Amazwi sesigodi nezibonelo zenani elikhulu. Yini yigama sesigodi?

Ukwakheka lucebe ye isiRashiya wehlukile futhi ethakazelisa kakhulu. It has a lot of amagama okuqala eyaziwa kuphela kumbuthano ewumngcingo zabantu. Ngo lexicology ukubabiza imikhawulo ukusetshenziswa nokukhululwa ngemacembu ekhethekile. Phakathi kwalezi kubalwa ukwenza amazwi lochwepheshe, akusebenzi futhi sesigodi.

Kwakamuva kuvame ungezwakala emaphandleni. Zikhona ikakhulukazi ingxoxo bukhoma futhi ngokuvamile ziveza ezingokoqobo ekhona lapho. Futhi ngenxa yegama izakhamuzi efanayo kuncike ngokulinganayo zingasebenzisa izinguqulo ezihlukene: lwabantu abavamile "wendawo".

izwi sesigodi - kuyini?

"Ngemuva endlini ziklaba seletok". Ababaningi wezwa lo musho uyakuqonda kusengozini. Kuyaqondakala. Seletkom edolobhaneni Russian ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-nenkonyane.

Lwesigodi - amagama akhe esetshenziswa abakhileyo endaweni ethile futhi abafakiwe yimaphi amaqembu ulimi lucebe. ayanda zabo kungenziwa engavimba ezindaweni eziningana noma kulo lonke lelo zwe.

Isithakazelo endleleni "lendawo" emuva ekhulwini le-18 wasungulwa e-Russia. Njengoba izazi zezilimi ke eziningana izazi zezilimi, kuhlanganise V Dal Potebnya, Shakhmatov, Vygotskii et al., Ingabe benza imizamo emikhulu kulesi siqondiso. Babheka izinketho ehlukahlukene izibonelo ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi lwesigodi. Esikhathini izincwadi, kokubili igama basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle namuhla ephambana nge imiqondo ezifana geography ngokolimi (ikakhulu silulumagama ezindaweni ezahlukene), dialectology yezenhlalakahle (uyakucabangela ubudala, ubungcweti, azisa yezenhlalakahle isimo izilimi zezigodi).

lwesigodi iqembu isiRashiya

ERussia kukhona ezahlukeneyo eziningana ezilimi eziyimixhantela. Isimiso esiyisisekelo of association lwesigodi amazwi eqenjini - indawo. Ngokusho kwakhe angawodwa lwesigodi lwaseningizimu ye nasenyakatho, okuyinto yena, zihlanganisa izilimi zezigodi eziningana. Phakathi kwabo imixhantela Central Russian, okuyinto yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo kumiswa yolimi lwanamuhla Russian , ngakho indlela engcono kunazo zonke eduze kuyinsakavukela etemibhalo.

Iqembu ngalinye libhekene amazwi abo lwesigodi. Tibonelo taletinhlobo okungu (kuhlanganise evame ukusetshenziswa): House - eqhugwaneni (wahlala phezu kwalo.) - Hata; (eningizimu.) inkulumo - lolo (wahlala phezu kwalo.) - Gutara (South.).

amazwi Ezemfundo lwesigodi

Wonke umuntu uthi, njengoba umthetho, inezici ayo ehlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Science isinqumo ukwaba amaqembu amaningana ukuthi zihlukile endleleni kwakhiwe izwi lwesigodi (izibonelo banikwa ngokuziqhathanisa kuyinsakavukela).

1. Empeleni silulumagama. Kuphakathi kokuthi ube azihlangene amazwi ngolimi etemibhalo (isib, amaprotheni ku Pskov esifundeni - Vecchio, yezitolo Voronezh - sapetka) noma kwakhiwa kusukela impande ekhona futhi alondoloze okushiwoyo (e Smolensk esifundeni: uhlelo ukuvinjelwa kanye isebenze - ngakho ajulukayo).
2. Lucebe-kwemagama. Ihlukile amagama ajwayelekile bethela kuphela eyodwa: empofu - Don izinkinga, ikhuluma - e Ryazan razgovorchity njll
3. Imisindvo. Ngokungafani kwezinkambiso etemibhalo ekhona ingenye phoneme (umsindo): andyuk esikhundleni turkey, pahmurny - ie esinamafu.
4. Osemanticheskie. ezifanayo ngokuphelele igama ezivamile umsindo, zibhalwe futhi ifomu, kodwa ehlukene incazelo lucebe: egijima Smolensk esifundeni - beshesha, noodle ku Ryazan esifundeni - igama Pox inkukhu.

Enemininingwane ukuphila ngokusebenzisa amazwi sesigodi

Ezindaweni eziningi zikhona izici ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, isimilo ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu, okuyinto ngokuvamile ukuthola isisho enkulumweni. Lokuphinda umbono ophelele wokuphila ezimweni ezinjalo, kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa amazwi lwesigodi. Izibonelo amagama ukukhiqiza izingxenye ngabanye ephethenini jikelele yempilo yansukuzonke:

• izindlela ka emakhiyubhi le amabhele hay noma utshani (igama ovamile - Baburka) ku Pskov esifundeni: soyanka - isitayela encane, odonok - esikhulu;
• igama nenkonyane endaweni Yaroslavl: kufika unyaka 1 - sucker, kusuka 1 kuya eminyakeni emi-2 - iqhwa crab, kusukela 2 kuya eminyakeni emi-3 - Učka.

Ukukhonjwa izici ethnographic noma kwendawo

Enye - lapho amazwi lwesigodi (izibonelo nokubaluleka kwazo njalo ukuheha nesithakazelo "ngaphandle") usizo lokuqonda ukuphila zedivayisi ngokwayo. Ngakho, enyakatho indlu, ngaziphuzisa zonke izindlu ukwakha ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa. Ngakho, inani elikhulu amazwi "lendawo" okwakuchaza ezingxenyeni ezahlukene indlu: kwebhuloho - kombhede kanye nompheme, cottage - ophilayo ikamelo, uphahla - ekamelweni elisophahleni, diving - ophilayo igumbi elisophahleni lwendlu, elachithwa - engotsheni, Zhirkov - indawo esibayeni izinkomo.

Ngo onqenqemeni Meshersky komkhakha kwezomnotho main kuyinto namahlathi. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso iqembu elikhulu amagama ukuthi bakha amagama lwesigodi. Izibonelo amazwi: uthuli - okwabonwa, izinaliti - iglishnik ezibaziweyo indawo ehlathini - wangiklwebha, umuntu wahlanganyela ukuhlanzwa iziphunzi - peneshnik.

Ukusetshenziswa lwesigodi amagama eqanjiwe

Abalobi abasebenza umkhiqizo, usebenzisa noma iziphi izindlela lokuphinda umoya ezifanele kanye nokudalulwa izinhlamvu izithombe. indima ebalulekile kuleli amazwi play lwesigodi. Izibonelo ukusetshenziswa yabo ingatholakala imisebenzi Pushkin, Turgenev, Esenin, M. Sholokhov, F. abramov, V. Rasputin, V. Astafieva, Prishvin nabanye abaningi. Bayanda ephendukela lwesigodi amazwi abalobi, ogama ebuntwaneni yayenza emzaneni. Njengomthetho, abalobi ngokwabo ukunikeza waphansi eliqukethe incazelo yamagama futhi indawo yabo yokusebenzela ukusetshenziswa.

sici lwesigodi esithombeni esikulesi zingase zihluke. Kodwa noma kunjalo anika umbhalo nokusiza ukuqaphela ubunjalo imibono yombhali.

Ngokwesibonelo, Esenin - imbongi, ogama main izindlela of kabusha ekuphileni kwezakhamuzi amagama nje Ryazan lwesigodi. Izibonelo ukusetshenziswa kwabo "i shushune agugile ubudala" - uhlobo izingubo zabesifazane, "embundwini dezhke phisa" - kubhavu lokhuni for inhlama.

Korolenko isebenzisa amazwi bendawo uma udala emfushane landscape: "... ukubheka uju" - umhosha. Noma Turgenev: "... endaweni yokugcina (sehlozi enkulu ezihlabayo) uzonyamalala."

Okubizwa ngokuthi "dolobhana" abalobi ingenye yezindlela ukwakha isithombe etemibhalo - inkulumo hero, ehlanganisa amagama lwesigodi. Izibonelo: "vospod (iNkosi) uyazuza (usizo)" kusukela V Astaf'eva, "omunye (bona) ... umhlaba iznahratyat (impango)" - e V Rasputin.

Okushiwo lwesigodi amazwi ingatholakala isichazamazwi: i achazayo, bona zizomakwa esifundeni. - zesifunda noma IWASHI. - lwesigodi. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke silulumagama olukhethekile "Dictionary of Russian Folk zezigodi."

Ingena lwesigodi of ulimi ejwayelekile

Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi igama, kanye esetshenziswa kuphela iqembu elithile labantu, ingena esigabeni common. Lena inqubo eside, ikakhulukazi endabeni "wendawo", kodwa kuthatha esenzeka esikhathini sethu.

Ngakho, abantu abambalwa kakhulu oyofika engqondweni, okuyinto ngempela owaziwa elithi "sengiprofethile" wolimi kuyinto ulimi lwesigodi. Lokhu kuboniswa uphawu Ivan Turgenev e "Amanothi we Hunter", "imihlanga rustled, njengoba sisho," okusho ukuthi, e sifundazwe Oryol. Umlobi okokuqala izwi isetshenziswa njengenhlangano sifutamsindvo.

Noma okungenani ezivamile - engumashiqela ngubani, phakathi Ostrovsky kwaba lwesigodi ku Pskov futhi Tver izifundazwe. Ngenxa wemidlalo, usezuze ukuzalwa yesibili, futhi namuhla akekho liphakamisa imibuzo.

Lezi akuzona nje izibonelo angawodwa. On izwi lwesigodi esetshenziswa wafana isikhova, Tues, nezizenze.

Isiphetho amagama lwesigodi esikhathini sethu

Ngenxa ukwanda eminyakeni yamuva, ukufuduka ngaphakathi ezweni, sigodzi manje ugxila ngokuyinhloko lesizukulwane esidala. Isizathu sisobala - kwamiswa ulimi lwabo kwezimo ezifanayo, lapho ubuqotho kubantu kwezinye izifunda of Russia sasinamandla. Kukhula umsebenzi wabantu abatadisha lwesigodi amazwi lokho nje manje ekubeni eyodwa yezindlela wokutadisha ukuthuthukiswa ethnographic namasiko kanye nesazisi abantu isiRashiya, ukugcizelela ubuntu bayo futhi ehlukile. Ukuze isizukulwane samanje - it is a inkumbulo eziphilayo esidlule.