwa, igesi noma imbungu. Emdwebeni, zonke izakhi zikhethwe yizibonakaliso ezikhethekile, ezibekiwe kuGOST 3462-61. Umdwebo wesimemezelo womshini uhlanganisa izinyathelo zezikrini zokuhola, amamojula wokufaka izimbungu, inani lezinguquko zeenjini, amandla, njll.

Imishini yesimanje ayinayo kuphela ukuthunyelwa komshini, ngokuvamile isebenzisa amadivaysi e-hydraulic noma ama-pneumatic, ngakho-ke, kuma-passports wamathuluzi omshini umuntu akakwazi ukuthola ama-kinematic schemes, kodwa ahlangene ne-pneumohydraulic noma kagesi.

Izwe lanamuhla lemishini nezinxenye likhulu, kunezinkulungwane zezindlela ezahlukene nezakhi ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke, iyunithi ngayinye ye mechanical inehlelo layo le-kinematic, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-crane, ukumiswa kwemoto, umshini wokusika wensimbi noma umgogodla wokugaya. Imidwebo ye-Kinematic kanye nezincazelo zemiklamo kusiza ukuqonda isakhiwo nokwakheka kwezinqubo, lula inqubo yokutadisha ukuhamba kwezakhi kanye nezixhumanisi kulolu chungechunge. Ngenxa yezikimu ezinjalo kanye nesayensi ye-kinematics, ngokujwayelekile, inqubekelaphambili yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe ayimi, kukhona izindlela eziningi eziphelele, imishini kanye namayunithi angena ngokuzenzekelayo ekuphileni kwethu nawe.