Isigaba iwayini. Ngaziphi izizathu zihlukaniswe izigaba yewayini? Ukwahlukanisa iwayini by izigaba izinga

Njengoba kusho eRoma yasendulo, Ngo Vino Veritas, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuba uvumelane. Ngempela, naphezu kwentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe kanye ukutshala izinhlobo ezintsha amagilebhisi, iwayini uhlala omunye iziphuzo othembeke kunabo bonke. Abantu bangakuthola ngobuqili brand owaziwa, kodwa inkohliso ukunambitheka, iphunga nombala engenakwenzeka. Futhi kakhulu ngendlela 1000 edlule, iwayini izinga uyakwazi yilo ulimi ngisho umuntu amagama ambalwa.

Abaningi uyoba umangale futhi uthi, "Iwayini has a iwayini", kodwa kuyadingeka lokumba udaba, futhi kuyacaca ukuthi ahlukahlukene emhlabeni lesi siphuzo.

3 amaqiniso kwethonya umlando

1. Ngokokuqala ngqá isimo isipho sikaNkulunkulu newayini okwakufike zamaGreki, lapho onkulunkulu Olympus ukwabelana iresiphi bakhe nabanye. Lokhu isiphuzo, futhi isasetshenziswa imikhosi eminingi eyisiko ehlobene zenkolo.

2. Izazi-mlando eziningi ziyavuma ukuthi igama ekuqaleni French Revolution kwaba ukwanda intela ku iwayini ke wenza isiphuzo bayehluleka ngekwetimali, ngoba impilo esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo.

3. Lapho eFrance anda izintela phakathi kweBrithani ne-Portugal kobungane nobudlelwane. Ngokwe-abacwaningi, i-British bathandile ukunambitheka isiPutukezi port iwayini.

Futhi manje umbuzo main - ngasiphi isizathu iwayini zihlukaniswe ngezigaba.

ngezigaba Jikelele

Tshela wonke amabanga kwelinye sihloko akunakwenzeka, ngakho ake sixoxe lizwe lase-Europe eminingi yasendulo futhi ethandwa ukwenziwa imikhiqizo iwayini - France. Lokho-level ezine Ukwahlukaniswa iwayini lwezigaba izinga sabhalwa lapha.

Ithebula iwayini (VDT noma VIN de etafuleni). Isiphuzo ukukhiqizwa kungase kusekelwe ukusetshenziswa amamaki ahlukahlukene kanye yamagilebhisi izitshalo. Ukuze unikeze 9% amazinga utshwala kufanele bavunyelwe ukuba ushukela isiraphu. Iwayini ithebula ilebula ayibonisi endaweni ukwakhiwa kanye ngonyaka yokuvuna. Ngenxa yokuntuleka imiva futhi ubuntu, abazi bafanelwe ukunakwa baxgeki futhi sommeliers, nezindawo zokudlela ezinhle neze ukuwafaka kwimenyu.

Vin de okhokhela (VDP), noma zendawo, eyakho isigaba izinga ephakeme-level iwayini. Ukukhiqizwa kusekelwe izinhlobo ngokomthetho amajikijolo, isiphuzo kufanele ibe namandla ethile futhi sihlangane izici ezithile organoleptic. I amagilebhisi esetshenziswa kulesi sigaba, Simila endaweni ekhethekile. UMthetho for the umkhakha isiphuzo kulesi sigaba has izindawo 150 eFrance.

Ngabizwa ngesiteketiso d'Origine Vin Delimite de izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu Superieure (AOVDQS noma VDQS) - eliphezulu iwayini lekhethelo. ukukhiqizwa kwawo umthethonqubo esiqinile nokulawula wenziwa izinhlangano ezikhethekile. Zonke iziphuzo zihlobene isigaba iwayini esinegama, ukuhlangabezana eziningi izidingo:

- Ukukhiqizwa kwe-isiphuzo senzeka ezindaweni kuboshelwe endaweni ethize;

- Sebenzisa yamagilebhisi ezilungisiwe kuphela;

- kuchaziwe endleleni yakho yokusingatha futhi ezithela esiphezulu ehektheleni;

- kumele uthobele yonke imithetho vinification, izimfuneko organoleptic futhi wazakhela inqaba.

Ngabizwa ngesiteketiso d'origine controlee (AOC) - ngezigaba eliphakeme iwayini by isigaba njengoba kubekiwe kumtheshwana ivelaphi futhi inezidingo ezibophayo kakhulu kunalezo AOVDQS. Lapha acabangele engu-imivini esetshenziswa, inhlabathi ezihlukahlukene nombala yalesi siphuzo okuholela. Iqhaza main ekukhiqizeni kudlala "appellations", ie igama, ingabe iqinisekisa ubuqiniso umkhiqizo. Khumbula zonke appellations kunzima, njengoba inani labo elikhula njalo (angaphezu kuka-400), kodwa ohlonishwa kakhulu iwayini AOC abhekwa isiFulentshi, ngamunye wabo isici esasenza.

Lonke elaseYurophu kuyinto emadolobheni yamagilebhisi e-Europe, esekelwe ngezigaba isiFulentshi, sidale efanayo. A ukuhlanganisa ocacile eboniswe kuthebula.

France	Italy	Spain
Vin de ithebula	Vino de Mesa	Vino da Tavola
Vin de okhokhela	Vinos de las Tierras	Indicazione Geografica Tipica
AOVDQS	DO (Denominacion de-Origen)	Denominazione di Origine Controllata
AOC	Denominacion de-Origen Calificada	Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita

Ukwahlukanisa okuqukethwe ushukela

Red ngokuvamile eyomile, ngakho kokuba esekelwe iwayini emhlophe.

1. Sec - ezomile (esingaphansi 4 g / L).

2. Demi-isekhondi - semidry (4-12 g / l).

3. Moelleux - semisweet (12-45 g / l).

4. Doux - amnandi (ngaphezu kuka-45 g / l).

Ukuze ekhanya: estra-Brut (esingaphansi 4 g / l), Brut (kufika ku 15 g / l), extra-isekhondi (12-20 g / l), isekhondi (akukho kuka 35 g / l), demi-isekhondi (32 -55 g / l), doux (ngaphezu kuka-55 g / l).

Okuqukethwe CO ₂

Vin effervescent - isigaba uphuzo elikhazimulayo oludakayo, lapho yesibili kwamazinyo enzyme senzeka ibhodlela.

Vin mousseux gazeifie - Ukwahlukaniswa ekhanya iwayini, lapho CO ₂ ukugcwaliswa kwenzeka carbonation.

Vin petillant - iwayini elikhazimulayo, ihlukile kwezinye low-ingcindezi CO ₂ egabheni.

Vin perlant - pearl kokuba ezingeni eliphansi CO _2.

Vin tranquille - ethule iwayini iziphuzo nge ukungabi pheze ephelele CO _2.

Ukwahlukanisa Process

Uhlobo nzima kakhulu ukuhlukana lokhu isiphuzo, njengoba ukukhiqizwa ngamunye has a ubuhlakani kanye umehluko. Naphezu kwalokhu, ochwepheshe bakwazi ukukhomba kule mikhakha elandelayo:

- Iwayini abasha ukuthi akuyona abadinga ukuchayeka.

- Abagugile imiphongolo noma amabhodlela enyakeni owodwa.

- Abagugile ku AbakwaLee lalo. Bahlanganisa ezinye izinhlobo iwayini emhlophe, lo msebenzi nobuchwepheshe Loire Valley.

- ugologo iwayini ezivezwa kuguquka, ukuthi yengezwe utshwala wort nedobrodivshee noma brandy.

- iwayini eliphekiwe, ngokukhethekile, kukhiqizwa French Provence. Ukukhiqizwa kusekelwe Ukushisa isikhathi eside futhi ukuhwamuka inhlama. iwayini ebilisiwe kunobuciko ethize futhi iqukethe noshukela omningi.

Ukwahlukanisa yi umthunzi yalesi siphuzo iwayini

It is hhayi njalo ekhungethe umbala iwayini, ngezinye izikhathi ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka chemical yabo kwengoma. Ngokwesibonelo, bewazi yini ukuthi kukhona champagne ikhiqizwa amagilebhisi abamnyama, kodwa uba nombala omhlophe?

Ngo newayini elibomvu iqukethe tannins (tannins) obhekene astringency futhi eba nezakhi zombala ezenza, okubangela umbala.

Rose iwayini abakufanelekeli ukunakwa baxgeki, nakuba ububanzi imibala yawo wehlukile kakhulu: kusuka kancane namabala ukuba ukugcwaliswa.

Kukhona iwayini kokusanhlamvu kwakhiqiza ePortugal, abamnyama (Cahors), futhi ephuzi.

Futhi manje halamuzi iwayini DO izigaba.

Kusho ukuthini DO

Spanish Analogue eliphezulu iwayini lekhethelo (AOVDQS). Ilungelo ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo kulesi sigaba baye bathola okungaphezu 164 Spanish iwayini abatshali.

Le ndawo elikhulu izivini ukwenziwa iwayini ukuba sigaba La Mancha - 188.181 amahektha. ukukhiqizwa yabo has a evelele bok kanye Velvety ukunambitheka.

Nasi iwayini emhlophe

Isigaba iwayini ezimhlophe kuvame selihlukene laba 6 amamaki:

1. iwayini Dry ukukhanya "umzimba." Ngenxa sommelier wathi it has a "steel" ekujuleni kwenhliziyo. Kwanciphisela ushukela, kodwa emakamu eliphezulu acid, iphesenti utshwala ingeqi 12% kanti iphunga kancane lizwakale. Kodwa ochwepheshe abanolwazi baye bame kwelokuthi lokhu nhloboni yewayini elimhlophe kwesinye isikhathi iphunga nokunambitheka - konke kuncike ezihlukahlukene amagilebhisi. Ngokwesibonelo, "Sauvignon Blanc" has umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama amakhambi, futhi "Riesling" - izithelo.

2. ehlala njalo yokuchayeka yewayini elimhlophe isilinganiso "umzimba" - engengaphansi kwengu-3. It ikhiqizwa Chardonnay, Shenen Blan futhi indima. utshwala ezingeni 10 kuya 13%, kodwa ukunambitheka kanye nephunga elimnandi ezimibalabala liphinyiselwe namanothi elinuka.

3. ephelele "umzimba" imikhakha iwayini, njengoba umthetho, igcinwe imiphongolo iminyaka eminingi. Sinenkosi ukunambitheka elinuka, asidi ongaphakeme, futhi semali tannins. Alcoholic kusuka 12 kuya 14%.

4. Elimnandi ezimhlophe iwayini iziphuzo kuhluke evelele exotic izithelo iphunga. Ziyakwazi ongaphakeme acid ezingeni utshwala ka 12-14%.

5. iwayini Semi-amnandi wenza kusukela izinhlobonhlobo Moscatel amagilebhisi, Tokay-Pinot Gris futhi Shenen Blan. UTSHWALA-14% futhi kufakwa isiphuzo ebandayo ukuze 10 ⁰ C fomu.

6. Ngo-sweet iwayini emhlophe isiphuzo equkethe kuze kube u-18% utshwala ngokuvamile fed dessert. abameleli eyaziwayo oludakayo isiphuzo "Sauternes" futhi "Barsac" (France).

A amazwi ambalwa mayelana isiphuzo elikhazimulayo

Ngokuthi iwayini elikhazimulayo, equkethe-carbon dioxide, adalwe ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile. ukukhiqizwa yabo ihlukaniswe yaba izindlela 4:

1. Carbonation. Lapho esikhiqiza yekhwalithi ephansi iziphuzo isicelo isingeniso yokufakelwa CO _2.

2. Indlela lapho ekupheleni ukuvutshelwa eyinhloko, utshwala alikho umgqomo futhi ibhodlela, ngokuthi yasemakhaya (methode rurale).

3. Uma noqhekeko yesibili izinto eziningi eziphilayo yenzeka akratoforah (metal iziqukathi ekhethekile), iphutha lisuke livela indlela ukukhiqizwa Sharma.

4. Indlela classical - inqubo iyaphindwa ukuvutshelwa kwenzeka egabheni.

Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi kukhona izigaba ezimbili olukhethekile ekhanya iwayini ekhanya pearl. Okokuqala aqukethe inani lemali elincane carbon dioxide, kuyilapho yokugcina abe ingcindezi omncane ibhodlela futhi Bamba ongaphakeme (7%).

Yikuphi ukudla iwayini

Quality iwayini, okuhle ukudla kanye nenkampani ezimnandi - isiqinisekiso izinkumbulo efudumele kwakusihlwa. Kukhethwa nabangane - kuyindaba yangasese, futhi ukwazi ukuthi izitsha kuhlangene iwayini, nayo yonke into.

Kumele siqale nemikhawulo, okungukuthi ukudla, okuyinto hhayi Kunconywa ukuba zisebenze uphuzo oludakayo, ukuze singathwesi kuyidambise ukunambitheka kwakhe. Kasibili kungaba angeke zisebenze ukudla iwayini kanye ukudla okulula, ayoliswe uviniga.

Phakathi enqabelo zihlanganisa namantongomane. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokushintshela kumbono izithelo ukunambitheka efihlekile bengasabeli nezinye izithako futhi iwayini.

mthetho Kugcine osebenza ku ukubhema. intuthu kagwayi ungawuzwa iphunga nokunambitheka nicotine ngeke sivumele ukuzwa ngokugcwele iwayini.

Naphezu izinhlobo eziningi zokudla kukhona umthetho: kulapho eziyinkimbinkimbi ukunambitheka ku plate, kulula ukuphuza iwayini ingilazi, futhi okuphambene nalokho.

Red kuziwa inyama okubabayo, izithelo, pasta, pizza, inhlanzi kanye ezihlukahlukene noshizi.

ukunambitheka White harmonises kahle kwasolwandle, inyama yenkonyana, yenkukhu namaqanda.

Elementi pink iwayini abhekwa inyama ukudla okulula, ukudla kwasolwandle kanye nama-dessert.

izinhlobonhlobo Semi-sokumnandi nokumnandi ezihambisana ice cream, nezithelo ushokoledi.

uphuzo ekhazimulayo, okungukuthi champagne - isiphuzo ephelele kwesidlo ukuvulwa gala.

isiphetho

Uma phambi "isiphuzo saphezulu" ngawe ihlukaniswe mhlophe, zibe bomvu, ezomile futhi uvikelwe ke kunethemba lokuthi, ehlome ngolwazi lesi sihloko, eniyifundile, yiziphi izigaba iwayini, futhi awukwazi nje wafunda Igama lelebuli, kodwa aqaphele ezihlukahlukene futhi indlela enza.