Urals imithombo: amaminerali, amahlathi, amanzi kanye nesimo sezulu. Umhlobo Ural

Urals ngokuthi bahlale kuyo eRussia, okuyinto ngesisekelo efanayo uhlelo igama entabeni. Urals imithombo (amaminerali, amahlathi, amanzi, isimo sezulu kanye zokungcebeleka) kukhona ocebile futhi ezihlukahlukene. Mayelana nabo, ikakhulukazi, futhi kuzoxoxwa ngani kulesi sihloko.

Ural: indawo, izimo zemvelo kanye nemithombo (kafushane)

esifundeni Geographical ngokuthi Ural ukhonza njengomdala umngcele phakathi ezimbili emathafeni elikhulu Eurasia - East European kanye West laseSiberia. Futhi ingxenye maphakathi kule ndawo yiyona eponymous Ukhahlamba, okuyinto welula amakhilomitha 2,000 ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu.

Urals futhi ehlukanisa izingxenye ezimbili zomhlaba - eYurophu nase-Asia. On emaphethelweni isethi ohambelana Ekaterinburg uphawu yesikhumbuzo. By endleleni, endaweni yegama "Ural" lihunyushwa lisuselwa olimini Bashkir kusho "Leli bhande". Bashkirs ngisho une-nganekwane wasendulo mayelana giant abake ukusakaza ibhande lakhe elikhulu, kanjalo kangangokuba waze ozihlanganise Sea Kara kuya iCaspian eningizimu. Futhi ekhukhwini umuntu omkhulu bekufihlekile ingcebo zeminyaka. Kuyinto ngalezi nengcebo Kuzoxoxwa.

izinsiza Zemvelo Urals kukhona ezihlukahlukene ocebile futhi omkhulu. Ubuhle futhi ubunjalo le esifundeni isibonisi window futhi izincwadi, nezinto zobuciko. emagumbini alo ezahlukene kungabonwa imidwebo umculi kanye nezithombe lezihambi abadumile. Iningi ngokucacile futhi ngamafuphi kuchazwe ubunjalo Ural kanye DN Mamin-laseSiberia.

Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho yesifunda

Sekuyisikhathi eside Ural ubulokhu ihlala isisekelo osendaweni ezibalulekile yezimboni Russia. ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwe esifundeni waqala ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-uPeter Omkhulu. Lokhu kwaba nomthelela imithombo ecebile samaminerali Urals.

Ngo XIX-XX eminyaka izitshalo kanye nezitshalo zezimboni esifundeni esise-Ural wakhula like amakhowe emva esindayo imvula ehlobo. Lokhu, ngokusho Alekseya Ivanova umlobi, ngisho lapha sokucasuka ekwakhekeni 'impucuko ekhethekile Metallurgical. " Indima ebaluleke kunazo zonke eyadlalwa esifundeni Ural ngesikhathi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Shono lalibizwa ngalezo zinsuku, "ireferensi emaphethelweni amandla." Empeleni, kuba esifundeni esise-Ural kokuzihlanganisa anqobe empini enzima futhi sikhulu wezimpi ezalandela.

Insimu Urals ngezindinganiso isiRashiya, ngempela ezinabantu abaningi futhi yingcweti kahle. Imizi ngobukhulu esifundeni: eYekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Ufa, Magnitogorsk, Izhevsk futhi Nizhny Tagil.

Minerals esifundeni

Mineral umnotho Urals unothile kakhulu futhi ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ekujuleni kule ndawo enothile konke kusuka isihlabathi nobumba, namafutha negolide. Lapha, ngendlela engakholeki ihlanganisa inothile netshe, non-metallic, ukwakhiwa kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa zamakhemikhali.

Ekhulwini XVI engxenyeni esentshonalanga sethusi Ural kwatholakala, futhi XVII - yensimbi. Kuyinto ironworks base ezihlobene indaba ukubonakala "dolobha" esifundeni - emzini eYekaterinburg.

Kamuva lapha uzothola ezifakwa elikhulu yegolide ne-platinum, amalahle, nesiliva, namatshe anenani kanye lulwimi eziyigugu. Bauxite limbiwa Urals, kanye potassium nosawoti, ikhwalithi okuyinto kubhekwa kakhulu ezweni lonke. Orenburg idume ukukhiqizwa igesi, kanye Ishimbai - uwoyela. zokwakha ezihlukahlukene futhi amaningi (limestone, imifekethiso, isihlabathi nobumba).

Imithombo yamanzi we Urals

nayo yonke indawo esifundeni kwendawo lihlukaniswe phakathi amachibi ezimbili. Ezinye imifula nemifudlana baphathe amanzi abo amakhaza e-Arctic Ocean. Amanzi neminye imifula ezimiselwe ukuba somfula iCaspian Sea-Lake.

Amanzi Ural emelelwa ikakhulu yimifula. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo - kuyinto Kama, Urals, le Pechora, Tobol, Tura Iset. Bonke Umsuka yabo zase-Ural. Ngakho-ke, esigodini engenhla emifuleni mincane futhi etulu. Ngokuvamile, ukuntuleka kwamanzi esiyitholayo kuphela engxenyeni eseningizimu nesifunda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona emifuleni abaningi effluents angcolile wamabhizinisi yezimboni eyahlukene.

Esifundeni esise-Ural, kukhona eziningi izitshalo ezinkulu nezincane amandla kagesi. Enamandla kakhulu phakathi kwabo - kuyinto Pavlovskaya, Shirokovskaya futhi Yumaguzinskaya HPP. Nokho, izinsiza Hydropower we Urals akuyona yingcweti kahle.

Emahlathini Urals

Ihlathi izinsiza ezemvelo Ural kulinganiselwa ngaso libe no 3 billion cubic metres kwezinkuni. Ezinhlotsheni ezingu bomdabu ezibhekwa eyigugu kakhulu uphayini, * nomthidari, sonwele futhi larch. Amahlathi amboza cishe ingxenye endaweni ingqikithi esifundeni. Ngamagama ngokuphelele, kuba yizigidi ezingu-40 amahektha.

Ingxenye esemqoka onqenqemeni ehlathini bagxila ezindaweni zayo enyakatho (ikakhulukazi Perm futhi Sverdlovsk izifunda). With ekuthuthukisweni eningizimu, kancane kancane sithathelwe indawo ehlathini-asemaqeleni kanye asemaqeleni. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amahlathi Ural abangu ngaphansi cuttings olunzulu ngesikhathi XVIII-XIX eminyaka. Izindawo ezincane virgin (acwebile) amahlathi esifundeni esise-Ural kungatholakala kuphela enyakatho nesifunda.

izinsiza sezulu nezokuchitha isizungu ezikhungweni esifundeni

Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo Urals - uhlobo ezwekazini. Futhi ezwekazini layo kubonakale kwandisa ne bathuthuke eningizimu-mpumalanga. Ubusika zonyaka eside futhi ngempela iqhwa zesikhashana - pretty cool. Inzika zokhahlamba kusuka 700 mm enyakatho nesifunda ukuba 200-250 mm sesihlasela ingxenye eseningizimu ye-ke. Ngokuvamile, isimo sezulu entshonalanga Izintaba Ural soft kakhulu futhi usemanzi, futhi empumalanga zokhahlamba - eyomile futhi abandayo.

Ukuthembisa ukuze ezolimo kanye ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo elikhiqizayo bawukuphela Central kanye Yuzhnyy Ural. Ikakhulu, i-yisigodi Ural River limelela web eshayisa asemaqeleni inhlabathi evundile. Lena indawo enkulu kwezolimo zonke Urals.

izinsiza zokuzijabulisa we Urals -, ngaphezu kwakho konke, namathafa amahle, isimo sezulu enempilo kanye imithombo eminingi yamanzi amaminerali (sulfate, i-sodium chloride, ayoni, uxhumano lokudlulisa, Radon) ehlukene. Phakathi ezikhangayo yemvelo okunabileko kukhona emihumeni, zazo zikhona okungenani 500! Ngokuvamile, esifundeni esise-Ural esifundeni ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni ski, kwezempilakahle ezokuvakasha.