Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo endaweni ye-Arctic ezingwadule. Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo kanye nezimbangela zabo

I-Arctic oluthatha indawo zindawo okusezingeni eliphezulu, umngcele okuyinto kwe-Arctic Circle. On semvelo ethambile ndawo kwaba nethonya elibi yezinto zemvelo imisebenzi yabantu. Lesi sihloko libala ethize izinkinga zemvelo kule ndawo ye-Arctic ezingwadule futhi sonke isifunda, kuhlanganise ne-Arctic Ocean nge ezilwandle, emikhawulweni neziqhingi.

Izinkinga kwemvelo ye-Arctic

izici zemvelo kanye ezindawo ka esifundeni elihlobene ne isikhundla salo zindawo eziphakeme nezinti predominance semvelo yasemanzini. Ngo-1991, ohulumeni lamazwe ne indawo ngaphakathi kwe-Arctic Circle, zamukele isu ukuvikela imvelo ye-Arctic. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-5, esasayinwa ngo-Ottawa Declaration futhi osungulwe -Arctic Council. Yezinjongo eziyinhloko zomsebenzi zawo eziphathelene ukuthuthukiswa okugcinekayo esifundeni Arctic. I-UN Uhlelo olukhona kwemvelo, okungukuthi, UNEP likhombe izinkinga ezinkulu zemvelo:

• ukungcolisa ulwandle Arctic ngemikhiqizo uwoyela;
• ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke, okuholela ukuncibilika polar yiqhwa;
• ukwandisa ukudoba nezinye ukukhiqizwa kwasolwandle;
• kwesimo eziphilayo e-Arctic;
• nokwehlisa polar isilwane imiphakathi;
• lokuthumela olunzulu.

ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu

Map zone ehlane arctic esiyi-izindawo ezincane ogwini Greenland eYurophu nase-Asia, eNyakatho Melika, lezi ziqhingi futhi iziqhingi e-Arctic Ocean. Abacwaningi baye bame kwelokuthi emoyeni lokushisa kule izinkomba-Arctic Circle kwanda ngokushesha kwezinye izifunda. Lokhu isivele eyabangela ukuncipha okukhulu kule ndawo izindawo zemvelo, futhi esikhathini esizayo kungase zinyamalale.

Isimo sezulu esifudumeza kumephu zone ehlane arctic yonke indawo sithathelwe indawo nezimfunda. Lisongela nokuqothulwa kwezinto eziphilayo eziningi yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ingashintshwa ukuze izinkomba ekhona lokushisa. Izimpilo bemdzabu Arctic, futhi, isengozini, ngoba ukuphila sabantu amakhulu eminyaka kwakheka Ukubambisana eduze ne yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.

Ukuncibilika iqhwa lase-Arctic neqhwa

Russian Hydrometeorological yesevisi engu-30 edlule kuye kwaba khona ukwehla kwe-ice endaweni ezilwandle enyakatho. Izinga ukuncibilika liye landa kule minyaka eyishumi yokugcina yekhulu XX. Esikhathini esifanayo cwaningo lwembula ukuncipha ugqinsi ikhava ice izikhathi 2. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ngokuhamba ngekhulu xxi, lezi zinqubo uqhubeke. Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo lizokukwatisa ezilwandle, isibonelo, amanzi isikhala Arctic ehlobo ngeke cishe ngokuphelele khulula ice. Ngaphambili, eyovulwa ku umcengezi umfula we-Arctic Ocean. Izinguquko sizothinta izindawo ezinkulu at ibanga ezinkulungwaneni noma amakhilomitha ukusuka ogwini.

Komoya namanzi

nezindaba ezisemqoka kwemvelo endaweni esogwadule arctic nezimfunda abahlangene ukudluliselwa emoyeni quba izifunda asethuthukile enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeRussia, Central naseNyakatho Yurophu. Kukhona ukulahleka okuthiwa nemvula ene-asidi - izixazululo aqueous sulphur kanye nitrogen oxides. ezifakwa okunjalo zibulale lonke ecosystem ethambile Arctic ukubhubhisa ungqimba ezondile inhlabathi emathafeni ase-, zibulale umsebenzi amanzi eziphilayo emelelwa isikimu ngezansi.

Imithombo eyinhloko ukungcola, izinkinga ngodlame kwemvelo endaweni esogwadule arctic - is yezimayini nezokuthutha. Isifunda Ubuye elisekela ezempi kanye izindawo zezimboni sicubungula izinto zemvelo eluhlaza. I-ecosystem yokuwa:

• emkhathini kanye effluents wamabhizinisi zezimboni kanye Izinsiza zomphakathi;
• ekukhiqizweni kokudla ukucutshungulwa hydrocarbon (uwoyela negesi);
• ezisansimbi ezinamandla nezinye ezincithakalweni ukukhiqizwa Metallurgical;
• ezinobuthi ezithile (phenol, ammonia nabanye);
• ukungcola eziningi kusukela elisekela ugu;
• imfucuza imikhumbi ezisebenza fuel zenuzi.

Izibikezelo of isimo kwemvelo e-Arctic

Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi enyakatho nesifunda polar zomhlaba, arctic ehlane zone ngokukhethekile, uzoqhubeka obala ukungcola enamandla yabantu. Kwandzisa linani umsebenzi eshalofini Continental, lapho isizinda kanye zokuthutha kwemithombo yemvelo kakade kakhulu kusasebenza. Amashumi ezinkulungwane Derricks uwoyela ukumpompa uwoyela e-Arctic, ngokuvumelana izinhlangano kwemvelo, ngomzuzwana wabo zenzeka ukuvuza of izinto zokusetshenziswa.

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo e-arctic ehlane zone. ukuphela kwezinto eziphilayo ezinhlobonhlobo

Nezilwane komkhathi abandayo ezineqhwa ye-Arctic Circle imelelwa inombolo encane zinhlobo mammalian. Awezinyoka nezilwane eziphila ezweni kule ndawo bengekho. I eziningana zezinyoni imayelana 4 izikhathi kunakunoma ezincelisayo. Lokhu kuchazwe ukuhamba eliphezulu izinyoni, ukufuduka zabo zonyaka, ikhono zululeka olude ziyofuna ukudla. Esiqhingini nezwe elingasogwini, lapho kukhona izindawo encane ehlane arctic, nezilwane imelelwa ezincelisayo nezinyoni. Kukhona walruses, izimvu zamanzi, amabhere, izimpungushe, onongwaja lemmings. Laba bameleli be eziningi iningi Waterfowl - duck, eider amadada, guillemot futhi auks.

Izinkinga ezithinta imvelo e-arctic ehlane zone elihlobene ne "rookeries" - amakoloni elingavamile izinyoni. Basengozini enkulu ngenxa lokuthumela kudinga Ukuvikelwa zabo, ikakhulukazi phakathi nenkathi yokuzalela.

Nature nokongiwa e-Arctic Circle

Ochwepheshe bathi umonakalo elisemqoka kuya-ecosystem ethambile ye-Arctic kubangela ukuzingela. Ngokwesibonelo, abasolwa emanzini ephathelene Russia ngonyaka ukhiqiza amabhere angaba ngu-300.

Okunye kwezinto zemvelo esifundeni, edinga ukunakekela ceaseless izinhlangano kwemvelo:

• ukucekelwa phansi kwayo;
• okwandisa ingcindezi womuntu;
• ukwandisa inani inkinga lokulahla imfucuza;
• ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu.

Kanyekanye ukuncibilika endaweni ice nayo iyancishiswa Iqhwa, kukhona eziyingozi imihlola hydrometeorological emifuleni fanele kuze lo pool. bomdabu kanye ngabafokazi kwe-Arctic Circle nayo inenkinga ukungcola imvelo sengozini yesifunda. Izinkinga kwemvelo ye-Arctic esingase sithinte yesifunda, kodwa futhi ukubaluleka global. Esikhathini Russian Federation ukuze kulondolozwe kuzo izilwane zasendle, ukuvikela imvelo kusuka komoya kanye nokucekelwa phansi wadala izinqolobane Arctic. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo: Kandalaksha, Omkhulu Arctic, Wrangel Island, Taimyr.