Ocean wamanje - Iyini? Izimbangela olwandle

Ocean wamanje - a ukugeleza kwamanzi mass, okuyinto oluhamba ekuphindekeni ezithile futhi imvamisa. ukuqinisela libhekene physico-chemical izakhiwo kanye nezindawo ethile kwendawo. Kuyinto abandayo noma efudumele, kuncike ubulungu ama-. Ukusakaza ngalinye libhekene kwabantu lenyuka nokucindezelwa. Ayephila ukugeleza mass yamanzi Sverdrup, ngomqondo obanzi - ngokuya ivolumu amayunithi.

izinhlobonhlobo imisinga

Ngokuyinhloko cyclically iqondiswe amanzi notshwala zinezikhathi izimfanelo ezifana ukuzinza, isivinini, ukujula nobubanzi, amakhemikhali izakhiwo ezithinta amandla, njll Kusukela ngezigaba international, kukhona izigaba ezintathu ukugeleza ..:

1. wesilinganiso. Vuka lapho zihlatshwa ingcindezi hydrostatic phezu isobaric izingqimba amanzi. Wesilinganiso ocean wamanje - ukusakazwa esibonakala by displacements ovundlile isopotential amanzi. Ngokusho izinkomba kokuqala, bahlukene ku Wugqinsi, ingcindezi, isitokwe, isinxephezelo kanye seiche. Ngenxa imisinga indle futhi kusheshisa kwakhiwa encibilika ice.

2. Umoya. Icacisa emthambekeni kogu lolwandle, futhi amandla Ukuhamba mass ukuminyana iyehla iyenyuka. Kuyinto zenyathi zamanje drift ulwandle. Lokhu kuhamba amanzi okubangelwa uzibeka ngokwalokho umoya senzo. Iyehla iyenyuka ngaphansi kuphela ebusweni pool.

3. noTidali. Kubonakaliswa kakhulu kunazo zonke emanzini angajulile, izizalo zemifula nezwe elingasogwini. Uhlobo ahlukene iyona inertia zamanje. Sibangelwa isenzo amabutho eziningana. On the kokuhlukana ukunyakaza ukuhlukanisa unomphela, gqwa, iziphepho futhi ukuhweba-umoya imisinga. Eminyakeni emibili kunqunywa isiqondiso nesivinini ngesizini.

Izimbangela olwandle

Okwamanje, nokusakazwa amanzi emanzini emhlabeni isiqala nje ukuba zihlolwe ngokuningiliziwe. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ulwazi oluthile kuphela phezu naseduze-surface imisinga ezaziwayo. I Snag esemqoka iwukuthi Oceanographic System alinaso imingcele ecacile futhi siyahamba njalo. Kuyinto inethiwekhi eyinkimbinkimbi ukugeleza ngenxa izici ezihlukahlukene ngokomzimba futhi amakhemikhali.

Nokho, zaphetha izimbangela ezilandelayo eyaziwayo olwandle:

1. Umthelela cosmic. Lona ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi inselele ngesikhathi esifanayo ukufunda inqubo. Kulokhu, phakathi ukujikeleza Umhlaba kubangelwa, umthelela umkhathi uhlelo kule planethi kwamanzi zemizimba cosmic, njll Isibonelo esimangalisayo - .. Tides.

2. Umthelela omoya. Amanzi kwegazi luncike amandla nesiqondiso mass emoyeni. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ungakwazi ukukhuluma imisinga ezijulile.

3. umehluko phakathi nokuminyanisa. Ukusakaza akhiwa ngenxa ukusatshalaliswa engalingani usawoti kanye lokushisa kwabo amanzi.

imiphumela asemkhathini

Ngo amanzi emhlabeni lolu hlobo nethonya kubangelwa ukucindezela ukugudluka heterogeneous. Oluhambisana isikhala anomalies yamanzi ulwandle namachibi ezincane yokushintsha hhayi kuphela isiqondiso, kodwa futhi ngamandla. Lena kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile ezilwandle nakuzo sisebunzimeni. Isibonelo okuphawuleka Gulf Stream. Ekuqaleni kwenkonzo yakhe, lapho libhekene ngesivinini. Gulf Stream ku Florida Straits ngesivinini kokubili ezimbi futhi Tailwind. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa yakha ingcindezi cyclical phezu izingqimba elisemcengezini, nizihlakaza ukusakaza. Ngakho, esikhathini esithize kukhona outflow eside futhi inflow of semali yamanzi. Izakhi ezibuthaka ezikulezi ingcindezi umkhathi ngaphezu amanzi ephakeme.

Lapho izinga lamanzi lehla, ukuphambuka iba ezincane Florida Strait. Ngoba lokhu kugeleza Isivinini is kakhulu ziyancipha. Ngakho, kungashiwo baphetha ngokuthi yokucindezeleka okwandayo kunciphisa ukugeleza amandla.

Ukuchayeka emoyeni

Ukuxhumana phakathi nomoya futhi amanzi sinamandla kangaka futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo elula ukuthi kunzima yini ukuba uphawule ngeso lenyama. Sekuyisikhathi eside amatilosi bakwazi ukubala yolwandle efanelekayo. Lokhu kwenziwa Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba umsebenzi usosayensi B. Franklin kwe-Gulf Stream, eyaqala ngekhulu le-18. Ngemva eziningana ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka kwenziwa Alexander von Humboldt wakhomba ke ohlwini umoya ayisukumele kwabo amanzi eyinhloko amabutho nezingahlobene nendaba. Ngokombono zezibalo umbono kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela kugomela Tsepprits physics ngo-1878. Liye lazibonakalisa ukuthi izilwandle kuyinto njalo ukudluliswa ebusweni ungqimba amanzi amazinga ezijulile. Kulokhu, kube nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni ukuhamba amandla iba ushaya kamnandi. I velocity ukugeleza kulokhu wakhona liyancipha ukujula. isimo Inquma kwegazi njalo lamanzi isikhathi ngokungenamkhawulo eside yesenzo omoya. Ngaphandle kubhekwe kuphela ukuhweba-umoya emoyeni kwemali, okuyinto abangela ukuhamba kwabo amanzi kule bhé band izilwandle ngesizini.

inhlanganiso umehluko

Umthelela lokhu isici phezu kwegazi amanzi kuyimbangela enkulu Imisinga izilwandle. izifundo Emikhulu kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela kukhona ngamazwe uhambo Challenger. Ngemva kwalokho, umsebenzi ososayensi eye yaqinisekiswa izazi sesayensi yemvelo zaseScandinavia.

Heterogeneity nokuminyanisa amanzi mass kuwumphumela ezicini eziningana. Baye njalo kukhona emvelweni, ukuhlinzeka uhlelo okuqhubekayo kwamanzi planethi. Noma yimuphi ukuphambuka lokushisa lamanzi imiphumela ushintsho kwabantu bayo. Kulokhu, kukhona njalo i lobudlelwano. Ayanda lokushisa, ephansi kwabantu.

Futhi, umehluko nezici zabo ezingokomzimba ezithinta isimo aggregate yamanzi. Zeqhwa noma ukuhwamuka kwandisa kwabantu, kwezulu - ke kunciphisa. Kuthinta ngamandla wamanje kanye usawoti yamanzi uquqaba. It kuncike ukuncibilika iqhwa, kwezulu kanye ukuhwamuka amazinga. Ngokuya kwabantu ulwandle ngempela engalingani. Lokhu kusebenza futhi ebusweni futhi izingqimba ezijulile endaweni amanzi.

Imisinga ezimbili kuyiPacific Ocean

Isikimu jikelele notshwala kunqunywa nokusakazwa emkhathini. Ngakho, empumalanga ukuhweba umoya kunomthelela ukwakheka Yiqiniso North. It kweqa amanzi Philippine Islands ogwini iMelika Ephakathi. It has izingalo ezimbili abazondla kwechibi Indonesian enkabazwe ocean samanje ePacific Ocean. Ngo eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, elikhulu kunawo wonke endaweni amanzi notshwala kukhona Kuroshio, Alaska naseCalifornia yamanje. Okokuqala okubili - efudumele. Ukusakaza wesithathu kuyinto ocean abandayo Pacific zamanje. Swimming pool eningizimu nenkabazwe ifomu Australia futhi Equatorial yamanje. Esempumalanga nje amanzi enkabeni kukhona Equatorial umshoshaphansi. Ngasogwini Ningizimu Melika, kukhona legatsha kokusakaza abandayo Peruvian.

Ngesikhathi sasehlobo iseduze nenkabazwe izenzo ocean wamanje-El Niño. It odlulela abandayo amanzi mass ukugeleza-Peruvian ukwakha sezulu evumayo.

I-Indian Ocean nemisinga yayo

Umbuso wasenyakatho ingxenye umcengezi libhekene ushintsho ezithile zonyaka ofudumele futhi abandayo. Okunjalo Dynamics njalo ukusebenza okubangwa yezimvula kwegazi. Ebusika evelele-Southwestern zamanje ukuthi zivela e- eBay of Bengal. Kancane eningizimu eminye yiyona West. Lokhu zamanje ocean kweqa amanzi Indian Ocean ngasogwini Afrika kuya Nicobar Islands.

Ehlobo, iziphepho kunomthelela ukushintsha okuphawulekayo endleleni amanzi. Equatorial Isimiso is elivulela ukujula kakhulu uya uphelelwa amandla. Ngenxa yalokho, esikhundleni sakhe esithathwayo enamandla waseSomalia futhi efudumele Madagascar yamanje.

Nokusakazwa Arctic Ocean

Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa imisinga kwamanzi kuleyo ngxenye ulwandle kuyinto kwatheleka kakhulu kwamanzi quba endaweni Atlantic. Iqiniso lokuthi ikhava eminyaka ubudala ice kuvimbela emkhathini nemizimba cosmic nomthelela kwegazi yangaphakathi. Amavesi ebaluleke kakhulu e-Arctic Ocean kubhekwa eNyakatho ye-Atlantic. It fetches imiqulu emikhulu uquqaba efudumele, abavumi lokushisa lamanzi udedela ukuze exponents esibucayi.

Ukuze isiqondiso ice drift unesibopho trans-Arctic. Phakathi neminye imifula emikhulu kakhulu bungabonakala Yamal, Spitsbergen, Nortkapskoe nemisinga Norwegian, kanye igatsha Gulf Stream.

Imisinga Atlantic umcengezi

I usawoti ka olwandle kuphezulu kakhulu. Nokuklanywa yamanzi kwegazi kuyinto umpofu phakathi kwezinye amachibi. Lapha, i-main ocean wamanje - Gulf Stream. Siyabonga kuye, nezinga lokushisa lamanzi imingcele agcinwa ngezithuba 17 degrees. Lena ocean zamanje efudumele -Atlantic Ocean lifudumeza zombili ama-.

Libuye ebaluleke kakhulu umcengezi notshwala kukhona Canary, Brazilian, Benguela ne-Equatorial yamanje.