Inqubomgomo yezohwebo kanye nezohwebo zangaphandle: izici zanamuhla zokuthuthukisa ukuhwebelana ngamazwe ezinsizakalo

Ukuhwebelana ngamazwe ngamazwe kanye nenqubomgomo yokuhweba kwamanye amazwe emkhakheni wezinsizakalo kuya kuba yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ekhula ngokushesha ebuhlotsheni bezomnotho wangaphandle. Emashumini eminyaka amuva, umthamo wayo usuwe ngaphezu kwezingu-4 trillion. Esikhathini sokubuyiswa komhlaba wonke, isabelo sezinsizakalo ngu-20%, lapho i-1/3 yinkampani yezokuvakasha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula kokuhweba kwezinsizakalo kungu-25% ngaphambi kokukhula kwezokuhweba emhlabeni kwezimpahla. ERussia, inzuzo yokuhweba ngezinsizakalo ngo-2010 idlule izindleko ze $ 2.5 billion.

Inqubomgomo yomhlaba wonke yokuhweba kanye nokuhweba emkhakheni wezinsizakalo ibeka phambili izici, kokuqala, ekusabalaleni kwawo. Ezingu-70% zezindleko zazo zonke izinsizakalo ezithunyelwa ziwela eU.SA, eJalimane, Great Britain, eJapane, eFrance, njll. Lawa mazwe ikakhulukazi ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsizakalo zezezimali, zokuxhumana, ezokuvakasha, isiko kanye nemfundo. Amazwe athuthukayo abe ngokukhethekile ekuhlinzekeni kwezinhlobo ezithile zezinsizakalo, ezifana nokuvakasha (Jamaica), ukuthutha (iPanama), njll, noma ukuthumela izinto ezibonakalayo emakethe kanye nokuhweba kuma-akhawunti wezinsizakalo ezingekho kuka-10% kwezingqikithi ezivela ngaphandle (i-Iran, i-Angola).

E-Belarus, isibonelo, izinqubomgomo zangaphandle zokuhweba nezokuhweba zisalokhu zikhona, lapho kunezinguquko ezingaphezu kwezingu-70% zokuthengiswa kwempahla kanye nokuthengiswa kwezingu-40% ezisezweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe kukhona amasevisi wokwakha, izinsizakalo zokuxhumana. Izinsizakalo zokuvakasha zingaba yinto ethembisayo yokuthekelisa ye-republic, kodwa njengamanje isabelo sabo emazweni angaphandle asidluli ku-3%.

Inqubomgomo yokuhweba kanye nokuhwebelana kwamanye amazwe ekushintshaneni kwezinsizakalo inikeza amaphethini nezintambo eziningi ekuthuthukisweni.

Okokuqala, isakhiwo somkhakha wezinsizakalo siyaqhubeka sithuthukisa: izinhlobo ezintsha zivela; Ehlukana ngokucacile njengento yezohwebo zezinsizakalo, ngaphambili kwakunomlingisi osizayo; Kukhona izinkampani ezihlanganisiwe ezinkulu ezivela emakethe, zinikeza "iphakheji" yamasevisi kumthengi.

Okwesibili, ukuthuthukiswa kokuhweba kwezinsizakalo nakho kungenxa yezinguquko kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke umkhuba olandelayo - ukuqinisa indima yokwaziswa kwezobuchwepheshe. Izinguquko kwezobuchwepheshe bezokwaziswa, ukukhululeka kokuhweba kwezinsizakalo kanye nezinye izinto eziningi kuholela ekuthambekeni okulandelayo - ukukhula kwamanye amazwe okusebenza kwamabhizinisi. Futhi lokhu kubonakala, okokuqala, emisebenzini ye-TNC emakethe yomhlaba wezinsizakalo. Inkambiso yokuhweba nokuhweba kwamanye amazwe e-United States, isibonelo, yakhelwe ekukhiqizweni kwezinsizakalo ikakhulukazi kwamanye amazwe.

Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuhweba kwezinsizakalo zihlala kunciphisa izithiyo ekuhwebeni nasekutshalweni kwezwe ngamazwe.

Ngakho-ke, ekhulwini lama-21, inqubomgomo yangaphandle yokuhweba nokuhweba emkhakheni wenkonzo iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa amandla futhi idlale indima evelele. Lokhu kunqume ngokuqondile isithombe sezwe sokuhweba sangaphandle kanye nesimo sezimali saso. Lokhu kuncika kubonakala kulezi ezilandelayo:

Impumelelo yokuhweba kwamanye amazwe inquma isimo sezomnotho ezweni.

Kukhona ubudlelwane obuhle phakathi kwezinga lokushintshaniswa nomthamo wokuhweba ngaphandle, kodwa izinga lokushintshaniswa akuyona kuphela into ethinta ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe.

Ngemali engabizi kukhona ukwanda kwamanye amazwe.

Ukuncipha kwemali kungenxa yokwanda kwamazinga ezithakazelo, futhi lokhu kuyindlela eyingozi kakhulu yomnotho: izikweletu ziba zibiza kakhulu.

Ababambe iqhaza ekuhwebeni ngamazwe banesithakazelo esilinganisweni sokushintshaniswa okuzinzile, izinguquko zazo ezihambisanayo futhi ezibikezelayo.

Emnothweni wezimakethe, izinga lokushintshaniswa likhombisa izibonakaliso zangempela zezwe, futhi ushintsho lwayo lungakhuthaza ukuhweba ngaphandle ngaphandle kokuba yisici esiqakathekile ekukhuleni kwayo.

Ukukhula kwezohwebo kuncike esimweni sezindaba kumabhizinisi ngokwawo: izinga eliphakeme, izindleko eziphansi kanye nokuthengisa okunemakhono kukwandisa ukuncintisana kwezimpahla zikazwelonke futhi kushukumise ukukhula kwezohwebo.