Likuphi Sea uBarents? Ukuxhumanisa, incazelo, ukujula nezisetshenziswa

Uyazi lapho Sea uBarents? Itholakala kwi emaphethelweni e-Arctic Ocean. Kuze 1853 wacela elinye igama - Murmansk ulwandle. It egeza ogwini Norway neRussia. Ekhuluma indawo Sea uBarents, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kukhawulwe Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef futhi Spitzbergen futhi ugu olusenyakatho yeYurophu. Indawo 1424 sq. M. km. Kusebenta: 71 ° c. w., 41 ° a. d. Kwezinye izindawo uBarents ekujuleni kwelwandle kuyinto 600 m.

Sinesithakazelo echibini esisogwini eshalofini ezwekazini. Ebusika, yayo ingxenye ningizimu-ntshonalanga ayigongobali njengoba lokhu kuphazamisa iNorth Atlantic yamanje. Pechora Sea libizwa yayo ingxenye eningizimu-asempumalanga. ULwandle uBarents kubaluleke kakhulu ukudoba futhi ezokuthutha. Nazi izimbobo ezinkulu - Varde (Norway) kanye Murmansk. Phuma kulo ulwandle kuze kube seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili futhi kwaba Finland: echwebeni kuphela ice-free ebusika kwaba Petsamo.

Kuze kube manje, indawo lapho Sea uBarents, kuthiwa kakhulu angcolile. Inkinga sína imfucuza enemisebe ukuwela ke. indima ebalulekile lokhu eyadlalwa imikhumbi yenuzi yezwe, kanye Norway, izimboni wahlanganyela ukucutshungulwa kwemfucumfucu enemisebe yenuzi echibini, njenge-Sea uBarents. Imingcele yakhe okuqondene uthi umuntu (ulwandle eshalofini) Muva nje sekuke kwaba isihloko izingxabano indawo eNorway neRussia, kanye namanye amazwe.

Umlando cwaningo kolwandle

Manje bakutshele okwengeziwe thina Echibini nesithakazelo. Ake uqale nge idatha zomlando kuso. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu base bazi lapho Sea uBarents, nakuba igama kwakuvame ukuba ibe khona ehlukile. Ugu babehlala Sami (Lapps) - Finno-Ugric izizwe. I abaMhlophe bokuqala ukuvakashela (amaViking kuqala futhi kamuva Novgorod) ubheke ekupheleni kwekhulu le-11. Kancane kancane baba ukuvama. Map okuvezwe lapha esithombeni ngezansi, siqanjwe ngo 1614.

Ngo 1853, oLwandle uBarents wathola igama layo lamanje behlonipha Willem uBarents, itilosi Dutch. Ukuqala isifundo sakhe yesayensi seluqaliwe Expedition iminyaka 1821-24, okwaholela F. P. Litke. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 N. M. Knipovich wenza olunembile kuqala bese uqedela izici zayo kwamanzi.

isikhundla ezindawo

Sitshele okuningi mayelana nendawo Sea uBarents kumephu. Itholakala emngceleni ne-Arctic Ocean uye e-Atlantic. Kuyinto endaweni amanzi abekelwa emaceleni kuqala. ULwandle uBarents itholakala kumephu phakathi eziqhingini Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya futhi Vaigach empumalanga, eningizimu kukhawulwe ogwini olusenyakatho yeYurophu, futhi entshonalanga - Bear Island Spitsbergen. Sinesithakazelo ichibi inomngcele ngasentshonalanga ngasoLwandle Norwegian, empumalanga - Kara, eningizimu - nge white, kuyilapho enyakatho it is iphahlwe-Arctic Ocean. Pechora Sea libizwa endaweni yayo, itholakala empumalanga. Kolguev.

ugu lolwandle

Ngokuyinhloko, uBarents Sea coast Fjord. Ziyakwazi ezimangelengele, okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi jagged kakhulu. Amatheku ngobukhulu kule uBarents Sea: Varangian (aziwa nangokuthi ama-Varanger Fjord), Porsangerfjord, Kola Bay, Motovsky Gulf Coast nezinye impumuzo empumalanga, inhlonhlo ye-Kanin Nos kushintsha kakhulu.. Uthotshiselwa futhi ikakhulukazi kahle Kuhlehliswe yayo ezingwini. Kukhona 3 amatheku ezinkulu engajulile: Khaipudyrskaya, Pechora kanye Czech lip. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona coves ezincane ezimbalwa.

Islands, archipelagos, emifuleni

Islands of the Sea uBarents iyivela kancane. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kwalokhu Kolguev. Ulwandle kunomkhawulo empumalanga, enyakatho nasentshonalanga Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef futhi Spitzbergen. Imifula ngobukhulu ukuthi iyangena ke - indigo futhi Pechora.

imisinga

Cycle ezakhiwe ebusweni imisinga, eyenziwa kwewashi. Ukuze enyakatho nasempumalanga ye asempumalanga naseningizimu ye azungeze hambisa Atlantic Amanzi zamanje Norwegian. Kuyinto efudumele, ngoba ingenye amagatsha kohlelo Gulf Stream. Ithonya lawo usukela kuya Umhlaba Omusha, ogwini lwayo enyakatho. Izingxenye asentshonalanga nasenyakatho lomjikelezo akhiwa amanzi Arctic zendawo ukuthi zivela e-Arctic Ocean noLwandle Kara. Esikhathini ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi Sea uBarents inohlelo vnutrikrugovyh imisinga. Ngaphansi kwethonya ukuhlukahluka ovunguzayo isiqondiso namanzi exchange ngezidumbu ezungeze amanzi eshintsha kwegazi amanzi. imisinga noTidali kukhona ezibaluleke kakhulu. ezinkulu ikakhulukazi ogwini. tide uBarents Sea kukhona semidiurnal. Inani enkulu kuyinto 6.1 m futhi kwenzeka e ogwini yeNhlonhlo Kola. Kepha izindawo ezisele, inani komzimba kuzo - kusuka 0.6 m 4.7 m.

amanzi lokushintshisana

Okubalulekile ekulondolozeni ukuzinza amanzi lawa manzi exchange ulwandle isetjenziswa nge kwezilwandle angomakhelwane. Through the besebunzimeni ichibi phakathi nonyaka wathola cubic metres angaba yizinkulungwane 76. km amanzi (inombolo efanayo okuphuma emlonyeni lokhu kungcolisa). Lena cishe ikota yebahlali amanzi ngokuphelele. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke senani (acishe abe yizinkulungwane 59. Cu. Km ngonyaka) kuletha Nordkapp zamanje. Kuyinto ithonya efudumele futhi elinamandla nemingcele Hydro-Meteorological yoLwandle uBarents. Babalelwa ku-200 cubic metres. km ngonyaka we Imininingwane emfuleni ukugeleza.

usawoti

Phakathi olwandle, i-usawoti ungqimba amaqabunga kusukela 34,7 kuya 35% ku-eningizimu-ntshonalanga, kusukela ngo-33 kuya ku-34% we-empumalanga 32 kuya ku-33% e-enyakatho. Entwasahlobo nasehlobo nomdweshu wezwe elisogwini is lehla ukuba 30-32%. Futhi ngasekupheleni Ebusika, usawoti anda ukuze 34-34,5%.

idatha geological

Sinesithakazelo kolwandle isendaweni ipuleti uBarents Sea. yobudala wakhe lichazwa ngokuthi eCambria Proterozoic-Early. Syncline - ukucindezeleka anteclise phansi - ekuphakameni kwakhe. Njengoba for amafomu ezincane wokukhululeka, ngesikhathi izinsalela ezingwini lasendulo ukujula kukhona cishe 70 no-200 metres. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona denudation amafomu glacial-accumulative futhi glacial, kanye emikhulu sandy kwakhiwa imisinga esikhulu olwandle.

Phansi Sea uBarents

Lokhu ulwandle itholakala ngaphakathi kwemingcele eshalofini ezwekazini. Nokho, ngokungafani amachibi efanayo kuye, ingxenye kahle esikhulu we uBarents olwandle 300-400 amamitha ukujula. Maximum - amamitha 600, kanti isilinganiso - 229. Ngokuphathelene nesimo sendawo ngezansi, ume upland (Perseus nge okungenani mayelana 63 amamitha ezijulile futhi Central), ethafeni (Central Plateau), emkhombeni (West, ukujula kabani obuyisilinganiselo 600 metres, futhi Franz-Victoria (mayelana 430 metres), kanye nabanye), ukucindezeleka (i-we ukucindezeleka we Central ukujula esiphezulu -. 386 metres). Uma sikhuluma sesihlasela ingxenye eseningizimu ye phansi, ukujula akuvamile idlula kwamamitha angu-200. Uhluka ngempela kuqondaniswe impumuzo.

Ukwakheka inhlabathi

Engxenyeni eseningizimu kolwandle okuyinto sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo ulwelwesi lwesisu, kwenze isihlabathi wabusa inzika. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona amatshe kanye amatshe. Ngezinye eziphakeme izingxenye enyakatho nasenkabeni - yl sandy, isihlabathi silty, futhi agcinwe ayimigodi yl. Yonke indawo kukhona admixture indawo-grained. Lokhu kungenxa sisezikhaleni iqhwa, kanye ne ukusabalala esikhulu relict ezifakwa glacial. Ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi maphakathi nasenyakatho umthamo kwezulu lingaphansi kuka 0.5 m. Ngenxa yalokhu ezifakwa glacial wasendulo awalethe ahlukene zitholakala cishe phezulu. Sedimentation uyephuza (ngaphansi kuka-30 mm njalo iminyaka eyinkulungwane). Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-impahla terrigenous enikeziwe izinto eziningi ezincane. Iqiniso liwukuthi ngenxa inhlobo yosizo e ogwini loLwandle uBarents ongawi nemifula emikhulu, ngaphandle Pechora River, okuyinto cishe lonke alluvium zishiywe Pechora esizalweni somfula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibhange ezweni aqukethe ikakhulu yamadwala crystalline, kuhle eqinile.

Isimo sezulu

Manje tshela lithini ngesimo sezulu sale kwesigubhu, njenge-Sea uBarents. ocean Atlantic (efudumele) kanye Arctic (abandayo) umthelela lasungulwa. Iqiniso ukuthi izimo zezulu ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ngenxa ayehlasela njalo lomoya abandayo Arctic kanye zasezindaweni Atlantic efudumele. Blowing phezu kolwandle ebusika imimoya ikakhulukazi eningizimu-ntshonalanga, futhi ehlobo futhi entwasahlobo - enyakatho-mpumalanga. Iziphepho uza lapha kaningi. Ngo-February lokushisa yisilinganiso sesifundo kusuka -25 ° C (ezindaweni ezisenyakatho) -4 ° C-ntshonalanga. Phezu kolwandle e sezulu esinamafu owandile phakathi nawo wonke unyaka. kwezulu Lonyaka ezindaweni wasenyakatho-250 mm, ngesikhathi eningizimu-ntshonalanga - 500 mm.

iqhwa

Empumalanga nasoLwandle uBarents enyakatho izimo zezulu abasakwazi ezinzima. Lokhu kunquma ice esembozweni sawo abalulekile. Kuphela ingxenye ningizimu-ntshonalanga kolwandle unyaka wonke sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo kungekho iqhwa. ikhava lakhe ukusatshalaliswa ngobukhulu ngo-Ephreli. Lokhu ice elintantayo ngenyanga ugajwe ama-75% bonke ubuso Sea uBarents. Ekupheleni ubusika eminyakeni okubi ikakhulukazi ice elintantayo lifika ngasogwini olusempumalanga zidlule iNhlonhlo Kola. Inombolo okungenani amanothi ekupheleni Agasti. ice umngcele kulezi zinsuku idluliswa for 78 ° enyakatho nenkabazwe. Enyakatho-mpumalanga futhi enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-ice ulwandle ngokuvamile egcinwe ngokuvumelana nazo unyaka wonke. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi kolwandle ushwele ngokuphelele kuzo.

uBarents lokushisa

I usawoti kuqhathaniswa eliphezulu futhi lokushisa engxenyeni ntshonalanga kwesigubhu inquma ukufika lapha amanzi Atlantic efudumele. Kusukela Februwari kuya kuMashi kulezi zindawo, izinga lokushisa kwamanzi e-surface ivela 3 ° C kuya 5 ° C. Lungafinyelela ngo-August kuya 7-9 ° C. Phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, eningizimu-mpumalanga okuyingxenye nasenyakatho-latitude-74 ° enyakatho uBarents izinga lokushisa lingaphansi -1 ° C. Esikhathini eningizimu-mpumalanga ehlobo kuba 4-7 ° C, futhi enyakatho - mayelana 4 ° C. Ngo esogwini phakathi nehlobo kungase ungqimba kwamanzi induduzo ngesikhathi amamitha angu-5 kuya ku-8 nokudepha 11-12 ° C.

I zezilwane nezimila

Esikhathini Sea uBarents, iyikhaya kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi (zazo zikhona 114 zinhlobo). Kukhona isilwane ocebile futhi isitshalo plankton futhi benthos. Izimila zasolwandle ezivamile oluseningizimu. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi maqondana ukudoba ukuze - i-herring, haddock, cod, eyikati, ulwandle bass, i-halibut, ulwe, njll ezincelisayo ivezwa uphawu, polar bear, Beluga. Ihabhu lwezimpawu , njll Okwamanje, ukudoba iqhutshwa kophawu .. On emikhawulweni ziningi inyoni amakoloni (Gull-moeviki, guillemot, guillemot). Ekhulwini lama-20 ensimini alethwe the crab yinkosi. Wakwazi ukuzivumelanisa futhi aqale ngenkuthalo ziyanda. Kuningi-sea urchin zidla, echinoderms ahlukahlukene, izinhlobo ezahlukene ulwandle izinkanyezi zivamile eduze phansi emanzini kwesigubhu kwezinhloso zenzuzo.

Inani Economic, umkhakha nokuthunyelwa

Kubalulekile kakhulu WaseRussia, kanye eNorway futhi eziningana kwamanye amazwe e Sea uBarents. Russia ngenkuthalo usebenzisa izimali zakhe. Kuyinto ecebile izinhlanzi ezihlukahlukene, isitshalo ne-plankton isilwane futhi benthos. Ngenxa yalokhu yokudoba uqhutshwa ngentshiseko oLwandle uBarents. ezimayini Russian eshalofini Arctic hydrocarbon. Umklamo esiyingqayizivele zezwe lethu Prirazlomnoe. Ngokokuqala ngqá eyenziwa kusukela ukukhiqizwa platform esimisiwe hydrocarbon endaweni. Ipulatifomu (MISP "Prirazlomnaja") ikuvumela ukuba uthathe yonke imisebenzi zobuchwepheshe ezidingekayo on the spot. Lokhu lula kakhulu inqubo ukukhiqizwa.

Kubaluleke kakhulu-ke kubuye indlela yasolwandle ohlanganisa ingxenye European wezwe lakithi kusukela emachwebeni asempumalanga (ekhulwini le-19) kanye Western (ngekhulu le-16) naseSiberia (15 e.). Imbobo ngobukhulu futhi eyinhloko Murmansk kuyinto Russia (ngezansi).

Phakathi kwabanye yilezi ezilandelayo: Indigo, Teriberka, Naryan-Mar. nezimbobo Norwegian - eKirkenes, Vadso futhi Vardo. ULwandle uBarents akuyona yomthengisi imikhumbi kuphela yezwe, kodwa futhi oluhle ngemikhumbi yempi, kuhlanganise ngwenya yenuzi izikebhe.